A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

골다공증의 위험인자 : 아산시 지역 주민을 대상으로

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,이남수,이상건,이상범,이상우,이선정,이성수 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Objective : As the average lifespan of human increases, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major health care problems. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, few studies have assessed the recognition of osteoporosis in general adults. This study examined the recognition of osteoporosis and analyzed the relating factors. Method : A population-based sample of 1086 adults in Asan-city, Korea was investigated with questionnaires and height, weight, Information regarding the general characteristics(gender, age, economic state), lifestylef exercise, smoking, alcohol),medical history(progestin, GH, steroid, calcitonin, PTH), demographic parameter, obesity, stress, and family history was collected through an interview using a structural questionnaire. The level of obesity was measured by the body mass index(BMI). BMD(Bone mineral density) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was considered to be T-score below -2.5. Results : The prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age, decreased with BMI and predominant in women by the result of x^(2) -test, T-test. Age, weight, BMI were significantly correlated with osteoporosis by the result of Pearson correlation ana1ysis(P<0.05). And age, gender, BMI, family history of osteoporosis were proved to be significant risk factors of osteoporosis by the result of multiple logistic regression(P<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that age, gender, BMI might be the most important risk factors of osteoporosis. And the history taking about family history of osteoporosis is helpful for diagnosing osteoporosis.

A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Yong Sam Lee,Sang Hyuk Kim,Byeong-Hee Mihn 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the 15th year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yanggyeong- gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

뇌 아밀로이드 혈관병과 고혈압성 뇌출혈의 감별에 있어서 Apolipoprotein Eε4와 점상 출혈 분포의 유용성

김용범,이광호,이수주,나덕렬,조수진,정진상,이원용 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Te3 Film Processed by Electrodeposition

Lee, Kwang-Yong,Oh, Tae-Sung Research Institute of Science and Technology HONGI 2005 Hongik Journal of Science and Technology Vol.9 No.-

Thermoelectric properties of the electrodeposited Bi_(2)Te_(3) films have been investigated. Bi_(2)Te_(3) plating solution of 20 mM concentration was prepared by dissolving Bi_(2)O_(3) and TeO_(2) into 1M HNO_(3). Thermoelectric properties of the electroplated Bi_(2)Te_(3) films were changed with the film thickness, and the 40 μm-thick film exhibited Seebeck coefficient of -66 μV/K, electrical resistivity of 2.4 mΩ-cm, and power factor of 1.75x10^(-4) W/K^(2)-m. Using multilayer overhang process, the photoresist pattern to form thermoelectric legs of 30 μm depth and 100 μm diameter was successfully fabricated.

업종에 따른 연 취급 사업장의 기중 연 농도 및 연 노출 수준 평가

이병국,김용배,리갑수,안현철,김화성,이용진,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to obtain an useful information for health management and biological monitoring of lead exposed workers, Authors tried to investigate air lead level and the lead exposed level of workers in lead industry according to occupational category. The subjects in our study were 2074 workers in 7 lead-using industries, and study subjects were divided into 4 occupational categories such as storage battery industry (type 1), primary smelting industry (type 2), secondary smelting industry (type 3) and litharge making industry (type 4). Blood zincprotoporphyrin concentration (ZPP), blood lead concentration (PbB) and urinary δ -aminolevulinic acid (ALAU), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. Personal variables such as age, work duration were also collected. The results were as follows. 1. The geometric mean air lead in 9 lead-using industry was 0.1133±4.3120 ㎎/㎥, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 0.1038±3.4952 ㎎/㎥, 0.0429±3.4329 ㎎/㎥, 0.1877±2.5123 ㎎/㎥ and 0.9961±5.2910 ㎎/㎥, respectively. 2. The mean ZPP in 9 lead-using industry was 53.1±28.0 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 52.0±24.8 ㎍/㎗, 48.0±16.4 ㎍/㎗, 109.8±85.6 ㎍/㎗ and 74.3±37.8 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in ZPP according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose ZPP were above 100 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 4.0%, 1.7%, 34.3% and 21.6%, respectively. 3. The mean PbB in lead-using industry was 26.0±11.2 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 25.3±11.1 ㎍/㎗, 26.7±8.8 ㎍/㎗, 50.3±15.2 ㎍/㎗ and 36.4±11.0 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in PbB according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose PbB were above 40 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 10.4%, 7.7% 71.9% and 43.2%, respectively. 4. While the correlation of Hb corrected PbB with ZPP was higher than non corrected PbB, the correlation of log-transformed ZPP with PbB was higher than non corrected ZPP. 5. Simple linear regressions of PbB and corrected PbB as independent variable with ZPP, log-transformed ZPP and ALAU as dependent variable were statistically significant (P0.01). Coefficient of determination of corrected PbB with other variables was higher than non corrected PbB. As the result of this study, it was suggested that reconsideration of environmental and biological monitoring program was highly recommended for secondary smelting and litharge making industry.

임상 검체에서 분리된 nontyphoid Salmonella에서의 integron의 빈도와 특징

이정은,박수진,김성한,김미나,이남용,이복권,이상오,김양수,우준희,최상호 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3

Background : Nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) is a leading cause of human food-borne enteritis, It has been known that integron, a naturally occurring gene capture and expression element, Plays an important role in the development and dissemination of multidrug-resistance. In this study, we investigated the prevalences and molecular characteristics of integrons in NTS clinical strains. Materials and Methods : Between 1995-96 and 2000-03, a total 261 NTS clinical strains comprising 39 serotypes were collected from clinical specimens. All strains were serotyped, and the MICs of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim were determined by agar dilution method. Integrons were detected by PCR amplification of integrase genes, and gene cassettes were determined by PCR and sequencing, Conjugation experiments were performed using E. coli J53 as a recipient. The clonal relationship was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresls (PFGE). Results : Of the 261 strains tested, class 1 integrons were present in 21 strains (8.0%). Class 2 and class 3 integrons were not found. The integron-positive rate was higher in S. Typhimurium (24.2% [8/33]) than in S. Enteritidis (2.0% [3/153]). Overall rates of antimicrobial resistance were higher in integron-positive strains. dhfr12-orfF-aadA2gene cassette was detected in 5 strains, aadA2in 4 strains, dhfr17-orfF-aadA5 in 2 strains, and addA1 in 1 strain. Ten integron-positive transconjugants were successfully selected. Among 8 integron-positive strains of S. Typhimurium, 7 had similar PFGE patterns. Conclusion: This study suggests that integrons are already playing a significant role in antimicrobial resistance in NTS. Continuous monitoring is needed to detect the emergence and spread of integron-mediated antimicrobial resistance.

연작업자들의 신기능 평가에서 요중 δ-aminolevulinic acid 측정의 의의

이병국,이숙,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

To clarify the effect of occupational lead exposure on renal function 241 lead workers working and 56 non lead workers were studied in 5 lead acid battery industries. Study variables for renal effect were urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG), urinary total protein(U-TP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(S-Cr), and serum uric acid(S-Ua). On the other hand, blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood(ZPP), and delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine(δ-ALA) were selected for the variables of lead exposure. Information on age, work duration, smoking and drinking history were also obtained. The results obtained were as follows. While the mean values of lead exposure indicators of lead workers were significantly different from non-exposed ones, the mean values of BUN, U-TP and S-Cr of renal function indicators of exposed were also different from non-exposed. BUN, U-TP and NAG showed statistically significant correlation with PbB and ZPP, and NAG revealed also statistically strongly significant correlation with δ-ALA. On multiple regression using renal fuction indicators as a dependent variable and δ-ALA, age, work duration,lead exposure,smoking and drinking as independent variables, only δ-ALA contributed to NAG.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

도파민 수송체의 C-말단이 도파민 수송체 기능에 미치는 영향

이준규,박병섭,김용석,이상훈,이용성 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1998 精神健康硏究 Vol.17 No.-