한국인 폐확산능 정상예측식의 임상적 유용성과 정확성

나승원 ( Seung Won Ra ),박태선 ( Tai Sun Park ),홍윤기 ( Yoon Ki Hong ),홍상범 ( Sang Bum Hong ),심태선 ( Tae Sun Shim ),임채만 ( Chae Man Lim ),이상도 ( Sang Do Lee ),고윤석 ( Youn Suck Koh ),김우성 ( Woo Sung Kim ),김동순 ( Dong 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2008 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.64 No.2

연구배경: 폐확산능을 해석하는 데 필요한 정상예측식으로는 한국인을 대상으로 하여 박 등이 개발한 식(박 식)이 있으나 아직 외국 정상예측식을 많이 사용하고 있다. 이에 국내에서 많이 사용하는 외국 정상예측식인 Burrows 식과 박 식의 임상적 유용성과 정확성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 1. 임상적 유용성 연구; 2006년 7월부터 12월까지 6개월간 폐확산능검사를 시행한 환자 중 두 식을 각각 정상예측식으로 적용하였을 때 폐확산능 해석이 다른 276명(대상군 A)을 대상으로 하였다. 대상군 A에게 두 식을 각각 적용하였을 때 폐확산능 해석과 임상적 판단과의 일치도를 비교하여 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 2. 간질성폐질환 진단의 정확성 비교; 2001년부터 2006년까지 폐조직검사를 시행하여 확진된 간질성폐질환군과 서울아산병원에서 모집한 정상군을 대상으로 하여 정상예측식으로 두 식을 각각 적용하였을 때 폐확산능 해석의 정확도를 비교하였고, 두 식이 차이가 나는지 맥니머의 카이스퀘어 검정을 하였다. 결과: 1. 임상적 판단과의 일치도 비교; 276명을 임상정보를 토대로 폐확산능을 예측하여 분류한 결과 정상 54명, 감소 220명, 불분명이 2명이었다. 예측식으로 박 식과 Burrows 식을 적용하였을 때 임상적 판단과 일치하는 환자는 각각 78%와 22%이었다(p<0.001). 2. 간질성폐질환 진단의 정확성 비교; 박 식은 민감도 90.1%, 특이도 100%이었고 Burrows 식은 민감도 64.2%, 특이도 100%로 민감도가 통계학적으로 유의하게 박 식이 높았다(p<0.001). 결론: 우리나라 정상예측식인 박 식이 외국 정상예측식인 Burrows 식을 정상예측식으로 적용하는 것보다 임상적 유용성이나 간질성폐질환 진단의 민감도에서 더 우월하였다. 향후 폐확산능검사의 정상예측식으로 박 식을 사용해야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Park et al. developed the Korean reference equation for the measurement of diffusing capacity in 1985. However, the equation has not been widely used in Korea and foreign reference equations have been popularly used. We intended to compare the clinical usefulness and the accuracy of the the Korean reference equation (Park`s equation) with that of the foreign equation (Burrows` equation) that is commonly used in Korea. Methods: 1. Evaluation of clinical usefulness; Among 1,584 patients who underwent diffusing capacity (DLCO) at the Asan Medical Center from July to December 2006, group A subjects included 276 patients who had different interpretations of DLCO in trials employing Burrows` equation and Park`s equation. Clinical assessment was decided by consensus of two respiratory physicians. In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Burrows` equation and Park`s equation, agreement of clinical assessment and DLCO interpretation were measured. 2. Evaluation of accuracy; Group B subjects were 81 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and 39 normal subjects. The 81 ILD patients were diagnosed following a surgical lung biopsy. The accuracy of diagnosing ILD as well as sensitivity and specificity were evaluated according to the use of the reference equations (Burrows` equation and Park`s equation) for DLCO. Results: Agreement between clinical assessment and interpretation of DLCO was 22% for the use of Burrows` equation and 78% for the use of Park`s equation. The sensitivity and specificity of the Burrows` equation for diagnosing ILD were 64.2% and 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of the Park`s equation for diagnosing ILD were 90.1% and 100%. The sensitivity of the Park`s equation for diagnosing ILD was significantly higher than that of Burrows` equation (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Korean reference equation (Park`s equation) was more clinically useful and had higher sensitivity for diagnosing ILD than the foreign reference equation (Burrows` equation). (Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;64:80-86)

Taxonomic study of genus Ypsolopha (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae) from Korea

Sol-Moon Na,Bo-sun Park,Dong-June Lee,Yang-Seop Bae 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

The genus Ypsolopha Latreille 1796, belongs to the family Ypsolophidae, small to medium sized micro-moth, with more than 140 described species around the world. More than 70% of the species are described from the Palearctic and Oriental Regions (Jin et al., 2013). Major taxonomic study of Ypsolopha carried out by following scholars. In the end of 18th to early of 20th century, Fabricius (1798), Hübner (1826), Agassiz (1846), Walshingham (1881, 1889), Busck(1903, 1906) and Meyrick (1914-1937). Furthermore, Moriuti (1964, 1977) studied total 17 Japanese Ypsolopha species and he divided 3 groups which based on fore- and hind- wing venations and shape of labial palpus. The first systematic study of the genus Ypsolopha carried out by K. T. Park (1983), discovered with four species, Ypsolopha blandella (Christoph), Y. yasudai Moriuti, Y. strigosa (Butler), Y. acuminata (Butler) in ‘Illustrated Flora & Fauna of Korea vol. 27 Insecta (Ⅸ)’ and ‘Check List of Insects from Korea’. After than, Ypsolopha longa Moriuti was discovered by Jeong et al.(1995). In 2001, Byun and Park, they described new species, Ypsolopha nigrimaculata Byun and Park. At the same time, Byun and Bae reported 3 newly recorded species; Y. cristata Moriuti, Y. japonica Moriuti, Y. parenthesella (Linnaeus). Up to date, 14 species have been recorded from Korea by Sohn (2010, 2011) with Y. amoenella (Christoph), Y. asperella (Linnaeus), Y. contractella (Caradja) and Y. acerella (Ponomarenko and Sohn). In the present study, we identified 14 species belonging to the genus, with some unidentified species. The materials examined come from the collection of Incheon National University.

Geosynchronous Magnetic Field Response to Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure

Park, Jong-Sun,Kim, Khan-Hyuk,Lee, Dong-Hun,Lee, En-Sang,Jin, Ho 한국우주과학회 2011 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.28 No.1

The present study examines the morning-afternoon asymmetry of the geosynchronous magnetic field strength on the dayside (magnetic local time [MLT] = 06:00~18:00) using observations by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) over a period of 9 years from February 1998 to January 2007. During geomagnetically quiet time (Kp < 3), we observed that a peak of the magnetic field strength is skewed toward the earlier local times (11:07~11:37 MLT) with respect to local noon and that the geosynchronous field strength is larger in the morning sector than in the afternoon sector. That is, there is the morning-afternoon asymmetry of the geosynchronous magnetic field strength. Using solar wind data, it is confirmed that the morning-afternoon asymmetry is not associated with the aberration effect due to the orbital motion of the Earth about the Sun. We found that the peak location of the magnetic field strength is shifted toward the earlier local times as the ratio of the magnetic field strength at MLT = 18 (B-dusk) to the magnetic field strength at MLT = 06 (B-dawn) is decreasing. It is also found that the dawn-dusk magnetic field median ratio, B-dusk/B-dawn, is decreasing as the solar wind dynamic pressure is increasing. The morning-afternoon asymmetry of the magnetic field strength appears in Tsyganenko geomagnetic field model (TS-04 model) when the partial ring current is included in TS- 04 model. Unlike our observations, however, TS-04 model shows that the peak location of the magnetic field strength is shifted toward local noon as the solar wind dynamic pressure grows in magnitude. This may be due to that the symmetric magnetic field associated with the magnetopause current, strongly affected by the solar wind dynamic pressure, increases. However, the partial ring current is not affected as much as the magnetopause current by the solar wind dynamic pressure in TS-04 model. Thus, our observations suggest that the contribution of the partial ring current at geosynchronous orbit is much larger than that expected from TS-04 model as the solar wind dynamic pressure increases.

DTMF 신호를 이용한 전자 보안 시스템

이병수,이순흠,박동규,이동원,이선휘,황유동 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 1999 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.5 No.2

we have developed cost-effective effectronic security system. The system is superior to the day-time alert system which is currently used for banks in Choongchung Province. The system can monitor 512 banks and inform the police of emergency state and its related informations. The developed svstem is under field test at a police station in Choongchung Province.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

한국 전통장류가 한우 반힘줄모양근(M. Semitendinosus)으로 제조한 건염햄의 육질 특성에 미치는 영향

성필남,조수현,강근호,김동훈,박범영,강선문,박경미,Seong, Pil-Nam,Cho, Soo-Hyun,Kang, Geun-Ho,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Park, Beom-Young,Kang, Sun-Moon,Park, Kyoung-Mi 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.6

This study was conducted to develop a processing method for dry-curing beef ham with Korean traditional sauces and to investigate the quality properties of the dry-cured beef hams. Semitendinosus muscle from Hanwoo was spread with sundried salt (C), sun-dried salt mixed with red pepper paste (T1), and sun-dried salt mixed with soybean paste (T2), and inserted into washed Hanwoo large intestine. It was then dried and fermented for 75 d. Moisture contents of the hams were 46-48%, without any significant differences. T1 showed the lowest pH among the three dry-cured hams, while water holding capacity (WHC) of T2 was found the lowest (p<0.05). In mechanical color determination, C showed higher CIE $a^*$ and CIE $b^*$ than T1 and T2 (p<0.05), however CIE $L^*$ did not show any significant difference. In texture, T1 demonstrated significantly lower springiness than C (p<0.05). The sensory properties of all dry-cured hams did not show any significant difference, but T1 indicated a higher taste, saltiness and overall acceptability than others, whereas C gathered the highest score in color and flavor. In conclusion, the dry-curing by combination of sun-dried salt mixed with red pepper sauce (T1) showed higher quality properties of the Hanwoo dry-cured ham. 우리나라 전통장류를 건염햄 제조에 접목한 건염햄의 제품을 개발하기 위해 염지과정에서 첨가한 고추장과 된장이 건염햄 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 천일염(C), 천일염+고추장(T1), 천일염+된장(T2)을 한우의 반힘줄모양근(m.emitendinosus)의 표면에 골고루 발라주고 세척한 한우 대장에 충진한 후 75일 동안 건조 및 발효시켰다. 한우 반힘줄모양근 건염햄 품질을 조사한 결과, 건염햄 수분함량은 46.45-48.04% 수준으로 유의적인 차이는 없었다. T1은 모든 처리구 중에서 pH가 가장 낮았고 T2는 WHC가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 기계적 육색 측정에서 C가 $a^*$와 $b^*$가 전통장류 처리(T1, T2)보다 높았으나(p<0.05), $L^*$은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 조직감에서 T1은 C보다 탄력성이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 관능평가 결과 모든 처리구에서 유의적인 차이가 없었고 C는 제품색과 향미가 높은 점수를 받은데 반해, T1은 높은 맛, 짠맛, 그리고 전체적 기호도가 다른 처리구에 비해 높았다.

근적외선을 이용한 두개강내 혈종의 진단

박정율,홍기선,김상대,김세훈,임동준,조태형 대한체열학회 2003 대한체열진단학회지 Vol.3 No.1

한국인의 아동학대에 대한 태도

박현선,이현정,안동현 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.4

목 적 : 아동학대에 관한 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 왔으나, 학대의 개념과 정의를 규정함에 있어서 혼란이 초래되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 일반 인구 집단과 전문가 집단을 광범위하게 표집하고, 학대 행위뿐 아니라 행위의 주체자, 피학자 특성, 동기, 결과, 행위의 정당성 등을 포함하는 사례를 개발하여 이들을 다차원적으로 고려한 구정을 마련하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 저자들이 고안한 사례를 제시하는 형태의 설문지를 405명의 일반 인구 집단, 125명의 전문가 집단을 대상으로 조사하였다. 사례는 6개의 신체학대, 3개의 방임, 5개의 정서 학대를 제시하였고, 각 사례에 대해 학대 여부, 허용 여부, 판단 근거의 세 차원을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 첫째, 대체적으로 학대로 규정하는 비율은 높았는데 전문가 집단이 좀 더 높은 비율을 나타내었다. 둘째, 혼육이 동기가 되었던 사례에서는 두 집단이 거의 동일하게 낮은 비율로 학대로 규정하였다. 세째, 허용도에 있어서는 덜 일관된 경향을 보이는데, 앞에서와 마찬가지로 훈육이 목적일 때는 비교적 허용적이었으며, 전문가 집단에서 일반 인구 집단보다 더 높게 허용되고 있다고 응답하였다. 네째, 방임과 정서적 학대가 비교적 높게 학대로 규정되고 있고, 또한 허용될 수 없다고 보는 견해가 매우 높았다. 토 의 : 기존의 연구들이 주로 신체 학대에 한정된 경향이 높았는데 앞으로는 적극적으로 방임과 정서 학대를 포함할 필요가 있다. 또한 신체 학대에서 훈육=체벌=학대의 관점에서 체벌 금지와 같은 주장은 더욱 설득력이 없을 것으로 여겨진다. 따라서 학대 행위를 규정함에 있어서 행위의 결과나 행위 자체뿐 아니라, 동기, 정당성 등이 매우 중요하게 고려되어야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 학대의 규정과 혀용적인 태도의 이중성인데, 이는 실제 학대의 예방과 대책에서 매우 중요한 문제가 되므로 이 같은 이중적인 태도에 대한 더 많은 연구와 이해가 필요하겠다. Objective : Child abuse is not an uncommon occurrence in Korea. Despite the significant progression the child abuse study suffers from methodological difficultes including that child abuse has never been adequately or reliably defined. Therefore, authors surveyed the attitudes toward child abuse and defined the concept of child abuse more reliably. Methods : We used the survey questionnaire with the vignette based on clinical cases. The survey included 405 persons in general population living in Seoul and 125 professional personnel engaged in child welfare business. The survey was done by trained university students of social welfare. Questionnaire composed of 14 vignettes(6 physical abuse cases ; 3 neglect cases ; five emotional abuse cases). Each vignette contained 3 items composed of decisiveness and permissiveness of child abuse and the rationale about the determination of the abuse. Results : First, the irrational rationale for parental behavior or very serious inflictions and injury on child were usually considered as abusive behavior. However, parents or teacher may be often allowed to inflict abuse upon the children for the correction or discipline. Second, neglect in considered as an unaccepatable serious child abuse at a high rate. Third, the most important factor determining the criteria of the abuse, was the motivation for discipline. At that times procedure or injury can be ignored. Fourth, some vignettes were considered as abusive but permissible. This discrepancy between concept and acceptance were not unpredictied but notable. Professional group had higher rates of abuse, but was permissive than general population group. Both of general population and professional groups showed similar patterns in other parts. Conclusion : We suggests that the definition of child abuse should include the neglect and emotional abuse as well as physical abuse or battering(or corporal punishment) despite of the methodological difficulties. Several factors including the motivation for discipline should be considered in the definition, and the discrepancy between concept and acceptance of child abuse also need to be considered.

한국 장애인체육 발전을 위한 증진 방안

박준동,신동철,김순금,김부환 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 2003 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find ways of promoting and developing sports for the disabled in Korea. For the purpose, this researcher made a literature research about the matter, and proposed the following ways of promoting such sports. 1. Change in competent authorities of sports for the disabled 2. The supplementation, enactment and revision of laws applicable to sports for the disabled 3. Improvement in the social recognition of disabled persons and sports for the disabled and increased participation in such sports 4. The expansion and increased use of facilities of sports for the disabled and the development of supplementary convenience facilities 5. Increase in administrative and financial supports to bodies of sports for the disabled 6. The training and increased allotment of instructors of sports for the disabled 7. The development and active distribution of special sport programs 8. The promotion of sport events for the disabled and the training of professional disabled players 9. Strengthening of systems of the information of sports for the disabled 10. Promotion of special school sports

PECVD로 제작한 수소화된 비정질 탄소(a-C:H) 박막의 광학적에너지 갭과 전기전도도

박혁렬,이석호,오동선,홍선화 木浦大學校基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon(a-C:H) films were deposited onto glass or Si-wafer substrate from CH₄ gas by using PECVD(plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) method. The films were deposited at various substrate temperatures and two different position of the substrate. The optical and electrical properties of the deposited films were characterized by measuring such as UV/VIS transmission spectrum, FTIR absorption spectrum and dark electrical conductivity. We found a decreased in deposition rate and optical energy gap as the substrate temperature was increased. The deposition rate was increased for the films deposited at IS(ion-sheath) region than at BP(bulk-plasma) region, while the optical energy gap was increased for the films deposited at BP than at IS region. We obtained a very hard diamond-like-carbon(DLC) films at IS region and in optimal substrate temperature. The films showed a thermally activated conduction with an activation energy of about 0.24 eV above 400 K, while a variable range hopping conduction below about 400 K.