한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

고지방식이 운동후 글리코겐과 혈액성분 및 지구성 운동능력에 미치는 영향

정진원,강희석 한국운동영양학회 2000 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.4 No.2

It is well known that high fat diet enhances using of fatty acids during the last stage of endurance exercise. But effects of high fat diet administration on endurance exercise were not well documented. At this point of view, we ingested intralipose and a high fat diet in rats to increase fatty acids utilization during endurance exercise performance. Thirty male Sprague-Dauley rats were chosen as the subjects in this experiment. These subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of diet protocols as follows : ① normal diet(carbohydrates 58%, proteins 23.8%, lipids 8%, and others), ② high fat diet(carbohydrates 45%, proteins 25%, lipids 30%). And in high fat diet group, intralipose was ingested before exercise. Endurance exercises on the basis of Bruce protocol were applied to the groups. Serum glucose, lactic acid, FFA, TG, cholesterol concentration were analyzed. Liver, soleus and gastrocnemius white muscle glycogen contents were determined and endurance exercise time was measured. As a result of experiment, high fat diet group was decreased less than normal diet group in serum glucose concentration and in liver, soleus and gastronemius white muscle glycogen contents. On the other hand, serum FFA and TG concentration were increased more high fat diet group than nomal diet group, and serum lactic acid concentration were increased less high fat diet group than normal diet group. And endurance exercise time was increased after a single high fat diet. In conclusion, even though a single high fat diet, glycogen-sparing effect in rats was occurred.

다문화교육에 대한 대구·경북지역 중등학교 국어·사회과 교사의 인식 비교 연구

정진홍,강운선 大邱大學校 師範大學 附設 敎育硏究所 2009 學校敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 대구․경북 지역의 사회과 교사와 국어과 교사는 다문화 교육에 대한 인식과 이해의 정도에서 차이가 있음을 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위하여 다문화교육에 관한 선행연구를 고찰하여 다문화 교육의 목표와 다문화 교육에 대하여 교사들이 취할 수 있는 다양한 관점 등을 정리하고, 그것에 근거하여 설문지를 구성하였다. 설문지는 우편과 온라인의 방법으로 배부하였으며, 169부의 설문지가 분석 대상으로 활용되었다. 다문화교육 이해도와 다문화교육 목표에 대한 관점의 차이를 검증하기 위해 t-test, 분산분석(ANOVA)을 활용하였다. 분석 결과는 국어 교사와 사회과 교사의 다문화교육 이해도에서는 차이가 없었으며, 다문화교육 목표에 대한 관점에서도 오히려 국어 교사가 더 배려적인 것으로 조사되었다. The objective of this study was to examine the degree of understanding and perspective on multicultural education of secondary school Korean and social studies teachers in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk region. In order to achieve the goal of this study, I set the following hypotheses: 1) Social studies teachers will have a higher degree of understanding for multicultural education than Korean teachers; 2) Social studies teachers sided more with the goal of consideration type multicultural education compared to Korean teachers. In order to verify the above-mentioned hypotheses, this study implemented verification and analysis procedure using statistics processing program (SPSS 14.0). In order to examine teachers' characteristics, the degree of understanding for multicultural education, and frequency of the perspectives on the goal of multicultural education, I utilized frequency analysis. In order to verify the reliability of the measurement method, I implemented verification by using Cronbach’s Alpha. In addition, in order to verify the difference of the degree of understanding for multicultural education and perspectives on multicultural education goal according to teachers' census statistical characteristics, I utilized t-test and ANOVA. Therefore, I came up with the following analysis results: First, most of the respondents had heard of multicultural education and understood the concept of multicultural families, however a few teachers understood "negatively" by answering that multicultural education is education for encouraging students from multicultural families, education about minority group cultures, and alternate curriculum for current curriculum, which is for students from multicultural families. Second, respondents answered that they do not agree that multicultural education is for minority groups to give up their mother tongue and culture and accept the mainstream society's culture in order to live in the mainstream society, Third, as a result of the hypotheses verification, Hypothesis 1 and 2 was rejected.

V形 電力 MOSFETs를 形用한 스윗칭 電原 設計 및 特性 解析

姜廷震 건국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.29 No.2

This paper described the design and manufacture of a switching Regulator using vertical power MOSFETS which was suitable for a high speed and high frequency. The operating characteristics of a power MOSFET & Switching Regulator were studied and it was also shown that a power MOSFET was superior to a Bipolar power Transistor in switching characteristics. Te immunize the surge and noise voltage, the Snubber Circuits in parallel with the diode were used. The waveforms of Switching part, Power Control Part, etc.... were observed and analyzed. As the result. 1) A Switching Regulator operated at 320KHz high frequeney and its efficieney was 72.4 (%). 2) The RC optimum values of Sunbber circuit, Resistance 5.6 [Ω] and Capacitance 4,700 [PF] were selected and the ripple voltage was 124 [mV]. 3) Finally, the problems and improvement methods followed the operation of a high frequency were presented.

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

구강점막 부착용 케토프로펜 고분자 필름의 제조 및 평가

박진석,이상은,강봉석,이경록,이은주,박정숙 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2014 藥學論文集 Vol.29 No.-

Abstract – The objective of this study was to prepare ketoprofen-loaded buccal adhesive patch. The adhesive patch was formulated by casting method using aqueous soluble polymer povidone K17 (PVP 17PF) as film-forming agent and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as adhesive agent. To compare the effect of HPMC type, different molecular weight of K4M and K15M HPMC was used. The physicochemical properties of patches such as appearance, thickness, in vitro release, and adhesiveness were investigated. The concentration of ketoprofen was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 233 nm. The appearance of prepared patches was semi-transparent, light-yellow or almost colorless, and odorless. Thickness of each patches (n=6) was 0.895 ± 0.033 mm for K4M patch and 0.727 ± 0.036 mm for K15M patch. In vitro release test, both K4M and K15M patches showed over 20% release within 30 min. At 120 min, K4M and K15M patches demonstrated 95% and 67.5% release of ketoprofen, respectively, and up to 240 min, both patches released drug completely. Maximum adhesive force of K4M and K15M patches was 6.571 ± 2.703 gf and 2.735 ± 1.151 gf, respectively. Moreover, it took 28.29 ± 0.38 sec and 28.30 ± 0.34 sec for K4M and K15M patch to peel off them after adhesion, showing no significant difference. In conclusion, thickness, in vitro release, and maximum adhesive force could be modulated by alteration of polymer types.

교정적 치아정출술(forced eruption) 후 치아수복

강희영,김수미,정진호 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2003 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.27 No.1

Forced eruption means intentional extrusion of tooth by application of continuous, weak force on the tooth. we can use this technique to restore a tooth which has subgingivally crown and root fracture, caries, perforations, external and internal resorption etc. There are several advantages that forced eruption provides relative to surgical crown lengthening. The procedure improved crown-root ratio, not sacrifice the supporting bone of adjacent teeth, reduced or eliminate of surgical treatment phase and improved esthetics of the final restoration. But contraindications to forced eruption include inadequate crown-root ratio, insufficient occlusal clearance for the desired amount of extrusion, improper tooth axis, furcation involvement, periodontal complication. Correctly chosen, forced eruption allows the tooth to restore crown successfully and maintain its individual integrity while contributing to esthetic and function. The purpose of this case is to report successful tooth restoration using forced eruption in case of subgingival caries and root fracture.

관상동맥질환 환자에서 스텐트 시술 후 재협착에 관한 연구

강진환,권영주,박상호,한대희,이상철,김명구,변정득,최병조,심규혁,온영근,현민수,김성구 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

Background and aims : In the coronary artery disease, a rate of restenosis was much decreased by placement of coronary stent than when percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has been applied, but there are still important clinical problems of restenosis. There has been many progressive studies about various factors contributed to this restenosis. So, we studied a relation between restenosis after placement of coronary stent in the coronary artery disease and many clinical factors, characteristics of stenotic lesion and procedural factors, and also assessed the restenosis rate of various coronary stents. Methods : Total 58 lesions(46 cases of patients ; man 30, woman 16) were evaluated, which has been performed a follow-up coronary angiography after 6 months (mean 188 days) since coronary stent had been placed. Various stents were implanted and assessed a relation between restenosis and many factors. Results : Of 58 lesions were target stenotic studies, there were 22 of restenotic lesions(37.9%), and the restenosis rate wes statistically significant difference in the relation with diabetes mellitus(p<0.05), group of acute myocardial infarction(p<0.05) among clinical diagnosis of ischemic heart disease(stable angina, unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction) in clinical factors and with high dilation pressure of stent(p<0.05) in procedural factors. When the rate of restenosis was evaluated among implanted stents, it was lowest in the Multilink^(®) stent and highest in the Nir Royal^(®) stent(60%). Conclusion : In this study of restenosis and various factors after placement of stents in the coronary artety disease, factors such as diabetes mellitus, group of acute myocardial infarction and a dilation pressure of stent were significant related with restenosis and the restenosis rate of Multilink^(®) stent was lowest and the highest restenosis rate was of Nir Royal^(®) stent.

중등학교 현장 물리교육의 현황과 개선방안

강정우,고영옥,강성진,김규용,박규은 濟州大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1996 科學敎育 Vol.13 No.-

To investigete the obstacles of developing physics education in secondary schools and the countermeasure in present situtation, I distributed subject - description style answer sheets to middle & high school teachers in Cheju, which consist of 28 detail subjects under the big 8 themes. The recovery rate is 75%, and now I'm describing the result. According to the themes, total frequency is like this : Derection of Physics Leaming(412), Administration of Physics Facilities and Other Elements(298), Administration of Physics Education(268), Contents of Text( 183), Events of Science(163), Guiding of Students(l23), Grade and Evaluation of Students(101), 6th Education Cumculum(86). It suggests as the improvement that experiment training for teachers be reinforced, programs about new physicse teaching menthod be introduced, teachers try to motivate the students in class, teaching material for students?advanced learning be developed, usage of teaching material be presented, qualified experiment assistant be arranged and no less than two laboratories be provided by school unit and hours of teaching on physics teacher lessen. Besides, science events need to be held for every student by school unit, which should be eximined about when and how they would be he held.