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백두산 화산활동 평가를 위한 화산가스 및 온천수에 대한 연구
이상철,윤성효,Lee, Sangchul,Yun, Sung-Hyo 대한자원환경지질학회 2017 자원환경지질 Vol.50 No.2
본 연구에서는 2015년 7월부터 2016년 8월까지 백두산 주롱 온천 지역에서 화산가스 및 온천수를 채취하여 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 이전 연구(Lee et al. 2014)에서 보고된 온천수의 측정값 중 $HCO_3{^-}$ 농도에 오류가 있음을 확인하고, 이를 개선하고자 했다. 온천수의 용존 $CO_2$는 이전 연구에서는 가스 크로마토그래프를 이용하여 분석하였지만, 이를 개선하여 2015년부터 TOC-IC를 이용하여 분석을 실시했다. 또한, 여러 농도의 $Na_2CO_3$ 표준 시료를 GC로 분석하여, 실제 농도와 표준시료 사이의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 그리고 이를 토대로 2014년 온천수의 용존 $CO_2$ 농도를 추정하고자 했지만, 실제 주롱(Julong) 온천 주변의 물을 채취하여 GC로 분석했을 때는 이 상관관계가 잘 적용되지 않아서 2014년 온천수의 용존 $CO_2$ 농도를 추정할 수가 없었다. 연구기간 동안 화산가스 내 $CO_2/CH_4$의 농도는 꾸준히 감소하였는데, 이에 대하여 두 가지 해석이 가능하다. 첫 번째는 화산체 내부의 환경이 조금 더 환원환경에 가까워져 상대적으로 화산가스 내 탄소가 $CO_2$ 보다는 $CH_4$ 또는 CO로 분배되기 유리해 진 것이다. 두 번째 가능성은 화산가스와 물의 상호작용이 강화되어 물에 대한 용해도가 훨씬 높은 $CO_2$의 농도가 상대적으로 감소한 것이다. 일반적으로 화산가스가 물에 희석되는 현상(scrubbing)의 영향은 화산활동이 활발한 시기보다는 잠잠한 시기에 강화된다. 한편, 온천수의 분석은 화산가스 연구에서 중요한 산성기체 성분의 음이온들과 주요 양이온, 그리고 Cd, Re, As에 대해 이루어졌다. This study performed the analysis on the volcanic gases and hot spring waters from the Julong hot spring at Mt. Baekdu during the period from July 2015 to August 2016. Also, we confirmed the errors that $HCO_3{^-}$ concentrations of hot spring waters in the previous study (Lee et al. 2014) and tried to improve the problem. Dissolved $CO_2$ in hot spring waters was analyzed using gas chromatograph in Lee et al. (2014). Improving this, from 2015, we used TOC-IC to analysis dissolved $CO_2$. Also, we analyzed the $Na_2CO_3$ standard solutions of different concentrations using GC, and confirmed the correlation between the analytical concentrations and the real concentrations. However, because the analytical results of Julong hot spring water were in discord with the estimated values based on this correlation, we can't estimate the $HCO_3{^-}$ concentrations of 2014 samples. During the period of study, $CO_2/CH_4$ in volcanic gases are gradually decreased, and this can be interpreted in two different ways. The first interpretation is that the conditions inside the volcanic edifice are changing into more reduction conditions, and carbon in volcanic gases become more favorable to distribute into $CH_4$ or CO than $CO_2$. The second interpretation is that the interaction between volcanic gases and water becomes greater than past, and the concentrations of $CO_2$ which have much higher solubility in water decreased, relatively. In general, the effect of scrubbing of volcanic gas is strengthened during the quiet periods of volcanic activity rather than active periods. Meanwhile, the analysis of hot spring waters was done on the anion of acidic gases species, the major cation, and some trace elements (As, Cd, Re).
이상철,김수식 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1985 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.23 No.8
In order to find out the formation procedures and the serves of morphology for aluminum nitride by the vapor phase reaction, the experiments have been carried out in the temperature range of 200-1500℃ and the various pressures. The reaction products and thermal decomposited powders in the various temperatures and pressures have been thoroughly investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. Sphere shaped A1N was formed from 600℃, whereas whisker-shaped and rod-shaped A1N crystals were obtained in more than 1000℃ in the vapor phase reaction. For aluminum nitride powders, the growth of crystal was accelerated at constant pressure of 4.9 KPa. A1N formed by these reaction is changed gradually into sphere, plumule, and rod-shaped with increasing temperature.
李相哲 陸軍士官學校 1984 한국군사학논집 Vol.27 No.-
The principle of constitutional administration is fundamental principles of constitutionalism in some respects that the excercise of national power execute th-rough the administrative function and that is the necessary principle for security of human rights. The modern welfare nation has a tendency to expand the boundaries of ad-ministrative action and to specialize and technicalize in the administrative functio-nal aspect. Therefore consititutionalism has changed in the application. In spite of changing, the rights and freedom of general public have to be se-cure against the arbitrariness of administrative power. According to this points administrative litigation is being stressed as the mea-ns of securing the rights of general public in the existing law. The person whose rights and interests have been infringed upon because of the illegal or unjust disposition made by an administrative office may institute an appeal accordance with the code of administrative litigation and make repar-action for the injury. But, it is necessary much and expense to secure the rights of general public by administrative litigation, thus what kind of provisional remedy is requested to get to conclusion of administrative litigation. The provisional remedy in the scope of administrative litigation can be devid-ed in two categories. The one is the problem of suspension of execution, the other is the problem of application of provisional disposition rules of civil procedure. In deutchland, they are based on the principle of suspension of execution and they also prescrive provisional order like the provisional disposition rules of civil procedure. But the exitsiting code of administrative litigation are based on the principle of non-suspension of execution and provisional disposition can not be adopted in administrative litigation. In the light of that, the prothection of the rights of general public seems neg-lected. Come to think of it is recomendable that as is the case with deutchland the code of administrative litigation of korea have to legisrate suspension of ex-ecution and provisional order.