방사선 처리에 의한 폴리비닐 알콜의 생분해도 개선

정진호,박남용,조훈제,이선미,김정규 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Radiation treatment with gamma-rays and electron-beams was used to remove polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), one of the main components of dyeing wastewater. PVA was effectively decomposed by radiation treatment, thus the removal was near 100% at an initial PVA concentration of 44 ㎎/L. However, total organic carbon(TOC) removal was less than 5% due to lower transformation of PVA to CO₂. This directly indicates the radiation treatment alone is not appropriate for the complete decomposition of PVA. In this sense, the improvement of biodegradability(BOD_5/COD) of PVA by radiation treatment was studied. Both gamma-ray and electron-beam treatments significantly increased the biodegradability of PVA by transforming non-biodegradable PVA to biodegradable by-products. This suggests radiation treatment, especially electron-beam treatment that showed better improvement of biodegradability, can be used as a pre-treatment of biological degradation process of PVA.

진입장벽 요인이 향후 투자에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 러시아 제조업 부문에 대한 투자를 중심으로

정헌주,황윤섭,,김희종 서울대학교 러시아연구소 2006 러시아연구 Vol.16 No.1

Any market has its own entry barriers to foreign firms. In this reason, foreign firms. who are entering to a foreign market, must have internal competence which can contribute to overcome the entry barriers and have the capability for adjusting to external environment of foreign market. In this paper we analyzed the rate of entry barriers of external environment of Russian market when Korean firms entering into Russia. In this paper we segmented the external environment that affects to foreign firms as entry barriers such as competitive, socio-cultural, and political-legal environment and analyzed the rate of barriers induced from these environmental factors to foreign firms. The applied method is correlation and multiple regression analysis. The result of empirical analysis is a follows: The competitive environment of local(Russian) market dose not affect to Korean firms as an entry barrier. The local socio-cultural environment, however, significantly affect to foreign firms as entry barrier and negatively affect to sequential entry to sequential entry of Korean firms, and among sub-factors hierarchical behavior of governmental workers, in particular, raises unstability and uncertainty of external environment and negatively affects to Korean firms' investment in the future.

人工湖를 利用한 淡水魚類(Blugill sunfish-Lepomis macrochirus macrochirus Rafiusesque)의 養殖에 關한 硏究

孫賢秀,曺鍾澤,韓熙世,裵泰雄 東亞大學校 1972 東亞論叢 Vol.9 No.-

本試驗은 九德貯水池의 環境要因 調査와 Blue gill sunfish의 粗放的 養殖試驗과 新農藥이 淡水魚類에 미치는 영향등을 調査하였던 바 얻어진 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 試驗Ⅰ. 九德 貯水池의 環境要因 調査 1. 營養鹽과 水溫, pH, 透明度 等을 調査하여 試驗池의 生産力에 對하여 究明하였다. 2. 調査期間동안 水溫은 13.0℃∼27.0℃ 였으며 透明度는 40cm∼130cm, pH는 6.8∼8.0 溶存酸素 5.4cc/l∼7.9cc/l를 나타냈다. 3. 營養鹽에 있어서는 全窒素量과 全憐酸鹽은 plankton 生産에 充分한 量이 溶存되어 있으며 腐食性 營養湖에 해당되었다. 특히 규산염은 댜른 湖沼에 比해 대단히 높은 量的分布를 보였다. 4. phyto plankton은 17種이 出現하였으며 Ulthrix, Fragilaria, Desmipseud, Pediastrum 等이 量的 우세를 보였다. 5. Zooplankton은 Crustacea 幼生을 除外하고 15種이 出現하였으며, Cyclops Branchionus, Daphnia Eudiaptomus 等이 우세하였다. 試驗Ⅱ Blue gill sunfish의 粗放的 養殖試驗 1. Blue gill sunfish의 調査期間동안 增重量은 平均 7.64g 이었으며 잉어는 18.8g의 增重量을 나타냈다. 2. Blue gill의全長 및 體高의 比는 1 : 2.6∼2.8로써 餌料를 준 試料를 준 試驗과의 差異는 없었다. 3. 粗放的 養殖試驗의 結果 Blue gill sunfish는 二年魚가 飼育試驗한 1年魚의 約1/2에 가까운 增重量을나타내어 天然餌料만으로 飼育試驗으로는 좋은 結果를 보였다. 試驗Ⅲ 毒性調査 1. Blue gill sunfish와 잉어 稚魚에 대한 新農藥의 영향을 조사하여, 供試魚種間이 感受性의 差異에 대하여 比較檢討하였다. 2. Blue gill sunfish가 잉어에 비하여 感受性이 높은 農藥은 Diazinon乳劑, Birlane乳劑, Saturn-S粒劑등이 였고. 3. 잉어가 Blue gill sunifish보다 높은 感受性을 나타낸 것은 Kasugamin乳劑, Blasticidine-S乳劑, Sevin 水和劑, Kitazin乳劑, Lasso乳劑등이였다. 4. Blue gill sunfish의 養殖上 극히 注意를 要하는 毒性이 강한 農藥과 48時間後의 TLm値를 보면 Diazinon乳劑…0.08ppm, EPN乳劑-0.9ppm, Birlane乳劑…0.005ppm, Saturn-S粒劑…0.5ppm였다. The following are some results obtained from a series of research environmental factors and experiments in Blue gill sunfish culture, and effect of the new agricultural pesticides on fresh water fishes. Experiment Ⅰ. Research of environmental factors in Ku Dork Reservoir The work has been done as one of the basic study to productivity of Ku Doek Reservoir in Busan. The range of the water temperature was 13.0℃∼27.0℃ and maximum temperature was shown in late August. The values of the disolved oxygen were 5.4cc/l∼7.9cc/l and pH range was 6.8∼8.0, and the range of transparency was 40cm∼130cm. Total amounts of nitrogen ion and phosphorus ion were very abundant, moreover Sio?-Si amounts was higher concentration than other reservoirs. Phytoplankton was observed 17 species and dominant species were Ulthrix, Fragilaria, Desmipseud and Pediastrum. Zooplankton was observed 15 species except Crustacea larva and dominant species were Cyclops, Branchionus, Daphnia and Eudiaptomus. Total numbers of the phytoplankton and zooplankton were proportional to temperature. Experiment Ⅱ. Realing Blue gill sunfish. The work wa conducted by rearling Blue gill sunfish and Carp in Ku Doek Reservoir. Bluegill sunfishes body weight were increased 7.64g per one individual number and Carps were increased 18.8g during experiment period. A ratio relatived to total length(cm) and body depth(cm) were 1 : 2.6∼2.8 in this culture and no differnce was convinced between this culture and artifical culture. Experiment Ⅲ. Effect of the new agricultural pesticides on fresh water fish TLm velues of the new agricultural pesticides on Bluegill sun fish and Carp was investigated. Blue gill sunfish was more sensitive than Carp in Diazinon(E.C), Birlane(E.C), Saturn-S(G). Carp was more sensitive than Blue gill sunfish in Kasugamin(E.C), Blasticidin-s (E.C), Sevin(W.P), Kitazin(E.C), Lasso(E.C). Higher toxic pesticides on Blue gill sunfish were Diazinon(E.C), E.P.N(E.C), Birlane(E.C), Saturn-S(G), TLm values(after 48 hours) of these pesticides on Bluegill sunfish was as follows; Diazinon……0.8ppm, E.P.N……0.9ppm Birlane……0.005ppm, Saturm-S……0.5ppm.

PCR과 SDS-PAGE를 이용한 젖산균의 분류

최동훈,이중림,민승기,박종환,김해영,조재선 慶熙大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Strain type of lactic acid bacteria was analysed by PCR and SDS-PAGE. PCR allows the rapid and specific detection of lactic acid bacteria using primers based on 16S rRNA gene-sequences. The analysis of protein pattern on SDS-PAGE can be used to determine the differences among the same or similar species of lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, the complementary use of PCR and SDS-PAGE method is one of simple way to classify the lactic acid bacteria and to compare with genetic analysis.

무기수은 투여에 의한 백서체내의 수은축적에 대한 연구

이정택,송근배,조광헌 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1993 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.10 No.2

44마리의 Sprague-Dawley계 자성백서를 제1대군 12마리, 제2대군 12마리 및 제3대군 20마리로 나누고 다시 각각의 대군을 실험 2주, 4주 및 6주의 소군으로 나누어 제1대군은 대조군으로 일반 식수를 투여하고 제2대군은 체중 100gm당 0.945mg의 염화수은을, 제3대군은 체중 100gm당 3.780mg의 염화수은을 최종 6주까지 위장관내 투여법으로 매일 투여한 후 각 실험당일 백서의 털, 전혈, 신장 및 간을 채취하여 이를 각각 산분해용기에서 분해시켜 원자흡광광도계를 본체로 한 atomic vapour accessory를 이용하여 각 조직 장기에 축적되는 수은의 양을 정량하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 제2 및 제3대군의 백서 털내의 수은함량은 대조군에 비해 2-4배 정도 높았다. 대조군 혈장내 수은 함량은 평균 0.09ppm(최저치 0.01ppm, 최고치 0.25ppm), 제2대군에서는 0.34ppm(최저치 0.09ppm, 최고치 0.61ppm) 및 제3대군에서는 0.76ppm(최저치 0.48ppm,최고치 1.06ppm)이었다. 신장은 체내 주요 장기중 수은의 주요 축적장기로 대조군의 평균 수은 함량은 0.16ppm(최저치 0.09ppm, 최고치 0.26ppm),제2대군에서는 60.98ppm(최저치 32.18ppm, 최고치 96.45ppm) 및 제3대군에서는 평균 102.45ppm(최저치 73.89ppm, 최고치 142.09ppm)이었다. 간내에 축적된 수은의 농도는 대조군, 제2대군 및 제3대군은 각각 0.06ppm, 2.46ppm, 3.46ppm으로 나타났다. 투여되는 수은량의 증가에 따라 각 신체 장기중에 축적되는 수은양의 상관관계를 알아본 결과 신장과 간에 축적되는 수은의 양 사이에는 상관계수가 r=0.8348로 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. The toxicity and accumulation of mercury compounds in dentistry has been an issue of interesting concern. Relatively few data were available concerning the relation between toxicity and accumulation of inorganic mercury in vivo. The purpose of the study was to investigate the accumulation of mercury in rat tissues following exposure to different volumes of mercurous chloride. For this study, 44 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into three large groups. The rats of Group I were supplied with a drinking water ad libitum, Grouop Ⅱ were fed 0.945mgHgCl_2 per 100gm of body weight and 3.780mg HgCl_2 per 100gm of body weight in Group Ⅲ. The rats were fed the mercurous chloride as solution type everyday via gastric lavage method for 2,4 and 6 weeks. The author collected the samples of hair, whole blood, kidney and liver and melted them in acid digestion bomb on the 2nd, 4th and 6th experimental week. The total mercury contents of hair, blood, kidney and liver were determined by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results obtained were as follows: The hair mercury contents of Group Ⅱ & Ⅲ were 2-4 times higher than that of the control . The mean mercury levels of whole blood were 0.09ppm(range 0.01-0.25) in control group, 0.34ppm(range 0.09-0.61) in Group Ⅱ and 0.76ppm (range 0.48-1.06) in Group Ⅲ during 6 weeks. The kidney was the main reservoir of mercury in body. The mean mercury levels of kidney were 0.16ppm(range 0.09-0.26) in control group, 60.98ppm(range 32.18-96.45) in Group Ⅱ and 102.45ppm(rang 73.89-142.09) in Group Ⅲ. There was significant difference of mercury content in kidney between groups(p<0.05). The mean mercury levels of liver throughout 6 weeks were 0.06, 2.46 and 3.46ppm in GroupⅠ, GroupⅡ and GroupⅢ, respectively. In control group, hair mercury content was the highest and kidney, whole blood, liver in descending order, but in GroupⅡ and Ⅲ, kidney mercury content was the highest and liver, hair, whole blood in descending order(p<0.05). There was significant correlationship between kidney mercury content and liver mercury content(r=0.8348, p<0.05), but there was no correlationship among the other samples.

탐촉자 시스템의 처짐과 응력해석

공용식,류봉조,정훈택,박홍원 한밭대학교 생산기반기술연구소 2001 생산기반기술연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

This paper deals with stress analysis and deflections for probe stage systems connected to semi-conductor apparatus. Most of the real probe stage systems are composed of three mechanical parts such as slider, X-base and Y-base. In order to calculate the maximum stress and deflection for probe stage systems, three-dimensional finite element model is applied. Numerical results are obtained by changing various design parameters related to the above three parts. Through the numerical simulation, optimal design shape satisfying von Mises yield criterion is presented. The analysis was performed by using commercial COSMOS/M FEA code.

측정값의 상황 의존성

김명석,최상돈,조상규,김정호,전헌무,김호일 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1998 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.22 No.-

We review the contextuality of measured values in quantum mechanics from point of view of a conventional interpretation of quantum mechanics. We will, in particular, concentrate on Bell-KS theorem which, seemingly, disproved the existence of a hidden-variable interpretation of quantum mechanics. We introduce ways to accommodate the contextuality so that Bell-Ks theorem no longer holds and therefore the existence of a hidden-variable interpretation becomes possible.

최적설계 기법을 적용한 1톤 운반차용 P.T.O축 및 트랜스미션 개발에 관한 기초연구

김재열,심재기,최승현,정효희,김훈조,오현중,박경섭 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Now, power tillers and cultivators which are spread among fruit tree households have usage, low application, and high accident risk. Therefore, the development of multi-purpose work vehicles is needed as an alternative for these problems. Especially, easy usage and the ability to easily change gears when driving and the development of the P.T.O for various tasks such as pruning, water lifting, pest control, application and, mowing are needed. In this research, we will develop a transmission with design on P.T.Oaxle for agricultural work vehicles including multi-purpose vehicles. We aim to develop a 4-wheel drive transmission of synchronous contact type for practical use in fruit tree households which is required to be a large-sized agricultural vehicle. Therefore, we have per performed as follows that are composed of load capacity from 500kg to 1,000kg, safety securing for passengers, and drive securing under bad conditions of the topography slope and swampy land and the rest. For this purpose, we have developed a prototype vehicle through strength analysis of transmission design. we have selected optimal design conditions (Optimal RPM and torque according to some works) on the power transmission with multi-purpose vehicle for various jobs: spraying, manure spreading, mowing, brush wood chopping. If development of the P.T.O containing variable RPM and torque is successful, the following tasks can be possible. Air pruning, air maintenance, water lift, pest control, application, mowing, spraying, and brush wood chopping are possible with this developed P.T.O. Methods and contents for research are followed. Therefore, we have achieved performance-tests through the prototype of the multi-purpose work vehicle and have improved on troubles by the analysis of results of R&D. Also, we provided solutions to problems in mass production in the future.

신경회로망에 의한 용접 결함 종류의 정량적인 자동인식 시스템 개발에 관한 연구

김재열,김영석,김병현,유신,김훈조,정진홍 한국공작기계학회 1997 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.6 No.1

A neural network approach has been developed to determine the depth of a surface breaking crack in a steel plate from ultrasonic backscattering data. The network is trained by the use of feedforward three-layered network together with a back-scattering algorithm for error correction. The signal used for crack insonification is a mode converted 70˚ transverse wave. A numerical analysis of back scattered field is carried out based on elastic wave theory, by the use of the boundary element method. The numerical data are calibrated by comparison with experimental data. The numerical analysis provides synthetic data for the training of the network. The training data have been calculated for cracks with specified increments of the crack depth. The performance of the network has been tested on other synthetic data and experimental data which are different form the training data.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.