한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

한국 주요정신장애의 유병률 및 관련요인 : 2006 전국정신질환역학조사

조맹제,장성만,함봉진,정인원,배안,이영문,안준호,원승희,손정우,홍진표,배재남,이동우,조성진,박종익,이준영,김진영,전홍진,이해우 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.3

Objectives The aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in the Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), and to compare those with previous studies. Methods The Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study Replication (KECA-R) was Conducted between August 2006 and April 2007. The sampling of the subjects was carried out across 12 catchment areas. A multistage, cluster sampling design was adopted. The target Population included all eligible residents aged 181o 64 years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI) based on the DSM-IV (N=6,510, response rate=81.7%). Results A total of 6,510 participants completed the interview. The lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates for all types of DSM-IV disorders were 30.0% and 17.3%, respectively. Those of Specific disorders were as follows : 1) alcohol use disorder, 16.2% and 5.6% ; 2) nicotine use disorder, 9.0% and 6.0% ; 3) specific phobia, 3.8% and 3.4% ; 4) major depressive disorder, 5.6% and 2.5% ; and 5) generalized anxiety disorder, 1.6% and 0.8%. Data relating to nicotine and alcohol use disorder revealed a very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among females than males. Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in the distribution of psychiatric disorders across the country and times were observed.

한국산 자초 적색소의 안정성에 관한 연구

이제헌,이희봉 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2003 農業科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

Stabihities to heat, pH, light were investigated about isolated red color pigment from the Korean Lithospermum erythrorhizon The extracted pigment, acetyshikonin was stable heating at 40~80℃ for 1~2 hours, but it was specially unstable on the storage above 55℃ The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable on the sunlight under the red and green filters but unstable under the yellow and blue filters The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under the pH of 4~8 but unstable under the pH above 10 The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under the KCI and NaCl at concentration of 10 ^1Mole. The pigment was very unstable under the CaCl_2, FeCl_3, CoCl_2, AlCl_3 and MnCl_2 at concentration of 10 ^1Mole. The red pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under citric acid and acetic acid at concentration of 1 Mole Especially, acetic acid was effective for the stability of the pigment

한국산 자초 적색소의 분리 및 확인

이제헌,오문헌,이희봉 한국식품영양학회 2000 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.13 No.4

한국산 자초 적색소의 추출조건과 적색소를 확인한 결과 자초에서 색소성분의 추출은 지용성 용제가 물에 비해서 추출력이 좋으며 특히 95% 에탄올이 적색소 추출에 효과적이었다. 적색소 성분의 추출은 침출 시간에 관계없이 비교적 고른 추출력을 보였으며 40℃이하에서 20분 정도 추출하면 적색소가 충분히 추출되었다. 한국산 자초뿌리의 적색소 성분을 분리하여, IR, NMR. GC/MS로 확인한 결과 대부분이 acetylshikonin으로 동정되었다. Conditions of isolation for the red color pigments from the Korean Lithospermum erythrorhizon were investigated and identification of the red pigment was analysed. Non-polar solvents were more effective than water. Especially, 95% ethanol was observed as optimum solvent for the pigments extraction. About 20 minutes at 40℃ with 95% ethanol was enough for the extraction of the red pigments. The major pigment was analysed as acetylshikonin by TLC, IR, NMR and GC/MS.

鮟鱇網 漁具 漁法의 改良에 관한 硏究(Ⅱ) : 展開帆을 이용한 改良漁具 試驗(豫報)

李吉來,宋之浩,朴鍾洙,徐萬錫,趙鳳坤,朴正鎬,洪聖根,鄭公炘,裵錫悌,鄭與基,金鎭乾 군산대학교 1980 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.1

Ordinarily stow net fisheries was used by floater beam and sinker beam for the purpose of spreading the mouth of net. But it was not only iuconvenient and dangerous but much defective. In this thesis, we have studied fundermental experiment of the improved stow net fishing gear using head rope, ground rope and otter sail instead of floater beam and sinker beam. From the result of this experiment, it has been succeeded for fishing work to achieve basically without any difficulty. The results obtained in this study were as follows. 1) The resistance of fishing gear was estimated R≒7V2 as possible as it is taken greatly. (R: Resistance V: the rate of current) 2) The interval of otter sail was spreaded smoothly. Being in normal condition, it was maintamed the width 37-38m. It was heared comparison with net mouth of ordinary gear, and the shearing force was enough. 3) The height of mouth was lower than we have anticipated to and seemed to have the supplement of buoyancy. But according to increasing the rate of current, the lowness of mouth height was little affected. 4) The height of otter sail was decreased at the rate of 30% by the rate of current, on the contrary, the height of wing was not decreased owing to sufficient buoyancy, 5) The adjustment of extention length of hanging wire(connected with fishing boat) and raising wire(with otter sail) was great important problem and it must be dealed with the most moderatly because of a corelation between the spreading of fishing gear and catching ability. 6) On the depth of 30m, it was taken 25 minuits to cast anchor and lines, 20 min cast net, 24 min haul net, 45 min haul lines and heave anchor, respectively. 7) The improved stow net with otter sail was cleared up the defects and difficult problems in ordinary gear using floater beam and sinker beam, and it have more advantages of fishing work than ordinary one. But there were involved in lots of problems in details to solve in the future.

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

일 장기 수용시설 노인들의 인지기능장애와 우울증상의 유병율

조맹제,함봉진,이부영,김성윤,신영민,이창인 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

목 적 : 본 연구는 수용시설의 노인들에서 인지기능장애와 우울증상의 유병율을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : 한국의 한 수용시설인 꽃동네에 거주하는 60세 이상 노인 169명을 대상으로 한국판 Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K). Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire(SPMSQ), 축약판 Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS). 그리고 the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D)을 적용하였다. 결 과 : 전체 169명중 153명(남자=72명, 여자=79명, 그리고 누락=2명)이 검사를 완성하였다. 연령의 범위는 60에서 102세였고, 평균연령은 74.17±8.27(남자71.76±8.14. 여자76.14±7.78)세였다. 교육기간의 범위는 무학에서 16년이었고, 평균교육기간은 3.04±3.93(남자 4.13±4.23, 여자 2.01±3.38)년이었다. 인지기능장애의 유병율은 MMSE-K≤23의 기준으로 56.2%, SPMSQ≤6의 기준으로 26.1% 로 평가되었다. 비교적 분명한 인지기능장애의 기준으로 MMSE-K≤19를 적용하였을 경우 유병율은 25.5%로 이는 SPMSQ≤6을 기준으로 하여 얻은 결과와 유사한 수준이었다. 우울증상의 유병율은 SGDS≥10의 기준으로 19%, CES-D≥25의 기준으로 23.5%로 평가되었다. 비교적 가벼운 우울증상까지 선별하기 위하여 SGDS≥8을 기준으로 할 경우 유병율은 39.2%로 이는 CES-D≥20을 기준으로 하여 얻은 결과와 일치하는 수준이었다. MMSE-K와 SPMSQ, SGDS와 CES-D, MMES-K와CES-D, MMES-K와 SGDS, 그리 고·SPMSQ와 SGDS 사이에 의미있는 상관관계가 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 수용시설 노인들에서 인지기능장애와 우울증상의 유병율은 매우 높은 수준이며, 이러한 결과는 수용시설 노인들에 대한 보다 집중적의 의료서비스가 필요함을 시사한다. Objectives : This study was to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depressive symptomatology among the long-term institutionalized elderly people. Methods : Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version(MMSE-K), Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire(SPMSQ), Short version of Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CES-D) were administerd to 169 elderly residents in an institution, 'Got Dong Rae'. Results : One hundred fifty-three(males=72, females=79, and missing=2) completed the entire examination. Age ranged from 60 to 102 years and the mean of age was 74.17±8.27(males 71.76±8.14, females 76.14±7.78) years. Duration of education ranged from 0 to 16 years and the mean of duration of education was 3.04±3.93(males 4.13±4.23, females 2.01±3.38) years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was estimated as 56.2% by MMSE-K≤23 and 26.1% by SPMSQ≤6. The prevalence of relatively definite cognitive impairment defined by MMSE-K≤19 was 25.5%, which was similar to the result achieved by using SPMSQ≤6. The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was estimated as 19% by SGDS≥10 and 23.5% by CES-D≥25. In the case of using SGDS≥8 as cutoff-point to screen mild as well as severe depressive symptomatology, the prevalence was 39.2%. It was identical to the result achieved by using CES-D≥20. Significant correlations were observed between MMSE-K and SPMSQ, between SGDS and CES-D, between MMSE-K and CES-D, between MMSE-K and SGDS, and between SPMSQ and SGDS. Conclusion : The prevalencies of cognitive impairment and depressive symptomatology were high in institutionalized elderly people. This results suggests that more intensive mental health care is needed for long-term institutionalized elderly people.

한국어판 Composite International Dianostic Interview(K-CIDI)의 개발

조맹제,함봉진,서동우,홍진표,배재남,김장규,이동우,조성진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 국제적인 정신장애 진단도구인 Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI)를 한국의 사회문화적 상황에 적합하게 번역하고 신뢰도 및 타당도를 평가하여 한국어판으로 개발하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : CIDI는 정신장애를 평가하고 진단할 수 있는 포괄적이고, 완전히 표준화된 진단도구로 훈련받은 일반인들이 적용할 수 있기 때문에 대규모 역학조사에 적합하다. 세계보건기구에서 제공하는 CIDI 번역 지침에 따라 한국어판 CIDI(K-CIDI)를 제작하였다. 영어권과 한국의 언어 및 사회문화적 차이를 고려하여 번역 및 개정을 하였고 역번역을 통하여 원본의 의미와 일치하는지를 확인하였다. 임상환자를 135명과 일반인 5명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도 검사를 실시하였다. 두 명의 평가자가 K-CIDI를 이용하여 동일한 대상자를 동시에 면담하고 일주일 뒤에 재검사를 실시하였다. K-CIDI로 검사를 받은 대상자들을 정신과 전공의와 임상심리사가 한국어판 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ를 이용하여 진단을 내렸다. 두 가지 진단의 일치도에 대한 kappa값을 산출하였다. 결 과 : CIDI의 번역에서 한국어 표현이 복잡하고 긴 문항은 두 개의 문장으로 분리하였고, 성과 관련된 표현과 의료체계 및 의료추구행태에서 사회문화적 차이를 반영하였다. 공포장애의 대상과 알코올 및 물질의 종류도 한국의 실정에 맞게 조정하였다. 현장 검사와 역번역 과정에서 K-CIDI가 적절하게 제작된 것으로 평가되었다. K-CIDI의 평가자간 신뢰도 검사는 140명에 대하여 이루어졌고 kappa값은 진단에 따라 0.86∼1.00범위였다. 검사/재검사 신뢰도 검사는 47명에 대해 이루어졌고 kappa값은 진단에 따라 0.42∼0.89였다. K-CIDI의 타당도 검사는 50명에 대해 이루어졌고 kappa값이 진단에 따라 0.50∼1.00의 범위였다. 결 론 : K-CIDI는 한국의 사회 문화적 배경에 적합하게 제작되었고 신뢰도 및 타당도 검사에서 역학연구에 적절한 진단도구로 평가되었다. Objectives : This study aims to develop a Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview(K-CIDI). Methods : The Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI) is a comprehensive, fully standardized interview that can be used to assess psychiatric disorders and provide diagnoses. The K-CIDI was developed according to the guidelines provided by the WHO. The reliability and validity of the K-CIDI was evaluated by examining 135 psychiatric patients and five community residents. Subjects were jointly interviewed twice with a one-week interval. A psychiatric resident and clinical psychologist jointly determined clinical diagnoses using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ. Results : Notable modifications were done on sex-related expression, health system and help seeking behavior, subjects for phobic disorder, and kinds of alcohol and substance. Long and complex questions were divided into two or more questions. Field test and back-translation of the K-CIDI confirmed the appropriateness of the translation of the CIDI. The inter-rater reliability, test/retest reliability, and validity of the K-CIDI indicated kappa values ranging from 0.86-1.00, 0.42-0.89, and 0.50-1.00, respectively. Conclusion : The K-CIDI was deemed to be appropriate for the sociocultural background of Koreans. The reliability and validity of the K-CIDI were judged to be exceptionally acceptable.

뇌하수체 종양 제거술 시행 후 뒤늦게 발생한 횡문근 융해증과 동반된 중추성 열

장제혁,최규남,김일환,노은지,김윤정,유충헌,고정해,박봉수,김태균,권민정,이순희,박정현 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

Body temperature is controlled by thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus. We report a case of 24 years old man with central fever. He was subjected to a partial excision of pituitary tumor compressing optic chiasm four years ago. He has received hormonal therapy for panhypothyroidism after removal of pituitary tumor. And He received gamma knife operation for partially contrast-enhancing masses in suprasellar and both hypothalamic areas that is probably postoperatively remnant or recurrent tumor of pituitary adenoma. One year after gamma knife operation, he presented with a febrile syndrome of unknown origin including rhabdomyolysis. All usual investigations proved negative. We diagnosed him as central fever with rhabdomyolysis. He received medical ICU care with cooling bed, ice pack. And his symptom improved. Postoperative hyperthermia may result following resection of the pituitary tumor. When central fever is suspected taking note of past history, a quick recognition of course of fever can help reduce the using of unnecessary antibiotics and hospital stay.

천연 Zeolite를 이용한 매립지 침출수의 고농도 암모니아성 질소 제거에 관한 연구

오재일,홍성효,이선구,최영화,안봉규 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2002 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.32 No.-

천연 제올라이트의 일종인 Clinoptilolite를 이용하여 매립지 침출수내의 암모니아성 질소를 제거하는 실험을 수행하였다. 고정상 칼럼을 이용한 인공 침출수와 실제 침출수 조건의 실험에서 배출농도가 유입농도의 5%인 시점을 파과점으로 상정할 때, 인공 침출수 조건에서의 파괴시간은 53hr, 실제 침출수 조건에서의 파과시간은 32.5hr으로 나타났다. 또한, 허용 파과점 및 소모점에서의 제올라이트 100g(건조중량)당 제거된 암모늄 이온 성분량은 인공 침출수의 경우 각각 79.30meq/100g, 93.34meq/100g이었으며, 실제 침출수의 경우 각각 48.60meq/100g, 57.60meq/100g으로 나타났다. 침출수 조건의 경우 인공 침출수에 비해 약 39% 가량의 제거 효율 저하를 보이고 있으며, 이는 실제 침출수에 존재하고 있는 공존 양이온의 영향으로 사료된다. 실제 침출수 내에서 공존 양이온의 용출 특성을 보면, Na, Ca, Mg의 용출량은 증가하나 K는 용출량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. This experiment was conducted to remove the ammonia nitrogen in the landfill leachate by Clinoptilolite which is a sort of the natural zeolite. In fixed-bed column test driven in the artificial and actual condition of the leachate, when the ejection concentration was supposed the point of 5% of the initial concentration as the breakthrough point, the breakthrough time was 53hr in the artificial condition of the leachate and was 32.5hr in the actual condition of the leachate. The ingredient volume of the removed ammonium ion per 100g(based upon the dry weight) of the zeolite in the allowed breakthrough point and exhaustion point were individually 79.30meq/100g, 93.34meq/100g in the artificial leachate and 48.60meq/100g, 57.60meq/100g in the actual leachate. In case of the actual condition of the leachate, the removal efficiency was decreased by 39% than the artificial condition of the leachate, and it seems to be caused by the coexist cation in the actual leachate. The ejection characteristics of the coexist cation in the actual leachate was observed that Na, Ca, Mg was increased and K was decreased.