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박정현 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-
商品經濟的發展不僅對江南農村經濟的變化, 對農村社會也産生了不小的 影響。1930年代江南農村不再處于穩定的結構之中, 在直接受至商品經濟影響的同時從傳統社會中擺脫出來, 持續着異質化的過程。江南農村的變化沒有帶來包括地主佃農關係在內的社會結構的變化。但是這충變化和現代性有一定的距離, 幷一直和傳統性有聯系, 盡管如此, 타不能說是无意義的、表面的、量的變化。在江南農村, 包括在商品經濟內的農民生活, 土地所有權的變化, 副業的一般化, 流動性的增加, 家族關係的變化, 意識的變化等在農村社會正發生着各충各樣的變化。本文旨在對商品經濟發展下江南農村社會發生了즘樣的變化, 對此農民們的對應方式如何進行詳細的探討。 江南農村的日常生活雖然帶有흔多傳統因素, 但是從經濟生活開始漸漸受到商品經濟的影響。在土地所有方面, 1930年代經濟蕭條時期農民想維持田面權都흔困難。因此農民中轉賣田面權, 棄農的人數增加, 永佃制逐漸衰退, 農村的土地所有權漸漸一元化。在家族關係上, 開始擺脫傳統的家父長制, 由于婦女參與勞動因而女性的在家庭中的地位提高了。령一方面, 因爲放棄農業人口的增加, 農村社會的流動性增加了, 農村人口不斷涌進城市。這충流動性已經對傳統的親族關係和家庭的穩定構成了威脅。離開農村進入城市的離鄕勞動者在城市里主要成爲産業工人和手工業工人, 從這一点可以看出, 江南農村的變化與該地區的工業發展有着密切的聯系。 想要准학地掌握農村居民在意識上的變化是一件常困難的事。但是, 大體上來說在意識形態方面1930年代江南農民同時具有傳統和現代雙重性格。他們在生活和習俗上維持着傳統性, 雖然具有排他的一面, 在經濟方面却相對較具有合理性, 幷能動地發生着變化。1930年代江南農村社會雖然在結構土沒有發生變化, 但是農民存在的方式却産生了흔大的變化。 農村社會的這충變化使農村的經濟因素産生了新的分配。農村勞動力在市鎭的非農産業部門從事勞動, 這樣農村勞動力的就業結構變得多樣化了。例如, 由于曾經是重要農副業的桑田的增加沒能給傳統的糧食生産帶來大的沖擊, 因而雖然沒有影響土地的再分配但是土地的利用率提高了。而且, 這충變化改變了農家經濟的性格。對農家經濟市場的依賴加强, 農家經濟的平衡有相當大一部分得從市場的交換過程中尋조。農村經濟從單一的、封閉式的傳統經濟結構轉變爲一定程度同時具有市場性和開放性的多層次經濟結構。 農村和現代工業相連的過程順利時農村的社會結構發生了흔大的變化。費孝通分析的吳縣開弦弓的變化就是江南農村變化的一個實例。卽, 由于經濟恐慌養蠶業衰退, 購買力下降, 隨之加速了農村的衰退。但是開弦弓通過對蠶桑進行改革使農村工業獲得成功, 겁大地改變了農村社會。相反, 遠離城市的偏遠農村仍然停留在傳統的關系中。江南農村的變化活躍在城市近郊。至此, 我們探討的江南農村的變化雖然不是專一地産生的, 但至少不可否認, 這一變化逐漸擴散, 對于在農村社會不斷增加現代化因素以及對江南農村社會的發展起了積겁的作用。
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용융 알루미늄에 의한 점토결합 카올린 샤모트의 침식에 관한 연구
박정현,이승주 한국세라믹학회 1980 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.17 No.4
To investigate the corrosion behavior of the clay-bonded kaolin chamotte by molten aluminum, the mixture of 20 wt% fire clay and 80 wt% kaolin chamotte was prepared and fired in the temperature range 900~120$0^{\circ}C$. The specimens fired at each temperature were reacted with molten aluminum at 90$0^{\circ}C$. The results obtained in this experiment are as followed. 1) It was confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis that the clay-bonded kaolin chamotte exposed to molten aluminum suffered penetration by the reaction of aluminum with silica forming alumina and metallic silicon. 2) Penetration was independent whether the silica existed as free or one component of mullite. 3) Penetration of the specimen fired at 90$0^{\circ}C$ was negligible while the others fired above 100$0^{\circ}C$ showed remarkable penetration. 4) Penetration rate at 90$0^{\circ}C$ was parabolically increased with the holding time as in the case of metal oxidation.
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박정현,배원태,권오훈 한국세라믹학회 1982 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.19 No.1
SiC-containing by-product from the surface abrasion process of porcelain cores is used as a starting material to develop the SiC-containing technical porcelain bodies. To prevent the bloating phenomenon of by-product specimen at firing temperature, it is acid treated. In order to enhance the workability and to lower the firing temperature of bodies, clay is added. Body containing 25% clay and 75% by-product fired at 135$0^{\circ}C$ showes extremely high thermal shock resistance and acid resistance.
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첨가된 알루미늄 분말의 산화가 알루미나 소결에 미치는 영향(I. 공기중, $1350~1550^{\cire}C$에서)
박정현,안주삼,김해두 한국세라믹학회 1983 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The main object of this study is to investigate the effect of Al powder as an additive on the sintering of calcined alumina comparing with that of calcined alumina alone. The degree of Al oxidation is calculated by measuring the weight increase during the firing Water absorption bulk density and compressive strength of the $Al_2O_3+Al$ system at each temperature are compared with those of $Al_2O_4$ alone. The $Al_2O_3+Al$ system shows better physical propeties than Al2O3 alone and it seems by the SEM observation that the fine oxidized Al particles(fine $Al_2O_3$ particles submicron unit) fill the interstices of the original $Al_2O_3$ par-ticles and thus result in the well-close-packed arrangement of the particles.
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첨가된 알루미늄 분말의 산화가 알루미나 소결에 미치는 영향(II. 공지궁 1,600~1,80$0^{\circ}C$에서)
박정현,전병세 한국세라믹학회 1984 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.21 No.3
As the effect of Al-powder as an additive on the sintering of $Al_2O_3$ was found satisfacotry in the range of 1350-155$0^{\circ}C$ this experiment was carried out at higher temperature(1600-180$0^{\circ}C$) at which the commerical $Al_2O_3$ body is sintered. Some phsical properties were measured and the micostructures of the specimens were observed by SEM. Although some measured physical properties of the specimens were improved through the addition of Al powder to $Al_3O_2$ powder the systematic changes in microsturces of the specmens could not be observed by SEM.
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박정현,장안재,박한수 한국세라믹학회 1987 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.24 No.4
Kaolin was treated by HF and fired at high temperature in order to reduce silica and impurity minerals of kaolin, and eventually to increase the yield of mullite. The kaolin structure was destroyed by HF-treatment and transformed into mullite at lower temperature than those of non-treated kaolin. Not only the silica content of kaolin was reduced, but also the crystalline structure of it was destroyed by HF-treatment.
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Si3N4의 슬립물성과 Slip Cast Si3N4의 미세구조에 관한 연구
박정현,김진숙,박한수 한국세라믹학회 1988 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.25 No.6
To develope good slip and microstructure of Si3N4 the knowledge of the interaction of particles in liquid systems is required. In this work polyethyleneimines was tested as a stabilizer for Si3N4-water system. The stability of slip dispersed with polyethyleneimines was good over a wide range of pH and concentrated slips with low viscosity could be cast. This work comprises a systematic investigation including determination of electrical mobility in order to estimate the particle surface charge, determination of sedimentation rate, as well as measurements of the viscosity as a function of dispersants, pH and shear rates. The influence of deflocculation on the microstructure of slip cast Si3N4 was discussed.
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