정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

요소 기수분해법에 의한 고순도 알루미나 분말 제조

김진국,양현수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1992 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.7 No.1

In order to (원문이상) the formation mechanism of highly purified alumina by using aluminium sulfate and urea, (원문이상) were done under various reaction conditions. The largest (원문이상) of products and the least amount of aluminium sulfate residue are produced at such conditions (원문이상) the molar ratio of urea to aluminium sulfate is 0.08M, the temperature of water is 60℃ and the (원문이상) time is 110 min. The (원문이상) (원문이상) the synthesized powder at the 1300℃ for 2 hours is appropriate in the respect of the shape and the (원문이상) area of the powder. Alumina powder after calcination reveals high purity of 99.99 wt.% and its (원문이상) size around 0.5㎛.

임팩트시 테니스 라켓 재질의 차이에 따른 근전도 분석

윤양진,유국종,서국웅,정미라,강영택,이훈식,서국은 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to select 7 male athletes and female athletes of high school, and to compare their active potential differences of upper arm muscles according to characteristic of a racket. the results obtained are as follows: 1. According to the accumulative distribution rate of racket material, graphite and wood material show better efficiency in case of brachio radialis muscle of male athletes, but the racket material shows no constant efficiency in brachii radialis muscle of female athletes. In case of flexor carpi radialis muscle, wood material provides better efficiency only for male athletes. In case of triceps brachii muscle, wood material gives better efficiency to males athletes and steel material gives better efficiency to females athletes. Especially in case of biceps brachii muscle, neither male nor female athletes are influenced by racket materials at impact. 2. In the muscle load rate according to racket material, wood has the highest muscle active potential and graphite has the lowest active potential. Therefore, graphite is thoght to be better in the efficiency of muscle load rate.

여자 테니스 선수의 양손 백핸드 스트로크 동작시 상지의 근전도 분석

유국종,서국웅,윤양진,이훈식,정미라,서국은 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.2

This study analzed AEMG, muscle activity duration time, peak value and work load of six high school student players, three college student players, three business team players in order to analyze Arm's EMG when they play games with two-handed backhand stroke. The instruments of measuring EMG are muscle tester ME3000p. And measured parts of muscle are the triceps brachii, biceps brachii, brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis of body left and right arm. The following is the result according to the analysis of raw data and statistics. 1. The AEMG of trained group was higher than the untrained. In both groups AEMG of right arm was higher than left one. And AEMG of forearm was higher than upperarm. The order of high AEMG among the trained is as followed ; right biceps brachii, left brachii, right brachioradialis. Among the untrained ; right brachioradialis, left brachioradialis, biceps brachii. 2. The muscle activity duration time of the trained group was totally shorter than the untrained. In both groups muscle activity duration time of the right arm was shorter than the left one. As to trained muscle activity duration time of upperarm is shorter than the forearm. Contrarily, as to untrained muscle activity duration time forearm is shorter than the upperarm. The order of short muscle activity duration time among the trained is as followed ; right biceps brachii, triceps brachii, left flexor carpi radialis. 3. The peak value of trained group was higher than the untrained. In body groups peak value of the right arm was higher than the left one. As to the trained the peak of the upperarm is higher than the forearm. Contrarily, as to the untrained, the peak value of the forearm was higher the upperarm. The order of high peak value among the trained is as followed ; right biceps brachii, left biceps brachii, right brachioradialis. Among the untrained, right brachioradialis, left biceps brachii, brachioradialis.

Extruder에서 가교된 EPDM과 HDPE 블랜드의 물성에 관한 연구

하창식,양병태,이진국 부산대학교 공과대학 1986 硏究報告 Vol.31 No.-

The blends of Ethylene-propylene-diene [terpolymer(EDPM) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) have been]prepared by the process 「dynamic curing」that depending on carrying out both blending and a crosslinking reaction at the same time in extruder. Throughout the experimental ranges, the dynamically cured polyblends were shown to be thermoplastic except for highly crosslinked blends of high portions of EPDM. From the DSC determination, the crystallinity decreased with the increasing crosslinking density. The behaviors of melt viscosity were studied as the function of the HDPE composition, the crosslinking density and the shear intensity. The overall melt viscosities were appeared from 6×10³ to 9×10⁴poise over the shear rate of between 3.5se^(-1) and 350sec^(-1) from the capillary rheometer(L/D=40).

정신과 환자들의 의료서비스 이용에 관한 연구 : 경기도 연천 지역에서 In Yonchon Area of Kyunggi Province

황성혜,홍진표,권준수,우종인,김중술,조두영,이부영,조맹제,양병국,배재남 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

본 연구는 농촌지역 정신과 환자들의 의료서비스 이용 형태를 알아보고자 하여 행하여졌다. 경기도 연천군 주민중 1993년 1년간 지역 의료보험과 의료보호자료에서 정신과적 진단을 받은 사람들 1295명 중 209명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구자들이 제작한 반구조화된 면담도구를 사용하여 13명의 훈련된 면담자에 의해 증상을 처음 느낀 후 이용한 의료서비스를 차례대로 조사하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 정신증적 장애 환자들은 정신과 치료만을 받은 경우가 28.8%이며 처음 방문한 의료서비스는 정신과 45%, 일반의 28%, 약국 6%, 한방치료 5%, 요양원 6%, 기타 10%였다. 비정신증적 장애 환자들은 정신과를 한번이라도 이용한 경우는 32.1%였고 처음 방문한 의료서비스는 정신과 15%, 일반의59%,약국 17%, 한방치료8%, 기타1%였다. 진단에 따라서는, 정신분열병의 경우 64.5%가 처음에 정신과를 방문하였고 정동형 정신병의 경우는 20.8%에 불과했고 64.1%가 일반이나 약국을 처음에 방문하였다. 신경증적 장애(ICD-9 300)는 40.0%가 일반의만을 방문했다. 이상의 결과로 정신분열병 환자들은 대다수가 정신과 치료를 받는 것으로 나타났으나 정동형 정신병과 신경증적 장애는 다수가 일반의를 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 지역사회 정신보건에서 일반의의 역할이 매우 중요하며 일반의에 대한 정신과 교육이 절실하고, 보다 전문적인 치료환경과 기술을 요하는 경우에는 정신과와의 연계 체계의 필요성도 요구된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathways of health care seeking by the psychiatric patients at a well - defined rural area in Korea. Among 1,295 patients diagnosed to have mental disorders by ICD-9 in a year, all the psychotic patients(184 in number) and randomly selected 15% of nonpsychotic patients(162 in number) were selected as subjects of this study. Thirteen well - trained interviewers collected the data using semi-structurd inter-view instrument developed by the authors. Two hundred nine patients(60.4%) fully responded to the interviews. As for psychotic patients, 28.8% used only psychiatric services, and the first visits for help were psychiatrists, general practitioners, pharmacists, asylums and oriental herb medicine in the order of decreasing frequency. Only 32.1% of nonpsychotic patients used mental health specialties during the course of their illness, and their most common first visits for care were general practitioners(59%) followed by pharmacists(17%) and psychiatrists(15%). Majority(64%) of schizophrenic patient visited psychiatrist first, while 64.1% of affective psychosis patients visited general practitioners and pharmacists first. The forty percent of neurotic patients(ICD-9 300) visited general practitioners only for their health care.

몰리브덴이 첨가된 Stellite 6 합금의 마모와 부식특성

申種喆,金在洙,李德悅,梁在雄,尹珍國,盧大虎,李種權 대한금속재료학회 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.10

Hardfacing layers of Stellite 6 with different molybdenum content are deposited on AISI 1045-carbon steel using Plasma Transferred Arc welding(PTA) machine. The microstructures, wear and corrosion resistances of the hardfacing layer are investigated in order to clarify the effect of molybdenum in Stellite 6 alloys. The microstructural characterizations of the hardfacing layers are performed using X-ray diffraction, back scattered electron images, and scanning electron microscopy. With an increase of Mo contents, M_6C type carbide are formed instead of Cr-rich type carbides, and so this microstructural change enhanced the mechanical properties such as wear and corrosion resistance of a Mo-modified Stellite 6 alloy.

테니스 라켓 스트링 장력의 차이에 따른 근전도 분석

이훈식,서국웅,윤양진,정미라,김용재,서국은,이중숙 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to select 7 male athletes and female athletes of high school, and to compare their active potential differences of upper arm muscles according to characteristic of a racket. the results obtained are as follows: 1. In the accumulative distribution rate of racket string tension, 65Ibs is higher in all muscle active potentials except male flexor carpi radialis muscle than 55Ibs or 60Ibs, and this result shows that 65Ibs gives lower efficiency to athletes. 2. In the muscle load rate of racket string tension, 55Ibs shows the lowest active muscle potential and is thought to be better in its efficiency, but 66Ibs shows a little high active potential and is thought not to be good in its efficiency.

중량물 운반시 잡기유형에 따른 근전도 분석

이훈식,강영택,윤양진,정미라,유국종,서국웅,김정태 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine EMG changes of the body according to method the holding during carrying object. The experiments were conducted with utilizing EMG analyses for five male and five female adults as subjects. The results were as followed. 1. The higher muscle action potential of vertical holding was shown than that of right holding when carrying objects in MMH work in proportion to the weight of the object. The came from the subjects using their brachial muscles much to maintain the angles of their wrist joints and elbow joints for keeping their stable postures while walking. 2. The higher muscle action potential of right holding was shown in right and left elector-muscles of their spines(L1-L2, L4-L5) while carrying in all stages of weights except 25kg objects than that of vertical holding. These results were caused from more use of brachial muscles than elector-muscles of spines in carrying weight objects. So vertical holding is more effective in carrying weight objects at a short distance than right holding.

말레이시아의 農業構造 및 生産動向

Yang-Hee Cho,Dong-Jin Lee,Joon-Kook Kwon,Yong-Hwa Shin 한국국제농업개발학회 1993 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.5 No.2