Experience of Pain From Patients With Non-Acute Pain After Back Surgery

Son Haeng-Mi,Kim Eun-Jeong,Park Youngrye,Shin Byung-Cheul,Cho Jae-Heung,Ha In-Hyuk,Lee Jun-Hwan,Shin Kyung-Min 대한질적연구학회 2021 대한질적연구학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe and understand the experiences of pain and the perceptions of treatment through a traditional Korean medicine clinical trial in patients with non-acute pain after back surgery. Methods: The data collection was recorded through in-depth interviews with 20 participants and transcribed with verbatim. The data were analyzed with qualitative contents analysis. Results: Patients with persistent or recurring pain after back surgery experienced physical and psychological symptoms that resulted in severe difficulties in daily and working life. Their persistent or recurring pain after surgery was a burden in their life and a major source of depression. Because of the difference in the perception of pain between doctors and patients, the patients continuously sought and received various treatments. The patients also wanted to receive customized self-management in exercise so that they could control pain themselves in daily life. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach that includes psychological counseling, pain management, individualized exercise, and education for proper posture should be needed to reduce low back pain in patients with pain after back surgery.

紅花 추출물의 카드뮴 독성 해독 효과 연구

孫仁煥,길인호,李鐘燮,李起男 한국전통의학연구소 1998 한국전통의학지 Vol.8 No.2

A study on the antitoxic effects of Flos Carthami against Cadmium Chloride Toxicity in Live and Kidney of Rats. This study was performed to find out the effect of Flos Carthami against Cadmium toxicity. The experimental rats were divided into 5 groups such as control group, Cadmium alone treatment group, three simultaneous treatment groups of Flos Carthami and cadmium. Rat were given pellets administration with three dosage of Flos Carthami such as 4mg/kg body weight for four weeks. The results were summarized as follows on: 1. The simultaneously administration of Flos Carthami and cadmium significantly more decreased cadmium concentration in liver and kidney tissues compared to the administration of cadmium alone(p<O.05). 2. The simultaneously administration of Flos Carthami and cadmium significantly more increased metallothionein concentration in liver and kidney tissues compared to administration alone(p<O.05).

CO₂ Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Few-Layer Graphene over NiO_<i>x</i>

Son, In Hyuk,Song, Hyun Jae,Kwon, Soonchul,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Lee, Seung Jae,Benayad, Anass,Park, Jong Hwan,Choi, Jae-Young,Chang, Hyuk,Rü,mmeli, Mark H. American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.9

<P>The use of mild oxidants in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactions has proven enormously useful. This was also true for the CVD growth of carbon nanotubes. As yet though, the use of mild oxidants in the CVD of graphene has remained unexplored. Here we explore the use of CO<SUB>2</SUB> as a mild oxidant during the growth of graphene over Ni with CH<SUB>4</SUB> as the feedstock. Both our experimental and theoretical findings provide in-depth insight into the growth mechanisms and point to the mild oxidants playing multiple roles. Mild oxidants lead to the formation of a suboxide in the Ni, which suppresses the bulk diffusion of C species suggesting a surface growth mechanism. Moreover, the formation of a suboxide leads to enhanced catalytic activity at the substrate surface, which allows reduced synthesis temperatures, even as low as 700 °C. Even at these low temperatures, the quality of the graphene is exceedingly high as indicated by a negligible D mode in the Raman spectra. These findings suggest the use of mild oxidants in the CVD fabrication as a whole could have a positive impact.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-9/nn504342e/production/images/medium/nn-2014-04342e_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn504342e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

大田大學校 大田韓方病院의 中風早期檢診 實態調査

염익환,송인선,유호상,손원택,오민석,송태원 대전대학교 한방병원 2001 惠和醫學 Vol.10 No.1

This study was done to investigate the distribution of disease, which belongs to the people who came to the Daejon Oriental Hospital for the examination of CVA. The results were as follows : 1. It shows the highest ratio in his 40's and in her 50's. 2. The Hypertension patient is 26% and 40's is the highest, by 35%. 3. The Obesity patient is 51% and 50's is the highest, by 57%. 4. The Diabet mellitus patient is 5% and 30's is the highest, by 9%. 5. The Hyperlipidemia patient is 44% and 60's is the highest, by 52%. 6. The Liver disease patient is 18% and 40's, 50's is the highest, by 21%. 7. Abnormal EKG patient is 39% and 60's is the highest, by 57%. 8. 16% patient have abnormalities in brain CT and 70's is the highest, by 42%. 9. 70% patient have abnormalities in C-spine series and 70's is the highest, by 85%. 10. 32% patient have abnormalities in Chest PA and 70's is the highest, by 99%. 11. Soyang type is 32%, Soyum type is 25%, Taeyum type is 43% and Taeyang type is 0%.

생약 추출물이 세포성장 및 cytokine 생산에 미치는 영향

류인철,손성희,정종평,배기환 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1993 藥學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The native connective tissue attachment of the periodontium is known to be a complex consisting of gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament cells, gingival epithelial cells, cementum, alveolar bone and extensive extracellular matrix (collagen, glycoprotein and proteoglycans). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of natural extracts on DNA, collagen and protein synthesis and inhibition of cytokine production in the gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts and gingival epithelial cells. Healthy gingibal tissue was obtained from orthodontic treatment patients, and gingival epithelial cells, gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells were isolated and cultured from the samples. After treated with Ginseng protein, Pluronic F-68, Scutellariae Radix, centella asiatica, PDGF, IGF, DNA synthesis, total protein and collagen synthesis, and cytokine production of gingival epithelial cell, gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells were measured. MTT method for DNA synthesis, Peterkofsky and Dingerman method for total protein and collagen synthesis, and IL-1 ELISA kit for cytokine production were used. The proliferation of epithelial cells was enhanced in Centella asiatica, Ginseng protein, Pluronic F-68 and Scutellariae Radix. The activities of PDL cells were increased in PDGF, IGF, and Pluronic F-68. Higher collagen synthesis was observed in Scutellariae Radix and total protein synthesis was increased in Scutellariae Radix and PDGF. The inhibitory effects on IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α were observed in all exrracts.

실외용 절연 재료 개발을 위한 에폭시 복합재료의 망목 구조 개질에 관한 연구

김재환,손인환,김탁용 광운대학교 신기술연구소 1997 신기술연구소논문집 Vol.26 No.-

옥외용 절연재료를 개발하기 위하여, 에폭시 수지에 SIN(상호침입망목) 구조를 도입하여 내환경성을 연구하였다. 단일망목 시편(E 계열)은 에폭시 수지로만 제작하였고, 상호침입망목 시편(EM 계열)은 일차망목으로 에폭시 수지, 이차 망목으로 메틸메타아크릴수지로서 제작하였다. 충진제 함량에 따라 10종의 시편을 제작하여, 시편의 망목구조 변화를 확인하기 위하여 주사전자 현미경으로 내부 구조를 관찰하였다. 그리고 교류전압절연파괴강도를 측정하였다. 또한, 내환경성을 측정하기 위하여 자외선 조사 실험과 트래킹 실험을 하였다. 그 결과, 내부 구조의 변화를 확인할 수 있었고, 상호침입망목 구조 시편이 단일망목 시편보다 내환경성이 우수함을 확인하였다. In order to develop outdoor insulating materials, SIN(simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network) was introduced to epoxy resin and the environment resistance was investigated. The single network structure specimen(E series) formed of Epoxy resin alone and simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network specimen (EM series) in which epoxy resin was taken as the first network and methyl methacrylate resin as the second network were manufactured. Ten kinds of specimens were manufactured by filler (SiO_2) content. SEM were utilized in order to confirm their network structure changes, and AC voltage dielectric strength was measured. Also, UV-test and tracking test were carried out to investigate the environment resistance characteristic. Therefore the variations of network structure were happened as a result of SEM test, and it was confirmed that simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network specimens were more excellent than single network structure specimens.

과수 조류피해 방지에 관한 연구

김영호,윤철구,임상철,손인창,박재혁,김동환,김선규 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 2002 연구보고서 Vol.6 No.-

새로운 저비용 고효율 조류 피해 방지법의 개발을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 현재 사과, 배 과수원에서 사용되고 있는 조류피해 방지 방법들의 정확한 효과를 서로 비교 검토하고, 아울러 충북지역 과수 재배 농가들을 대상으로 유해조류에 의한 피해 실태와 경제성 있는 조류 피해방지 방법에 대한 설문조사를 병행 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조류피해는 방조망 설치에 의해서만 완전히 방지할 수 있었으며, 조류 피해율별 손익계산 결과를 참고하여 이익이 있을 때는 표준방조망을 설치하고, 그렇지 않을 경우에는 설치비가 저렴하며 농가에서 간단히 시공할 수 있는 간이방조망 설치가 더 경제적인 것으로 판단되었다. 도내 과수 농가의 조류피해는 지역 간에 큰 차이가 있었으며, 음향적 방제인 버드가드와 보호봉지인 망사봉지에 의한 방제가 가장 효과적이었다. 그러나 버드가드는 높은 설치비용이 문제되므로, 퇴치 효과가 비슷하거나 더 우수하면서 저렴한 한국식 음향 기구를 개발할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 보호봉지인 UV 봉지와 플라스틱 보호캡 및 망사봉지 처리는 품종에 관계없이 피해를 현저하게 감소시켰으나, 과실의 착색 등 품질에 미치는 영향에 대해서 추가적인 연구와 검토가 필요한 것으로 생각되었다. To obtain basic data for low cost-high efficiency control methods for bird damage, the available control methods currently in use mostly in Chungbuk Province were tested on site, and the control efficiency was compared. Also, a comprehensive survey of actual bird damage and the control methods on model apple and pear growers in Chungbuk Province was conducted. The results are summarized as follows. The perfect control for bird damage was possible only through bird net, it was recommended that profit-and loss account must be considered before installing bird net, and when the 'standard bird net' does not come up to break-even point, more economic and convenient 'simplified bird net' should be a alternative. Actual extent of bird damage varied according to the locality, and imported acoustic apparatus BirdGard^R, development of our own system with superior or same quality and reasonable price is necessary. Fruit bags such as UV bags, plastic protective caps, and net bags were highly effective for bird damage control, irrespective of fruit species and cultivar, but further study to resolve some problems such as poor coloration caused by bagging is necessary.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

冷却 條件 變化에 따른 저밀도 폴리에틸렌의 絶緣 破壤 特性에 관한 硏究

박정수,이수원,황종국,손인환 철도전문대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

In order to change the crystallinity of low density polyethylene film, the sample cooling with air, ice and liquid nitrogen was studied for the temperature dependence of dielectric breakdown strength at the temperature range of l0℃∼120℃ As a result, breakdown strength was influenced that increase of crystallenety was due to the decrease of dielectric loss under the glass transition temperature and to the decrease of effect for space charge with Micro Brown Ion motion over the glass transition temperature. In accordance with the rise of surrounding temperature, AC breakdown strength was less dependent of change of crystallinity but the DC and Impulse breakdown strength was highly dependent of et.

좌심방에 발생한 원발성 미분류 방추세포 육종 1례

조정환,홍그루,송인욱,손창우,정선영,남종호,김미진 영남대학교 의과대학 2009 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.26 No.2