이미지의 측면에서 본 문학과 미술의 관계

신혜경,김진수 경기대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.44 No.1

By looking at the long history of esthetics and art theory, there is no doubt that art is formed on the basis of an image. The imitation theory, which describes art as a reproduction of reality, dominated Western art theory since Platon. In 18th century, romanticism, which tells art as an expression of one's emotion, arose in opposition to the imitation theory. In spite of different point of views, both theories agree with each other on the point that art use an image as a vehicle to the meaning of its own existence. In structuralism, which criticizes both the imitation theory and expressionism, art is considered as an area existed through a realm which is different from a realistic realm or an imaginary realm. Even though there are some differences about the other on the point that art is originated by an image. The peculiar character of art, which classify art from other areas like science or religion, can be found in the meaning of an image and its origin. Therefore, it can be said that every esthetical theories that deal with the characteristic origin of art must discuss the existence of an imagination and an image. An image and an imagination, which produce the image, provide the most mystical feature of human being. We can begin to understand relations among different areas of art, especially between language arts and fine arts, through an image and an image process. In art, an image does not mean the possession of an image itself. It actually means the variety in supposed image process! This possibility of various interpretations comes from the metaphorical feature that one image confronts on unvisible facts through visible facts. This kind of the metaphorical feature of an image can transfer one realm to another. The image can be a vehicle for this kind of transfer. Art as a creation of an image forms the actual existence of unrealistic objects or in existing objects. This is because the artistic image, which materialize esthetical objects is set up as an unrealistic condition formed through imaginations. The imagination described here can be understood as the energy that the in existing image of an existing object displays by including the existence of that object. Throughout Western art history, it was the surrealism movement that literature and fine arts were recognized as the most similar spiritual work of art through the common understanding to the production of an image by an imagination. Especially surrealism remarks the fact that both literature and fine arts are the creations of an image based on unconscious mental movements. Surrealism arts regard an image as the only rhythmical support. That is materialized by continual combination of contrasting images. We can provide the basis of discussion for the difference and the similarity between literature and fine arts by following the motive of an encounter between two areas through an image which suggested by surrealists. In surrealism literature, words do not just meanings of them. Surrealism literature take aim at the virtual life vision which cultivates images beyond reality. It was the same vision stated above that surrealism paintings pursued. Surrealism paintings have various figurative motives on the surface. However, surrealism paintings eventually create new meanings for those motives by recomposing them. A. Breton's poetry, R. Magritte's and A. Masson's paintings, they all create the virtual life vision as an image beyond reality. In literature and fine arts, the issues of a image set the ground for an open discussion about a relationship between the world and the human race. Here, the image works as a vehicle to fill the abyss of tense relationship between subject and object, consciousness and unconsciousness, reality and virtual reality, and between existence and in existence. Therefore, it can be said that the image is a vehicle to visualize the in visible. Even if we accept the image as tool for communication', We can use the image as a tool for setting up the connection between the world and the human being. In this case, the image should not be understood only as a tool for communication but it should be understood also as a product of the human race for establishing relationship with the environment. This means a phenomenon of existence as well as that of in existence. Therefore, this is a sign of in existing reality at the same time that of existing unreality.

모듈간의 유사성 분석을 통한 시스템 규모 축소 및 재사용에 대한 연구

최신형,허경욱,진광윤 三陟大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.32 No.1

소프트웨어에서 유사한 모듈의 분석으로 소프트웨어 시스템 규모를 축소하거나 재사용 여부를 판단할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 모듈간 유사성을 나타내는 방법으로 모듈 유사성률과 복잡성을 측정하는 사이크로매틱 그래프를 이용하여 유사한 모듈들을 하나로 통합해서 새로운 모듈을 만들어서 사용하는 방안을 제시한다. 이는 시스템 규모 축소와 모듈 재사용을 위해서 유사한 모듈을 찾아내어 구조화하는데 유용하다.

타액반 피검물에서 개인식별을 위한 DNA의 유전자형 검사

윤경규,김종열,신경진,황적준 大韓法醫學會 1995 대한법의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Cigarette butts from 5 smokers were gathered and then, place in room temperature for 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 days. The possible use of the cigarette butts for individual identification was evaluated in sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus, polymorphisms of HLA-DQA1 gene from the extracted DNA. 1. DNA extraction was possible in cigarette butts left in room temperature for 15 days, so it can be applicable to individual identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 2. Amplification of X-Y homologous amelogenin gene by PCR made it possible to identify the sex in saliva stains (cigarette butts). 3. Amplification of D1S80 locus can be acquired from adding the bovine serum albimine and hot start PCR procedures from forensic samples such as saliva stains (cigarette butts), so the AMP-FLPs examining is possible. 4. Genotype could be determined simply and rapidly using Amplitype?? HLA-DQα forensic kit in examining the HLA-DQA1 gene. From the investigation, DNA extraction, sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus, polymorphisms of HLA-DQA1 gene were successfully done even though the cigarette butts were left for 15 days at room temperature. Therefore cigarette butts are highly reliable and applicable as molecular biological samples for individual identification.

토끼 수막염 모델을 이용한 다제내성 폐렴구균에 대한 Meropenem의 치료 효과

김신우,진정화,강수정,정숙인,김연숙,기현균,김춘관,이혁,김성민,백경란,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2001 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적 : 다제내성 폐렴구균에 의한 수막염은 기존과 단일 항생제로는 근치가 어려워 ceftriaxone과 vancomycin 혹은 rifampin의 병용요법이 권유되고 있다. 다제내성 폐렴구균에 사용할 수 있는 다른 약제 중 meropenem은 시험관내 폐렴구균에 대한 항균력이 좋고 경련 등의 중추신경계 부작용이 거의 없어 다제내성 폐렴구균에 의한 수막염의 치료에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되나 이에 대한 자료가 매우 부족한 상태이다. 이에 연자 등은 meropenem과 meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법이 다제내성 폐렴구균 수막염의 치료에 효과가 있는지를 토끼 수막염 동물 모델을 이용하여 검증하고자 하였다. 방법 : 인체에서 수막염을 일으킨 다제내성 폐렴구균 균주(penicillin MIC 2, ceftriaxone MIC 4, meropenem MIC 0.5㎍/㎖)를 토끼 척수강 내에 직접 주입하여 수막염을 유발한 후 ceftriaxone, vancomycin, rifampin, meropenem의 단일 항균요법, ceftriaxone+vancomycin, ceftriaxone+rifampin, meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법 간에 치료 효과의 차이를 비교 하였다. 각 치료군은 6 마리의 토끼를 대상으로 하였다. 각각의 항생제는 5 시간 간격으로 2번 정주하였으며, ceftriaxone은 1회 투여하였다. 균주 주입 후 각 치료군이 토끼에서 치료 후 0, 5, 10, 24 시간에 척수액을 채취하여 균주의 수를 측정하여 24시간째의 살균 여부를 최종 치료 효과로 판정하였다. 결과 : meropenem 단독 요법은 10시간째에 모든 균주를 살균하였으나 24시간 째에 다시 균의 성장이 관찰되었으며, meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법은 단독 약제보다 우수한 살균효과를 보였으나 상승작용은 없었다. 결론 : meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법은 기존의 ceftriaxone+vancomycin보다 24시간째에 더 큰 균의 감소 경향을 보여(P=0.054) 임상에서 사용이 가능할 것으로 기대되며 향후 실제 수막염 환자에서의 임상효과를 증명하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Because antimicrobial monotherapy for pneumococcal meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant strains is not satisfactory, ceftriaxone+vancomycin [C+V] or ceftriaxone+rifampin [C+R] regimens are recommended. Meropenern [M] is one of the monotherapy options for penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis due to good in-vitro activity against pneumococci and rare adverse reactions in CNS. But there have been few reports in the efficacy of meropenern against pneumococcal meningitis. We evaluated therapeutic efficacy of the meropenern and meropenem+vancomycin in a rabbit model of meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP). Methods : Meningitis was induced by intracistemal inoculation of a pneumococcal strain isolated from a patient with meningitis (MIC; penicillin 2, ceftriaxone 4, meropenem 0.5 g/㎖). Bacterial concentrations in the CSF were measured at 0, 5, 10, and 24 h after therapy was started. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by the final bacterial concentration in the CSF at 24 h. Results : C+V cleared the CSF at 10 h, but regrowth of bacteria was noted at 24 h. Meropenem monotherapy resulted in sterilization at 10 h but regrowth at 24 h. M+V was superior to M or V monotherapy but did not show synergism. Therapeutic efficacy of M+V was at least equal or superior to that of C+V (P = 0.054). Conclusion : Meropenem+vancomycin regimen could be one of the useful options in the treatment of PRSP meningitis. Clinical trials to evaluate the M or M +V are warranted in the future.

VRE 감염증의 임상상, 미생물학적 특성 분석 및 유전적 관련성 비교 : 전국 6개 병원에서 분리된 VRE를 중심으로

정희진,박정원,엄중식,하경임,신종희,김정미,이혜수,박영희,김우주,박승철 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.5

忠北淸原郡 一圓의 農謠에 관한 硏究

朴進,申敬淳 淸州敎育大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The farmer's ballads of the Cheongwon-gun districts except those of Buyong-myeon are generally slow like those of the Chooung buk districts. This feature has advantages deepening songs all the more since each sound becomes a rocking sound, a falling sound, a transitive sound, etc. Most of the ballads belong to the 'Gyemyeon-jo' (Minor Scale) which is composed of three notes or four notes. Exceptionally the ballads of 'Pyeong-jo'(Major Scale, 'Anpangge Sori') which is composed of five notes were also found. For the result of this study, we can find the possibility of collecting a variety of materials, for even the same kind of type has been changed according to villages and singers, and we can also find the future possibility of collecting many different ballads in various areas with comparatively less frequent interchange among them. As the farmer's ballads are a kind of popular songs which bear the grief and joy our people depending on farming, they hold a racial spirit, and they have the rhythm and melody kept only by our people. Therefore, they should be preserved and handed down at all costs. We are convinced that they will be infinite materials in creating modern music art based on them. However, it is possible to collect them from the old persons over sixty years old, now. Therefore, we will suggest that we should be in a hurry to collect them. For the problem about how we can show the flavor of singers as it is on the score, the further study on the score collecting will be necessary.

역행적 골수정 삽입술을 이용한 대퇴골 과상부 골절의 치료

권진우,신승호,조원호,성기호,김기환,손경태,이상훈,박세원,배종문,권태우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.4

사람주나무잎의 페놀성 성분

안영진,이승호,강신정,황방연,박웅양,안병태,노재섭,이경순 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1996 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.6 No.-

A chemical examination of the phenolic compounds in the leaves of Sapium japonicum (Euphorbiaceae) has led to the isolation of eleven phenolic compounds. containing five hydrolysable tannins and six flavonoids. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences, the structures of these compounds were confirmed to be galic acid(1), 5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid(2), 1-O-galloyl-3, 6-(R)-HHDP-β-n-glucose(coriiagin)(3), 1-O-galloyl-2.4-(R)-DHHDP-βn-glucose (furosin)(4), 1-O-galloyl-2.4-(R)-DHHDP-3.6-(R)-HHDP-β-m-glucose(geraniin)(5), astragalin(6), trifolin(7), afzelin(8), quercetin(9), isoquercitrin(10) and rutin(11). Among them geraniin was the main component.

Escherichia coli 패혈증 환자에 합병된 대칭적 하지 말단 괴사증 1예

남해성,유진홍,권순석,민준기,조현선,박민경,심병주,남유정,이지인,김진수,길욱현,조근종,신완식 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

We have encountered a rare case of symmetrical peripheral gangrene complicating Escherichia coli sepsis in a 47-years-old male. He was successfully treated with antibiotics, anticoagulants, and vasodilator. To our knowledge, this is the first report on symmetrical peripheral gangrene complicating E. coli sepsis in Korea.

뇌수술 시 과호흡과 만니톨의 투여가 뇌혈류와 뇌산소대사에 미치는 영향

김지헌,김경식,문봉기,조경기,신용삼,이영주,김진수 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.4

Background: There are therapies to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) including head elevation, hyperventilation, diuretics injection, intravenous mannitol, hypothermia, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and cerebral resection in neurosurgical patients. However in recent reports, hyperventilation followed by mannitol administration may lead to cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we investigated the effect of 0.5-1.0 g/kg mannitol administration on jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjVO_2) and cerebral arterial-jugular venous oxygen content difference (AVDO_2) at PaCO_2 25-30 mmHg and 35-40 mmHg in patients undergoing neurosurgery. Methods: we studied 17 patients undergoing neurosurgery in the Ajou University Hospital. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, midazolam, thiopental, and vecuronium, and maintained with )_2-Air-Isoflorane, a continuous infusion of fentanyl, and vecuronium. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 10) which is PaCO_2 25-30 mmHg and Group 2 (n = 7) which is PaCO_2 35-40 mmHg by controlling ventilator. Measurements of SjVO_2 and AVDO_2 in following time intervals: Ⅰ = preinjection of mannitol, Ⅱ = postinjection 20 minutes of mannitol, Ⅲ = postinjection 40 minutes of mannitol were obtainde for each group. 0.5-1.0 g/kg mannitol was administered intravenously just at duramater opening. Results: Hemodynamics and hematologics were not significantly different among the two groups. SjVO_2 of each group are as follows; Group 1; Ⅰ (70.3 ± 8.1%), Ⅱ (66.3 ± 6.9%), Ⅲ (69.1 ± 7.9%) and Group 2; Ⅰ (78.6 ± 7.4%), Ⅱ (75.1 ± 8.1%), Ⅲ (76.0 ± 11.2%), Hyperventilation significantly decreased SjVO_2- AVDO_2 was not significantly different but SjVO_2 in Ⅱ was significantly decreased compared with Ⅰ and Ⅲ in Group 1 (20% patients). Conclusions: Mannitol produced a change of SjVO_2 during hyterventilation. Therefore, intravenous mannitol during hyperventilation should be given cautiously according to the patients status because it may cause cerebral ischemia in critical patients. (Korean J Anesthediol 2002; 43: 462~467)