Crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells: implications for tumor progression and intervention

최효정,문아리 대한약학회 2018 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.41 No.7

Communication between tumor cells and stromalcells is crucial to tumor development and progression. Fibroblasts and macrophages are the most common stromalcells in the tumor microenvironment. Endothelial cells areanother type of stromal cell in the tumor microenvironmentrequired for angiogenesis via interaction with tumor cells. Tumor angiogenesis provides not only oxygen and nutrientsfor tumor cells but also the necessary anchorage tofacilitate tumor metastasis. The present review summarizesstudies on the crosstalk between cancer cells andendothelial cells with a focus on implications for tumorprogression. The following four categories are discussed inthis review: (1) cell–cell communication in tumormicroenvironment; (2) induction of metastasis by interactionbetween cancer cells and endothelial cells; (3) angiogenesisinduced by tumor cells; (4) therapeutic strategiestargeting adhesion and signaling molecules as well aschemokines. This review provides useful informationhighlighting the process of cancer aggressiveness affectedby the crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells,and suggests therapeutic strategies against tumorprogression.

딥 뉴럴 네트워크를 활용한 강우 나우캐스팅의 최신 동향과 한계 극복을 위한 향후 과제

최효정,김용찬,김동균 한국수자원학회 2024 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.57 No.S

딥러닝 모델은 방대한 데이터를 활용하여 강우 시스템의 복잡한 시공간 패턴을 효과적으로 포착함으로써, 기존 수치예보(Numerical Weather Prediction, NWP) 모델과 레이더 에코 외삽법의 계산 속도 및 비선형 강수 동역학 처리의 한계를 보완하여 단기 강우 예측에서 뛰어난 성과를 보이고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 딥러닝 기반 강우 나우캐스팅 모델을 체계적으로 리뷰하고, 합성곱 신경망(Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN), 순환 신경망(Recurrent Neural Networks, RNN), 생성적 적대 신경망(Generative Adversarial Networks, GAN) 기반의 세 가지 주요 그룹으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 또한, 각 모델에서 나온 공통적인 한계점과 이들 문제를 해결하기 위한 전략을 심도 있게 조사하였다. 다양한 손실함수의 적용, 전이학습, 샘플링, 그리고 앙상블 모델의 활용과 같은 혁신적인 접근법이 모델 성능 개선에 미치는 영향을 논의하며, 이를 바탕으로 강우 나우캐스팅의 향후 연구 방향을 제시한다. 본 리뷰는 강우 나우캐스팅에 대한 딥러닝 기반 기술의 현재 상태를 이해하고, 향후 연구 및 기술 발전을 위한 지침을 제공하는 데 기여하고자 한다. Deep learning models have demonstrated remarkable performance in short-term rainfall prediction by effectively capturing the complex spatiotemporal patterns of rainfall systems using vast datasets. This has helped to address the limitations of traditional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models and radar echo extrapolation methods, such as computational speed and nonlinear precipitation dynamics. In this paper, we systematically review deep learning-based rainfall nowcasting models, categorizing them into three main groups: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We also conduct an in-depth analysis of the common limitations identified in these models and explore strategies to overcome them. Innovative approaches, such as the application of diverse loss functions, transfer learning, sampling techniques, and ensemble models, are discussed in terms of their impact on enhancing model performance. Based on these findings, we propose future research directions for rainfall nowcasting. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of deep learning-based technologies for rainfall nowcasting and serve as a guide for future research and technological advancements in the field.

학습부진아 연산능력향상을 위한 모바일 어플 설계 및 구현

최효정,전우천 한국정보교육학회 2013 정보교육학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 학습 부진아의 연산능력 향상을 위한 스마트 폰 기반 모바일 어플 시스템을 설계 및 구현 하는 것이다. 본 시스템의 특징은, 첫째, 학습자의 수준에 맞는 개별화된 학습이 이루어지는 스마트폰기반 시스 템이다. 둘째, 학습자들의 동기를 지속시키기 위하여 즉각적인 피드백이 제공된다. 셋째, 연산능력은 꾸준한 연 습을 통하여 향상시킬 수 있다는 것에 중점을 둔 지속적이고 반복적인 학습이 가능한 시스템이다. 구현된 본 교육시스템을 초등학교 6학년 수학 학습 부진아에게 적용시킨 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 시스 템을 활용하여 연산학습을 하는 것에 흥미를 느꼈으며 학습에 대한 내재적 동기가 유발되었다. 둘째, 연산속도 가 빨라지고 연산의 정확도가 높아지는 등 학습자의 연산능력이 향상되었다. The purpose of this paper is to develop and implement a mobile application system to improve arithmetical operations for low achievers. The proposed system has the following characteristics. First, the system provides individual study for low achievers based on their different study levels. Second, instant feedback can be provided to students for maintaining study motivation. Third, the system enables students to study arithmetical operations in persistent and repetitive manner. This is due to that, in the literature, arithmetical operation capacity can be increased by persistent and repetitive practices. The proposed system is applied to mathematics low achievers and the following results are obtained. First, interests and intrinsic motivation are increased through use of the proposed system. Second, arithmetical operation speed is increased. Also, accuracy of arithmetical operation is improved. Thus, it is concluded that arithmetical operation capacity of low achievers is improved using the proposed system.

「평양문화어보호법」을 통해 본 북한의 언어 통제

최효정,도원영 한국어의미학회 2024 한국어 의미학 Vol.86 No.-

이 연구는 2023년 1월 18일 채택된 「평양문화어보호법」이 사회적으로 어떤 의미를 갖는지 언어 통제를 중심으로 다양한 면에서 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2장에서는 평양문화어보호법의 제정 배경을 살펴보았다. 사회주의 민족어 건설이라는 북한 언어정책의 흐름과 평양문화어의 위상, 김정은 정권기 ‘고상하고 문명한 언어생활기풍 확립’ 정책을 알아보았다. 3장에서는 「평양문화어보호법」의 내용과 사회적 의미를 고찰한다. 외래문화와 관련한 「반동사상문화배격법, 「청년교양보장법」과 비교하고 구성의 특징, 조항과 사례를 구체적으로 분석하였다. 북한에서 「평양문화어보호법」의 제정이 갖는 사회적 의미는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 민족어 범위의 변화가 법령을 통해 드러났다. 기존 민족어의 범위는 ‘남북조선’을 아우르면서 평양 문화어가 그 중심에 있는 것이었다. 그러나 「평양문화어보호법」에서는 민족어 범위에 ‘남한말’은 들어올 수 없으며, 남한말을 제외한 평양문화어만이 북한의 민족어임을 드러냈다. 둘째, 북한은 평양문화어의 보호를 통한 민족어의 고수를 국가와 정권을 변함없이 유지하는 또 다른 사상적 토대이자 방편으로 삼고 있다. 셋째, 이 법률에 나타난 언어 통제의 수준은 이전과 차원이 다르며 이러한 엄격한 언어 통제는 결국 인간의 사고를 제한하는 데까지도 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 매우 경계되어야 한다. This study examined what the enactment of the Pyongyang Cultural Language Act(평양문화어보호법), adopted on January 18, 2023, means in North Korea from the perspective of language control. Through this, we hope to be able to look critically at the language reality in North Korea. Chapter 2 examines the background of the enactment of the Pyongyang Cultural Language Act. It explores the trajectory of North Korea's language policy aimed at "building a socialist national language," the status of Pyongyang Cultural Language, and the ideology of establishing a "refined and civilized language lifestyle" under the Kim Jong Un regime. Chapter 3 delves into the specific contents and social implications of the Pyongyang Cultural Language Act. It compares the Act to the Reactionary Ideology and Culture Rejection Act(반동사상문화배격법) and the Youth Education Guarantee Act(청년교양법) in relation to foreign culture, analyzing the characteristics of its structure, provisions, and examples. The social implications of the enactment of the Pyongyang Cultural Language Act in North Korea are as follows: First, changes in the scope of the national language were revealed through the legislation. Previously, North Korea's national language encompassed both "North and South Korea," with Pyongyang Cultural Language at its center. However, the Pyongyang Cultural Language Act excludes "South Korean language" from the scope of the national language, explicitly designating Pyongyang Cultural Language as the sole national language of North Korea. Second, North Korea uses the preservation of Pyongyang Cultural Language as another ideological foundation and means to unchangingly maintain the state and regime by safeguarding the national language. Third, the level of language control reflected in this law is unprecedented. Such strict language control ultimately risks extending its influence to limit human thought itself, making it a matter of significant concern.

ELISPOT assay을 이용한 결핵균 특이 항원 검출-(T-SPOT.TB)

최효정,원혜지,송혜림,심한나,박윤정,김시내,박인혜,연지영,육지혜,지연희,우혜민,이소윤,김지영,김지원,곽지은,전창은,김은중(지도교수) 대한임상병리사협회 2010 조직세포검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.2010 No.-

배경: 결핵은 결핵균(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)의 감염에 의해서 발생하므로 결핵의 확진은 배양검사 등으로 환자의 검체에서 결핵균을 증명해야 한다. 전통적으로 투베르쿨린검사가 잠복 결핵의 유일한 진단법이었으나 비결핵항산균 감염이나 BCG 접종에 의한 교차반응이 있으므로 유용성이 떨어지며, 감염, 영양결핍, 림프계를 침범하는 질환에서는 위음성을 초래할 수 있다. T-SPOT검사는 잠복 결핵의 진단검사로 활동성 결핵의 진단에도 유용한 것으로 보고되고 있다.이에 저자들은 T-SPOT 검사 방법 및 원리를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: T-SPOT검사는 헤파린 채혈관에 혈액 8ml를 채취하여 비중액을 이용하여 단핵구를 분리하고 250,000 cell/100uL로 세포부유액을 준비하였다. 항-인터페론감마 항체가 결합되어 있는 microplate의 4개의 well에 해당시약을 넣고 분리된 세포를 250,000개씩 넣은 후 37도에서 16~20시간 배양하였다. 다음날 well을 세척하고, conjugate 시약과 기질을 넣어 spot을 발현시켰다. 결과: 전체 152건중 양성은 55건(36.2%), 음성 90건(59.2%), 미정확 7건(4.6%) 로 나타났다. 고찰: T-SPOT검사는 결핵 감염의 진단에 있어 민감도가 높아 결핵의 선별 검사나 보조 검사로 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

은유분석으로 알아본 예비유아교사들의 유아동작교육에 대한 인식 변화

최효정 한국열린유아교육학회 2023 열린유아교육연구 Vol.28 No.4

This study aimed to provide basic data for the effective operation of the “Early Childhood Movement Education” course by examining the perception of preservice teachers of young children regarding early childhood movement education. In the 1st and 14th week of the semester, metaphorical expression data on early childhood movement education were collected from 16 preservice teachers of young children who were taking the “Early Childhood Movement Education” course at a university in the Gyeonggi area. The results indicate that, first, before attending lectures, preservice teachers did not recognize the importance of “moving the body for early childhood movement education,” “providing fun and pleasure,” “learning by following the teacher’s motion,” and “continuous practice.” Second, after the lectures, they came to recognize the significance of early childhood movement education for “children’s development,” “helping teachers to express themselves through motion,” “daily life activities,” and “teachers’ growth.” In other words, after taking the “Early Childhood Movement Education” course, the preservice teachers became conscious of the necessity of early childhood movement education and the importance of the teacher’s role in movement education, which was recognized as a meaningful experience. It is necessary to explore various experience-oriented teaching and learning methods so that preservice teachers of young children can directly experience movement teaching activities, experience their value, and have a positive perception when operating the “Early Childhood Movement Education” course. Currently, metaphor analysis can be beneficial as a teaching strategy to reflect on the beliefs of preservice teachers of young children on early childhood movement education.

A Normative Study of the Digit Span in an Educationally Diverse Elderly Population

최효정,이동영,Eun Hyun Seo,Min Kyung Jo,손보경,Young Min Choe,변민수,김지욱,김신겸,윤종철,주진형,김기웅,우종인 대한신경정신의학회 2014 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.11 No.1

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of demographic variables on Digit Span test (DS) performance in an educationallydiverse elderly population and to provide normative information. Methods The DS was administered to 784 community-dwelling volunteers aged 60–90 years with an educational history of from zeroto 25 years of full-time education. People with serious neurological, medical and psychiatric disorders (including dementia) were excluded. Results Age, education and gender were found to be significantly associated with performance on the DS. Based on the results obtained,DS norms were stratified by age (2 strata), education (3 strata), and gender (2 strata). Conclusion Our results on DS performance suggest that both attention and working memory are influenced by age, education andgender. The present study provides reasonably comprehensive normative information on the DS for an educationally diverse elderlypopulation.

유아교사변인과 가정환경변인이 유아의 수개념에 미치는 영향

최효정,정정희 한국유아교육학회 2007 유아교육연구 Vol.27 No.4

[학생기자단 기사] 취업을 묻다_ 건축업계 주요 회사들에게

최효정,정윤아 대한건축학회 2024 건축 Vol.68 No.8

사전 표제어로 본 남북한 경제 용어 네트워크의 사회적 함의 - 『거울 2.0』과 『표준국어대사전』을 중심으로 -

최효정 북한연구학회 2024 북한연구학회보 Vol.28 No.1

Humans express their personal identity and thoughts through language. As a result of linguistic interaction, a society's vocabulary reflects its society. In this study, the characteristics of North and South Korean society were compared and examined using economic headwords from North and South Korean dictionaries. North Korea's dictionary used 『Mirror 2.0』 published in 2017, and South Korea's dictionary used 『Standard Korean Dictionary』 published in 2023. Through simple frequency and co-occurrence word frequency, we confirmed which coinage units were on the top list in each of North and South Korea. This list is a list of words representing the economic fields of North and South Korea, and is itself a linguistically and sociologically significant result. In order to derive the relationship between South and North Korean economic terms and society, we examine whether related terms appear in the North and South Korean language networks in light of the three criteria for classifying economic systems: ownership of means of production, resource allocation adjustment mechanism, and purpose of economic activity. Korean society revealed in economic terms was that North Korea was a ‘real economy based on planning’ and South Korea was a ‘monetary economy centered on finance.’ Since vocabulary reflects people's thinking and social aspects, North Korean residents can be seen as surrounded by planning and production, and South Korean residents are surrounded by finance and investment. The words represented in the North and South Korean economic terminology network will provide many implications for understanding the thinking of North and South Korean residents.