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박영식,이진우,팽진철,정두현,이상민,임재준,양석철,유철규,김영환,한성구 대한의학회 2013 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.28 No.4
Microscopic anthracotic pigment (MAP) is frequently observed in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) specimen in non-small cell lung cancer, but its clinical interpretation is not well-known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical implication of MAP in mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer. From May 2010 to July 2011, consecutive potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal staging were recruited. Of the total 133 patients, 102 (76.7%) were male patients. Median age was 68 yr. Total 279mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled by EBUS-TBNA; station 4R (100, 35.8%) and station 7 (86, 30.8%) were the most common sites. Malignant lymph nodes were 100(35.8%). MAP was observed in 61 (21.7%) lymph nodes, and among them only 3 were malignant lymph nodes (P < 0.001). The lymph nodes with MAP were smaller (9.0 vs 10.8mm, P = 0.001) and showed low standard uptake values on FDG-PET (4.4 vs 4.7,P = 0.256). In multivariate analysis, MAP was negatively associated with malignant lymph node (adjusted OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.42; P < 0.001). In potentially operable nonsmall cell lung cancer patients, MAP in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration specimens is strongly associated with benign mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes.
Sexually Matured Female Mice showed Higher γ-Linolenic Acid (GLA) in the Muscle Tissue
박영식,조상리,박창석 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2015 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.2
The sexual maturation occurred by the changes of steroid hormones was known to sex-dependently and/or agedependently regulate the lipid metabolism in various animal species. Our current study demonstrates that lipid and its functional fatty acids can be changed depending on the status of sexual maturation. Of the functional fatty acids, γ- linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6) is an important factor for maintaining human health. The purpose of our study was to investigate the level of GLA in mice with different stages of sexual maturation. To this end, the longissimus muscle (LM) of immature (3-week-old) and mature (7-week-old) female mice was analysed for the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. Furthermore, both gene and protein level of Δ6 desaturase (FADS2) which is involved in GLA metabolism by real time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Mature females showed greater (P<0.05) serum 17β -estradiol (E2) level and LM GLA contents than immature group. The mRNA and protein levels of FADS2, which converts precursor linoleic acid into GLA, were higher (P<0.05) in mature female mice than in immature mice. In conclusion, these results show that sexual maturation of female mice induces GLA and FADS2 contents in LM.
교차조사 토론 방법을 활용한 토론 수업 활성화 방안 -<북한의 언어와 문학> 교양수업 사례를 중심으로
박영식 남북문화예술학회 2014 남북문화예술연구 Vol.0 No.15
우리는 오늘날 자기표현 시대에 살고 있으면서도 한편으론 소통부재의 시대에 살고 있다. 역설적으로 보이는 이 모순은 자기 주장만 난무하지 상대방의 생각을 이해하거나 존중해주려는 노력을 상대적으로 하지 않기 때문이다. 교차조사 토론(CEDA)방식의 특징은 찬성과 반대 양 입장을 미리 정하지 않고 추첨을 통해 현장에서 바로 결정한다는 것이다. 이것은 자신의 생각과 상관없이 양측 입장을 번갈아 가며 토론하는 과정 속에서 상대방의 주장을 자연스럽게 이해하고 양측의 의견 차이를 좁혀나갈 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그리고 합리적 논거를 통해 상대방을 설득하는 과정에서 사고력과논리력이 향상되고 창의적 문제 해결 능력을 갖출 수 있다는 장점도 있다. 마지막으로 교차조사 토론을 하는 과정에서 처음의 입장과 다른 입장으로 자신의 생각을 바꾸는 경우와 자신의 입장을 좀 더 논리정연하게 만드는 경우,그리고 상대방 주장을 수용해서 대안 제시로까지 나아가는 경우를 보았다. 이는 본 교차조사 토론 수업 모형을 통해 소통 부재라는 사회적 문제점을 해결하고 창의적 사고력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이라 기대한다. 또한 남한과 북한이 첨예하게 대립하고 있는 분단 상황에서 교차조사 토론 수업 모형이 서로의 차이를 인정하고 그 차이를 좁혀갈 수 있는 대안을 모색하는 방법론이 될 수 있을 것이다.
Comparative Study on Compressive Strength of Concrete with New Sand-Cap and Neoprene Pad
박영식,서진국 한국콘크리트학회 2008 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.2 No.1
The most typical capping method for concrete structures is a sulfur-mortar compound capping, provided it satisfied the standard criterion set forth by ASTM C 617, but this conventional bonded-type method has many problems. It exhibits relatively the smaller unreliable value of the strength of high-strength concrete due to the differences of elasticity and strength between the cylinder and the cap, and manifests poor serviceability such as dangerous working tasks or a waste of the working time. To prevent these problems, unbonded-type capping methods have taken the place of the conventional methods in recent years. One of the popular methods is the use of synthetic rubber like a neoprene pad. Serious problems still remain in this method, which include the consideration of its chemical characteristics in consideration of the selection, the safekeeping and the economy of the pads. Moreover, the synthetic rubber pads cannot be used in concrete cylinder with strength greater than 80MPa according to ASTM C 1231-00. New 'sand-capping method' presented in this study, can be applicable to the compressive strength evaluation of the high strength concrete in the range of 70~100MPa. This new method has better simplicity and reliability than those of existing 'sand-box', because usual materials such as standard sand and simply-devised apparatus are used for the capping system. The statistical analysis of the test results revealed that the new sand-capping method exhibited the smallest deviation and dispersion, attesting for its much better reliability than other methods specified in ASTM C 1231/1231M.