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SiC 휘스커 보강 Al 복합재료의 미세조직과 기계적 특성에 관한 연구
김영환,이두영,이성학,김낙준 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1990 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.28 No.7
This study aims at establishing the correlation of microstructure and mechanical properties of 2124-T6 Al composites reinforced with 7, 15, 20 v/o SiC whiskers. Tensile tests along with Charpy impact tests were conducted over the test temperature range from -196℃ to 100℃. Notched round tensile tests and subsequent metallographic observations as well as in-situ SEM observation of crack opening processes were performed for the purpose of identifying the micro-mechanical processes involved in void initiation. The experimental results indicated that the impact energy was found to increase monotonically with decreasing the amount of SiC whiskers and with inceasing the test temperature. Microvoids were observed to nucleate at the interface between the aluminum matrix and SiC whikskers, confirming that the formation of voids at the interfaces is the main metallurgical factor which contributes to the reduction of fracture toughness. In addition, the Mn-containing intermetallic particles strongly affect the fracture processes in these composites.
5호16국시기 匈奴族 獨孤部와 鮮卑族 拓跋部의 관계 연구 - 獨孤部 劉氏를 중심으로
김영환 중국학연구회 2011 中國學硏究 Vol.- No.55
五胡十六國时期移居中原的匈奴族独孤部, 大體承襲了鐵弗部的活動地區和相當數量的部衆, 却沒有铁弗部那麽活跃, 但經過拓跋部的代国復国和苻坚的前秦統治等一连的關鍵性过程而發展了。与此同时, 他们利用跟周围的拓跋部的亲善友好及竞争对立關係, 不仅在北魏、北朝, 直至隋唐, 形成了中国贵族之一員, 在历史上留下了獨特而較好的面貌。独孤部的主要内容整理归纳如下:第一, 劉庫仁父劉路孤率部落投附拓跋部, 拓跋鬱律妻之以女以來, 拓跋部與獨孤部劉氏之間淵源長久的密切關係。特別, 劉庫仁與其父親兩代, 都與拓跋部有婚姻關係。而且不僅於此, 當前秦軍隊攻擊拓跋部時, 劉庫仁當時站在拓跋部一方, 受到拓跋部領袖拓跋什翼犍的信任和依賴。第二, 在384年劉庫仁被殺之後, 他弟弟劉眷繼承其統領獨孤部和整個部落聯盟。劉眷與拓跋珪的關係也十分親近。綜而言之, 拓跋珪得到獨孤部領袖劉庫仁、劉眷兄弟的照顧, 拓跋部民也受到撫納。此爲拓跋部的復興和北魏的建立打下了最初的基礎, 影響不可謂不大。第三, 劉庫仁的兒子劉顯殺了劉眷, 代之成爲領袖, 獨孤部與拓跋部的關係也發生了巨大的轉變。劉顯計劃殺害拓跋珪, 其原因大槪一則可能膽心拓跋珪將成爲未來的競爭對手, 另一則可能對拓跋珪懷有舊怨。在劉顯與拓跋珪的競爭當中, 引起了拓跋珪的最後勝利, 可說爲他進一步從事對外競爭消除了障碍, 奠下了基礎。第四, 除了劉奴眞以外, 劉犍、劉去斤均與拓跋部關係不好。反正, 他對拓跋珪的善待, 使得拓跋部的復興, 有了較爲順利的開始。而劉顯、劉犍、劉去斤對拓跋珪的敵視, 嚴重威脅到拓跋珪的領導權。但是, 在後燕慕容垂的支持下, 拓跋珪擊敗了他們, 拓跋部凌駕了獨孤部, 就爲拓跋珪進一步發展, 創建北魏王朝奠定了基礎。就北魏王朝創建歷史而言, 獨孤部劉氏是不可或缺的重要角色。
김영환,정현기,이도경 대한슬관절학회 1993 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.5 No.1
Anterior cruciate ligament is a very important structure for functional stability of knee joint motion. The incidence of rupture is high, but sometimes it is difficult to make an early diagnosis. When it is found in late stage, the reconstruction of this ligament is inevitable, However the results of the reconstruction were quite different depending on the surgical methods and the substitute materials used. We have treated 32 cases of isolated chronic anterior cruciate ligament rupture with ligament reconstruction between Dec. 1987 and Dec. 1991. The clinical results were as follows; l. Of the 32 cases, 27 cases (84.4 %) were caused by sports injury and 31 cases in male and average age was 24.3 years old. 2. The average interval from injury to operation was 22.8 months and K-T 1000 arthrometer was performed in 23 cases and average anterior displacement of the tibia was 10.6 mm on affected side and 6.7 mm on the other side when 20lbs anterior drawer force was applied, It showed 3.9 mm side-to-side difference and compliance index was 2.2 mm on the affected side and 1.4 mm on the other side. 3. Nineteen of 32 cases (59.4 %) had meniscal injury. 4. According to Hughston's criteria, in Zarin's method group (6 cases), 4 cases (66.7 %) were good and each 1 case was fair and poor, and in arthroscopic reconstruction group with patellar tendon (26 cases), 13 cases (50.0 %) were excellent, 11 cases (42.3 %) were good and 2 cases were fair. According to Lysholm's scale, average score in arthroseopic reconstruction was 91.7 points and in Zarin's technique 80 points. 5. We considered that arthroscopic reconstruction using middle one-third of bonepatella tendon- bone was reliable method of treatment of chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee.