정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

수액 세트의 Drip Chamber를 이용한 상부소화관의 이물 제거 1예

서종훈,양미진,이진성,이상호,김정원 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

In the upper gastrointestinal tract, in particular, there are parts consisting of esophageal sphincter muscles to carry out physiologic functions, which causes impairments when removed, as well as such complications as mucosal injuries, bleeding and even perforations in the case of foreign bodies with large size and/or sharp angles. Therefore, it is essential to use an appropriate type of supplementary instrument for a safe procedure. Frequently utilized supplementary instruments are overtube, protector hood, latex glove and transparent cap. We report a case in which authors were successful in removing a watch bend consisting of metal ring from gastric body while using a modification of a widely available drip chamber of fluid set attached to vertical end of endoscopic device.

WO₃계 NO_(x)센서의 검지 특성과 바인더 첨가 효과

양종인,한상도,김일진,손영목,임한조 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The effects of various binderssuch as PVA, silica sol and alumina on the sensing characteristics of TiO_(2) (4 wt. %)-doped WO_(3)-based NO_(x). sensors were investigated. The sensor with PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) binder showed an improved sensitivity (R_(gas)/R_(air)- in NO_(x) 15 ppm = 375), response time and cross-sensitivity (selectivity) for interference gases (CO, SO_(2), CH_(4), C_(3)H_(8)). It could also be operated at a lower consumption power (about 1.6W at 180℃). The sensors with silica sol and alumina binders showed a decreased sensitivity (R_(gas)/R_(air) in NO_(x) 15 ppm = 63 and 31, respectively) for NO_(x) gas sensing, but they showed an improved cross-sensitivity, response and recovery time (1 -2 min. and 1 min., respectively) than the sensor fabricated without binder.

프로스타글란딘 E₁에칠에스테르의 외용 리오겔 제제 설계

양성운,이진교,이지은,김희규,박혜숙,김종석,최한곤,용철순,최영욱 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

External lyogels containing prostaglandin E₁ethyl ester(PGE₁-EE), a produrg of prostaglandin E₁(PGE₁) as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were formulated to overcome the aqueous instability and enhance the percutaneous absorption. Lyogels of PGE₁-EE were prepared with ethanol (EtOH)/proplyene glycol (PG) cosolvent system as a vehicle, cineol as an enhancer, and hydroxypropylcellusose as a gelling agent. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were performed to determine the rate of PGE₁ absorption through rat or hairless mouse skin. The permeability of PGE₁-EE lyogel with enhancer was 16-fold greater than that of lyogel without enhancer. Cosolvent produced 9-fold increase in percutaneous absorption. Pharmacodynamic effects of lyogels were evaluated in mature male cats in terms of intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Lyogles containing 0.01% of PGE₁-EE showed higher ICP compared to intraurethral preparation of PGE₁(1%) and enhancer-free control lyogel. The shelf-life (t_(10%) of lyogel at refrigerated condition (4℃) was calculated as 928 days, which is 4.2 times longer than that of control hydrogel. As a result, PGE₁-EE was formulated successfully to a lyogel system with a selective enhancer and cosolvent system for the topical delivery of PGE₁.

1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane(HFC-134a)과 Propane(HC-290)의 2성분계 기-액 평형 측정

진현상,박지영,이병권,양대륙,임종성 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.2

혼합물을 냉매로 사용할 경우, 냉매의 성능 평가를 위해 기-액 상평형 데이터가 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 HFC-134a와 propane의 이성분계 상평형 데이터를 얻기 위해 273.15, 283.15, 283.15, 303.15, 313.15, 323.15K의 조건에서 실험을 실행하였다. 상평형 실험 장치로는 circulation type의 장치를 사용하였다. 실험데이터는 Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera(PRSV)상태방정식과 NRTL excess Gibbs free energy model을 결합한 식에 다섯 개의 혼합법칙(Huron-Vidal original and modified equation)들을 이용하여 상관관계를 알아보았다. PRSV 상태방정식을 이용하여 얻은 데이터는 실험 데이터와 만족할 만한 일치를 볼 수 있었다. 실험은 실행한 모든 온도에서 공비점이 형성하는 것을 확인하였다. Vapor-liguid equilibrium(VLE) data are essential when using mixtures as a refrigerant. The VLE data of binary mixture containing 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane and propane were measured at 273.15, 283.15, 293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15K using circulation type experimental apparatus. The experimental data were correlated with five mixing rules combined with the Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera equation of state. We compared the data obtained by using the PRSV EOS with experimental data and a satisfactory consistency of model predictions with experimental data were obtained. Azeotropic behavior has been observed in all these mixtures.

폐산과 폐알칼리를 이용한 폐지류의 전처리

진양오,윤철종,우성훈,최성우,김익성,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.1

The objective of this study were to treat waste paper with waste acid and alkali so to enhance maturity of the wastes. The sample was office paper and news paper which ratio was 1:1 and the reagents for pre-treatment were sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide for waste acid and alkali. The maturity indices were taken volatile solid. cation exchange capacity, and gas production variation. The pre-treatment method was to dip the sample in the reagent according to time, concentration, and dosage. The methods of treatment were to dip the wastes in leachate and to landfill in soil. The result of this study were as follow. When waste paper was treated by acid and alkali, the proper treatment condition was 24hours and 0.1 normality of acid and alkali. The pre-treated samples with acid and alkali such as RSN and RSH were more effective in maturity than non-treated sample such as RS. The post-treated sample such as RSL, RSNL, and RSHL was more effective than nonpost-treated sample such as RS, RSN, and RSH.

이면성 및 도플러 심초음파도를 이용하여 진단한 선천성 거대 좌회선지-좌심실 관동맥루

진승원,박준철,이영중,유병현,박현옥,김용주,윤호중,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

LP강판의 두께변화에 따른 강거더의 효율성 평가

양경환,정경섭,이종선,권소진 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2003 建設技術論文集 Vol.22 No.1

There has been an increased interest in the Longitudinally Profiled(LP) plate as a structural element for bridges, due to its advantage to efficiently distribute the sectional force applied to the structure. The advantage also includes the reduction of weight and the number of welding points. The LP plate was originally developed in Europe, and the application has since increased rapidly on steel bridges in Europe and Japan. Though widely used internationally, much of the study for the structural application of the LP plate is yet to be performed. In this paper, the workability of the LP plate was evaluated by the tests for tensile and bending. In addition, the stability was reviewed and verified by a comparison between experimental and analytical results. The economical efficiency was also examined for different section types by finite element analysis.

백금 담지 카본블랙 촉매 제조 및 활성조사

김종범,이무성,이완진,양갑승,서곤,김종호 全南大學校 觸媒硏究所 2002 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

Platinum catalysts supported on carbon were prepared by using various method. The particle size distribution of loaded platinum was examined using transmission electron microscope, and that was discussed relatively to the oxidation treatment of carbon black and loading method of platinum. In addition, the relationship between its particle size distribution and catalytic activities in the deep oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide and the reduction removal of dissolved oxygen by hydrazine. The number of functional groups on carbon black largely increased by the oxidation treatment with nitric acid compared to that with air or hydrogen peroxide. The large number of functional groups were effective for homogeneous loading of platium, dispersing highly homogeneous platinum particles of 2∼3 nm in a diameter by the methanol reduction method. On the other hand, a large amount of platinum could be loaded on carbon balck using an impregnation method, but the particle size distribution of platinum was poor in homogeneity. Platinum could be dispersed with extremely small particles using on ion exchange method, but the loading amount of platinum was very small. The activities of Pt/VX catalysts in the oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide and the redution of dissolved oxygen strongly varied with the number of platinum atoms exposed, regardless of the particle size, indicating that the highest catalytic activity was obtained on the Pt/VX catalyst prepared using the methanol reduction method due to the high dispersion and large loading of platinum.

다목적홀의 음향설계를 위한 1/10 축척모형의 제작 및 평가

류종관,신동재,전진용 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.9

A 1/10 scale model was introduced as an efficient tool to predict acoustical qualities of multi-purpose halls It was constructed to predict the acoustical properties, and to complement and adjust the architectural components on room acoustical characteristics of K-performing arts center The materials of scale model such as seats and audiences, absorption banners were selected through measurements of absorption coefficient In a 1/10 reverberation chamber and the absorption coefficients due to air-absorption With relative humidity was also Investigated As a result, It showed that types and parts of material and arrangement of specimen had much effects on absorption coefficient, and air absorption resulted In a significant decrease In absorption coefficient at high frequency In addition, the reverberation time of scale model was measured In occupied seats and the effect of absorption banners on the ceiling and side walls was also investigated Results showed that reverberation time of scale model showed a decrease of 0.5s by banners on the ceiling, whereas those on side walls had a little effect on reverberation time