Light-extraction efficiency control in AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet flip-chip light-emitting diodes: a comparison to InGaN-based visible flip-chip light-emitting diodes.

Lee, Keon Hwa,Park, Hyun Jung,Kim, Seung Hwan,Asadirad, Mojtaba,Moon, Yong-Tae,Kwak, Joon Seop,Ryou, Jae-Hyun Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.16

<P>We study light-extraction efficiency (LEE) of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) using flip-chip (FC) devices with varied thickness in remaining sapphire substrate by experimental output power measurement and computational methods using 3-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) and Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations. Light-output power of DUV-FCLEDs compared at a current of 20 mA increases with thicker sapphire, showing higher LEE for an LED with 250-관m-thick sapphire by ~39% than that with 100-관m-thick sapphire. In contrast, LEEs of visible FCLEDs show only marginal improvement with increasing sapphire thickness, that is, ~6% improvement for an LED with 250-관m-thick sapphire. 3D-FDTD simulation reveals a mechanism of enhanced light extraction with various sidewall roughness and thickness in sapphire substrates. Ray tracing simulation examines the light propagation behavior of DUV-FCLED structures. The enhanced output power and higher LEE strongly depends on the sidewall roughness of the sapphire substrate rather than thickness itself. The thickness starts playing a role only when the sapphire sidewalls become rough. The roughened surface of sapphire sidewall during chip-separation process is critical for TM-polarized photons from AlGaN quantum wells to escape in lateral directions before they are absorbed by p-GaN and Au-metal. Furthermore, the ray tracing results show a reasonably good agreement with the experimental result of the LEE.</P>

암환자가 지각한 사회적지지, 희망과 삶의 질과의 관계

태영숙,강은실,이명화,박금자 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2002 전인간호과학연구 학술모음집 Vol.- No.-

The Relationship among Percieved Social Support, Hope and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Tae, Young Sook. Kong, Eun Sil. Lee, Myung Hwa. Park, Geum Ja The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among percieved social support, hope and Quality of life of the cancer patients and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for promoting quality of life in cancer patients. The design of this study was a cross sectional correlational survey. The subjects were 220 out and in-cancer patients in 5 general hospitals in Pusan The data were collected from July 2 to August 1,2001. The instruments were the Percieved social support scale(16 items, 5 point scale) had developed by Tae(1986), Hope scale(12 items, 4point scale) developed by Nowotny(1989) and Quality of life scale(31 items, 10 point scale) developed by Tae et. al(2000). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency & percentage, item mean & standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study was as follows : 1) The item mean score of quality of life was 6.05±1.16 (range 0-10) .The heighest score of subarea of the quality of life was the spiritual wellbeing area (7.09±1.63) and the lowest score was social wellbeing area(5.53±1.65). The mean score of perceived social support was 52.65±10.32 (최고 1, 최저 80). The mean score of family support was32.71±6.66 (range 1- 40) and the mean score of medical team support was 19.93±5.95 (range 1- 40). The mean score of Hope was 37.02±5.64 (range 1-48). 2) There were statistically significant difference in the score of quality of life according to the life effect of religion (F=3.97, p=0.00), treatment method(F=2.94, p=0.01), area of diagnosis (F=3.48, p=0.01), stage of disease (F=13.74, p= 0.00). 3) There was significant correlation between perceived social support(r=0.44, p= 0.000 ; family support: r=0.334, p=0.000, medical support; r=0.395, p=0.000), hope(r=0.563, p= 0.000) and quality of life. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship among perceived social support, hope and quality of life. Therefore perceived social support, hope intervention programs should be developed to improve the quality of life in cancer patients.

1995-96년 한반도 남동부 지역의 미소지진 자료를 이용한 지각구조 모델의 비교 연구

이기화,정태웅,Lee, Gi Hwa,Jeong, Tae Ung 한국지구물리물리탐사학회 1999 지구물리 Vol.2 No.1

한국자원연구소 지진관측망의 1995-96년 미소지진 자료를 바탕으로 한반도 남동지역의 지각구조에 대하여, Lee (1979), 김상조·김소구(1983), 김성균·정부흥(1985)의 세 지각 모델 중 어느 것이 잔차의 최소자승을 만족하는지 검증하였다. 세 모델 잔차의 뚜렷한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나, Lee 의 지각 모델이 약간 깊은 진원을 산출하는 경향이 있다. 한반도 지각의 층상구조는 아직 명백하지 않으므로 앞으로 더 많은 자연지진 자료 또는 인공지진 자료를 통해서 규명되어져야 한다. Using the microearthquake data acquired from 1995 to 1996 through the seismic network operated by the Korea Institute of Geology, Mining & Materials (KIGAM), the three P-wave velocity models proposed by Lee (1979), Kim·Kim (1983) and Kim·Jung (1985) concerning the structure of the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula were examined in terms of the least square errors of the P-wave arrival times. The three models do not differ significantly in arrival time residuals except that the Lee's model gives slightly deeper focuses than the others. The layering of the crust of the peninsula is not clear as yet and to be studied by more earthquake and explosion data in the future.

부신피질 자극호르몬 단독결핍 1례

박경식,이승현,최석영,박태규,이동화,이찬우,정성복,이인규 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1997 계명의대학술지 Vol.16 No.3

부신피질 자극호르몬 단독결핍은 국내에서 7례만이 보고된 희귀 질환이며 병인 및 경과 등 아직 불분명한 측면이 많다. 이는 질환지체의 희귀성도 있지만 치료후 자연경과에 대한 장기적인 추적검사가 이루어진 경우가 드물기 때문이기도 하다. 저자들은 비특이적인 전신증상을 주소로 내원한 폐경기후의 56세 여자 환자에서 자가면역질환의 증거없이 고프로릭틴혈증을 보인 부신피질 자극호르몬 단독결핍 1례를 경험하고 1년간의 부신피질호르몬 대치요법후 추적검사를 실시하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Isolated ACTH deficiency is a rare disorder which shows secondary adrenal insufficiency with normal states of other pituitary hormones. A 56-year-old postmenopausal woman complaining general weakness and intermittent mental confusion presented negligible serum cortisol and ACTH level with hyperprolactinemia and mild hyponatremia. Rapid ACTH stimulation test did not show significant increase of serum cortisol level. Combined pituitary stimulation test showed negligible response of cortisol and ACTH, and slightly decreased response of prolactin and gonadotropin. But the responses of TSH and GH were normal. There was no evidence of organic pituitary of hypothalamic lesion in brain MRI and antithyroid autoantibody was not detected in serum. After receiving 12 months of glucocorticoid replacement therapy, she skipped the medicine for 3 weeks and we performed follow-up endocrinologic tests. Serum ACTH and cortisol level was also negligible and prolonged ACTH simulation test showed normal response of serum cortisol. CRF stimulation test showed no response of serum ACTH. Basal prolactin level was decreased to near normal and combined pituitary stimulation test showed normal response of prolactin with slightly blunted response of TSH and GH. We concluded that the case was nonautoimmune origined isolated ACTH deficiency which was accompanied by hyperprolactinemia and resultant deficiency of gonadotropin, so we report this case with review of literatures.

일 간호대학의 간호환경시스템 통합실습방안 적용 : 간호관리학과 지역사회간호학의 통합

김광숙,이경자,김의숙,이정렬,김인숙,이태화,조윤희,정제인,이현정,배선형,김은현 대한간호학회 간호행정학회 2008 간호행정학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: Integrated curriculum has been considered as a desirable method in health related school course. The present study was conducted to develop practice curriculum which integrates nursing management and community health nursing and measure the education effect. Method: Literature review and scores of professional meeting were carried out to generate main educational goals, contents, operating principle, and evaluation item. Student evaluation was done by survey and in-dept interview in right after practicum and three months respectively. Results: Six concepts were derived as main component of the integrated curriculum. From 2 to 3 sub-categories were matched to each main component as well. Subsequently, practice contents were suggested on the basis of sub-categories. Attainment of practicum goal scores ranged from 2.82 to 3.54 in four points index. Students expressed that they found nursing manager's role in the community setting. Conclusion: This new approach encouraged students to ascertain relationship between hospital oriented and community based practice. Additionally, they can be prepared to comprehend diverse health care environment.

급성 심근경색 : Gd-DTPA 조영증강 자기공명영상 Gd-DTPA Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

정경일,김제현,이창호,이영주,김한수,소동문,이영돈,박경주,왕희정,탁승제,이철주,김선용,김옥화,임태환,문창현,최병일,서정호 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1996 아주의학 Vol.1 No.1

This study was undertaken to determine the value of gadolinium dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Seven cats were subjected to 2 hours of left anterior descending coronary arteryocclusion (group 1) and 8 cats to 1 hour of occlusion (group 2). Reperfusion was followed by taking Tl-weighted MR images at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes after Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg) injection. Myocardial enhancement patterns were categorized into three zones (central ischemic, peripheral ischemic, and normal) or two zones (ischemic and normal) and the presence of injured myocardium in each zone was confirmed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Signal intensity (SI) of each zone was evaluated relative to back muscle in regard to its chronological changes and difference among the zones. Group 1 displayed three zones of enhancement in 6 cats whereas 1 cat in group 1 and all in group 2 showed two zones of enhancement. Intermediate SI central zone was compatible but smaller than TTC nonstained area, and determined to be a persistently occlusive injury. High SI peripheral zone in group 1 and high SI ischemic zone in group 2 were stained and determined as reperfused injury although reversibility was not definite. The peak SI, occurring 15 minutes after Gd-DTPA injection, of 2.47±0.48 at peripheral zone was greater than that of 1.66±0.36 at central zone in group 1 and of 1.81±0.41 at ischemic zone in group 2 (p < 0.05). SI of injured myocardium increased more rapidly and decreased more gradually than that of normal myocardium. That the features of SI change with time in injured myocardium was compatible with the results of other studies using different contrast agents. Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI differentiated persistently occlusive injury as central intermediate SI, and reperfused injury as homogenous high SI, with the maximal contrast between the two at 15 minutes after contrast injection, thus indicating the value of Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

중소기업의 산업안전교육 실태 조사 분석

이승환,이태우,강경식 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.18 No.-

It is said that a large part of losses by company is attributed to the loss manpower material resources by industrial accident. To alleviate industrial accident, machine-oriented safety supervision is superior to that of manpower-oriented in spite of diversified efforts, in many aspects. It will not secured a sense of safety if people can not utilize machines correctly despite excellent machines. As a part of preventing industrial accident, industrial safety education is aimed to improvement of productivity of company through exact research of actual condition of industrial safety education.

도시지역 노인의 건강행위 실천 실태

이태진,배상수,이기홍,임재영,강경화 노인간호학회 2008 노인간호학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the health status and health behavior practices of elders living in urban areas. Methods: The participants were selected by convenience sampling and consisted of 137 elders 65 or over living in a city in Kyunggi Province. Data collection was done through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the participants. 66.4% perceived their health status as 'not healthy'. The average number of present illnesses reported by the elders was 1.7. The average scores for health behavior practices were low (smoking cessation: 1.64, drinking abstinence: 1.79, exercise: 0.40, regular diet: 1.54, weight control: 1.67, regular physical check-up: 0.77). The scores for health behaviors practices showed significant differences according to general characters and health status. Conclusion: Health promotion programs for elders should be designed to enhance health behaviors practices.

석유 화학 공장 폐수처리를 위한 고정생물막공법의 Pilot Plant 적용

이종현,남해욱,김미화,박태주 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究報 Vol.16 No.-

The pilot plant of biological fixed-film process(BFFP) was developed to treat the petrochemical wastewater with high organic loading rate, where a stationary biofilm was attached to net-type media(SARAN 1000D) under diffused aeration. The specific surface area of SARAN 1000D was 400 ㎡/㎥ approxirnately. The organic removal ability was tested in the pilot-scale three biological fixed-film reactors. The pilot scale reactor demonstrated more than 95% effciency in removing chemical oxygen demand(COD) at B reactor with 20% Packing ratio. The reactor also showed stable performance at the organic loading rates of 1.27~3.12 ㎏ COD/㎥/day. The effluent COD and SS concentrations of the pilot scale reactors were more unstable than those of the lab scale reactors. Based on the experimental results, the BFFP could be suitable for pre-treatment petrochemical wastewater with relatively high organic loading rate.

분산 환경에서 Agent를 이용한 LCL 화물 정보 시스템

이달상,김태화,반상우,전성호 한국경영과학회 2001 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1(1)

LCL은 컨테이너에 화물을 적재할 때 한 화주가 컨테이너의 공간을 전부 사용하는 FCL과 달리 여러 명의 화주가 각자의 화물을 한 컨테이너에 적 재하는 방식을 말한다. 기존의 LCL 업무에서는 화주가 운송할 화물이 하나의 컨테이너 전체를 사용하려하지 않을 때 LCL Cargo를 선박회사에 신청하고 선박회사는 이러한 업무를 대행해 주는 Forward에게 의뢰하게되고 Forward는 컨테이너의 남는 CBM(cubic met er )을 채울 화물의 화주들을 모집하는 형태와 화주가 화물을 적재하고 남은 CBM이 있으면 선박회사가 직접 Forward에 의뢰하여 화주들을 모집하는 형태가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이들을 웹 상에서 서비스하는 LCL 화물 정보시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 화주가 LCL 화물 선적을 신청하게되면 선주가 선적 할 컨테이너에 대한 모든 정보와 적재된 화물의 정보 등을 실시간으로 제공하여 이에 다른 화주들이 자신의 LCL 선적할 화물에 대한 정보를 제공하게 되고 선주는 이런 정보들을 바탕으로 컨테이너에 LCL 선적할 화주를 결정하는 방식과 화주가 LCL 화물 선적 신청을 위해 화물에 대한 정보를 미리 제공한 정보를 바탕으로 하여 화주를 결정하는 방식 등이 제공된다. 이러한 방식들에 의해 화주를 선정하기 위해서는 제공되는 정보들을 바탕으로 한 적절한 정책이 필요하다. 이 정책은 시스템내의 Agent들에 의해서 이루어지며 이 Agent들은 정책을 바탕으로 화주를 결정하는 것뿐만 아니라, 인터페이스를 통하여 제공되는 정보를 모으는 역할, 그리고 데이터베이스로부터 정보를 가져오고, 새로운 정보를 관리하는 역할 등을 수행하도록 한다. 이러한 일들을 전담하는 Agent를 각각 두어 서로간의 통신을 통한 협력 구조를 이루도록 한다. 그리고 데이터베이스의 접근에 있어서도 CORBA를 이용하여 이 기종의 시스템들에 분산된 데이터베이스에 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 하여 보다 많은 정보를 바탕으로 시스템을 운영할 수 있다.