서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1990)

김재홍,김한중,노영석,김영태,김중환,황규홍,이정덕,백승철,김건우,조상현,김준영,김석민,김영호,김상순,이승한,김방순,전덕규,하상근 대한화학요법학회 1992 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhoeae cases isolates at the VD clinic of Choong-ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1990, 162 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 80 were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1987, thereafter, it has been stationary.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

플립칩 솔더 접합부의 신뢰성 평가를 위한 보드레벨 낙하해석

김성걸,김주영,김상현,양우찬,정호동,김재호 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Recently, with the trend towards miniaturization and multi-functionality in electronic products such as mobile phone, miniature IC packages such as Flip Chip package have brought new reliability problems. Reliability of IC packages during the drop impact becomes a critical issue. A Flip Chip package with solder bump composition of Sn-1.2Ag-O.7Cu was modeled, and dynamic response of the drop was analyzed by implicit finite element. analysis (FEA) with ANSYS Multiphysics. Also, model analysis was performed. In the results of the drop impact simulation, the stress and strain state in the solder joints were determined. Various peak acceleration shock G-levels and 0.5msec duration time were applied on the basis of JEDEC standard such as JESD22-B111.

합성수지 충전물을 이용한 충전탑에서 암모니아 처리에 관한 연구

김장호,김형호,김종수,김재홍,이경재 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2003 硏究報告 Vol.25 No.2

In this study, packed column was chosen so as to remove ammonia gases, kinds of odor generated from industrial fields. Random packing 35mm Pallring pp., that is suitable for the environmental protection industry, was used because the packings are comparatively simple and easy to manufacture. Random packings 35mm Pallring, PP. has a form of lattice as plastic(po1ypropylene). By studying the characteristics for packing by experiment of dry pressure drop, hydraulic pressure drop, liquid hold-up and mass transfer, packed column is made as 300 [mm] in diameter, 1400 [mm] in height, the applicable criteria to the noxious gas treatment process was presented as follows.

3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response through the Activation of Nrf2 Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells

( Jae Won Lee ),( Yong Jun Choi ),( Jun Ho Park ),( Jae Young Sim ),( Yong Soo Kwon ),( Hee Jae Lee ),( Sung Soo Kim ),( Wan Joo Chun ) 한국응용약물학회 2013 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.21 No.1

3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid (THC) is a derivative of hydroxycinnamic acids, which have been reported to possess a variety of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective activities. However, biological activity of THC has not been extensively examined. Recently, we reported that THC possesses anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. However, its precise mechanism by which THC exerts anti-inflammatory action has not been clearly identified. Therefore, the present study was carried out to understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism of THC in BV2 microglial cells. THC effectively suppressed the LPS-induced induction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-a, and IL-1b. THC also suppressed expression of MCP-1, which plays a key role in the migration of activated microglia. To understand the underlying mechanism by which THC exerts these anti-inflammatory properties, involvement of Nrf2, which is a cytoprotective transcription factor, was examined. THC resulted in increased phosphorylation of Nrf2 with consequent expression of HO-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. THC-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2 was blocked with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, indicating that p38 MAPK is the responsible kinase for the phosphorylation of Nrf2. Taken together, the present study for the first time demonstrates that THC exerts anti-inflammatory properties through the activation of Nrf2 in BV2 microglial cells, suggesting that THC might be a valuable therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of inflammation-related disorders in the CNS.

고효율 충전탑에서 MEA 및 AMP 흡수제를 이용한 이산화탄소의 처리

김장호,김형호,강성진,김재홍,이경재 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2003 硏究報告 Vol.25 No.2

In control technology of green house gas CO₂ exhausted, CO₂ recovery by chemical absorption technology is recommended. In application to a power station and industrial field with using the absorbent MEA and AMP for carbon dioxide removal. we used packing tower(D=0.l5m, H=1.05m) for experimental apparatus on the chemical absorbtion being used extensively as recovery technique of CO₂.

Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponins attenuate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions via suppression of NF-kB and STAT1 and activation of Nrf2/ARE-mediated heme oxygenase-1

( Jae Ho Choi ),( Sun Woo Jin ),( Eun Hee Han ),( Bong Hwan Park ),( Hyung Gyun Kim ),( Tilak Khanal ),( Yong Pil Hwang ),( Minh Truong Do ),( Hyun Sun Lee ),( Young Chul Chung ),( Hee Suk Kim ),( Tae 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.24 No.0

Purpose: The consequences of precipitously rising allergic skin inflammation rates worldwide have accelerated the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD). Natural product-based agents with good efficacy and low risk of side effects offer promising prevention and treatment strategies for inflammation-related diseases. We have already reported that Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponins (Changkil saponins, CKS) have many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, but its influence on AD remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of CKS, mainly platycodin D, on AD-like skin symptoms in mice and the possible mechanisms in cells. Methods: Mice were sensitized and challenged with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Four weeks after challenge, mice were treated with oral administration of CKS for 4 weeks. In addition, cells were used to evaluate the effect of CKS, mainly platycodin D, on the TARC expression regulated mechanism. Results: CKS attenuated DNCB-induced dermatitis severity, serum levels of IgE and TARC, and mRNA expression of TARC, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in mice. Histopathological examination showed reduced thickness of the epidermis/dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells and mast cells in the ears. Moreover, CKS and platycodin D inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC expression through the suppression of NF-κB and STAT1 and induction of Nrf2/ARE-mediated hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in cells. Conclusion: We suggest that CKS and platycodin D inhibited the development of AD-like skin symptoms by regulating cytokine mediators and may be an effective alternative therapy for AD-like skin symptoms.ⓒ2014 Elsevler Gmbh. All rights reserved.

소뇌연수열 박리를 이용한 상부 뇌교종양의 절제 : 증례보고 a case report

김영규,민경수,이무섭,김동호,김호재 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2003 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.13 No.2

뇌교 및 연수에서 발생한 병변은 뇌간에 중요한 신경구조물들이 밀집하여 수술적 적출에 따르는 심각한 신경학적 장애가 발생할 가능성이 매우 높다. 병변이 제 4뇌실 전방에 위치한 경우는 제 4 뇌실바닥을 통하여 뇌간조직을 절개하여야 하므로, 이 부위의 해부학적인 이해와 수술적 접근방법을 알고있어야 신경학적 손상을 최소화 할 수 있다. 저자들은 상부뇌교에서 발생한 낭성 양성 신경교종을 적출하기 위하여 소뇌충수를 보존하면서 좌측 소뇌연수열 접근법으로 제 4 뇌실바닥 상부까지 노출할 수 있었으며, suprafacial triangle을 절개하여 신경학적 후유증 없이 종양을 성공적으로 절제할 수 있어 증례보고와 함께 제 4 뇌실바닥 노출 방법의 하나인 소뇌연수열 접근법과 제 4 뇌실바닥 수술적 절개와 해부학적 특성에 대한 문헌 고찰을 하였다. Surgical removal of brain stem pathology causes high risks for neurologic deficits because of compact aggregation of important neural structures and complex anatomy. For the removal of pathologies which are located anterior to the floor of fourth ventricle in the brain stem, exposure of variable extents of the floor of fourth ventricle and incision of rhomboid fossa are necessary. In order to minimize postsurgery neurologic sequale for the removal of these pathologies, understanding of anatomy and surgical approach is very important. Authors successfully removed upper pontine benign cystic glioma by trans–medullary fissure approach without vermian incision to exposure floor of fourth ventricle and by incision of suprafacial triangle of rhomboid fossa without causing further neurologic deficit. Surgical technique of transcerebellomedullary approach and surgical anatomy of rhomboid fossa are discussed with report of a surgical case.

만성 경막하혈종의 단순 천공 배액술후 재발 및 두개강내 합병증 발생과 관련된 요인

김영규,민경수,이무섭,김동호,복원길,홍석기,김호재 충북대학교 의학연구소 2001 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.11 No.2

연구목적: 만성 경막하혈종은 두개골 천두술및 혈종배액으로 쉽게 치료될 수 있는 예후가 양호한 질환으로 알려져 있으나, 혈종의 재발 및 합병증이 드물지 않게 발생하기도 한다. 본 연구는 두개골 천두술 및 혈종배액으로 치료받은 102예의 만성 경막하혈종 환자들을 분석하여 혈종의 재발 및 수술후 합병증과 관련된 요인들을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 만성 경막하혈종으로 진단되어 두개골 천두술 및 혈종배액술법으로 본원 신경외과에서 수술치료받은 102명의 환자를 대상으로 하였고, 입원진료기록 및 방사선소견을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 재발 및 합병증의 발생과 관련된 요인으로는 수술전 환자의 나이, 의식상태, 양측성여부, 뇌실질의 위축정도, 수술후 기뇌의 양, 전신질환여부에 대하여 분석하였다. 결과: 재발의 빈도는 9.8% 였으며 재발과 관련된 요인으로는 양측성, 고령, 수술후 뇌실질재팽창정도(뇌 실질위축, 잔여수액, 기뇌)가 관계가 있었으나 환자의 예후에는 영향이 없었다. 합병증의 종류에는 수술후 급성출혈 5예 및 경막하 농양 1예가 있었으나 이는 모두 출혈성전신질환 또는 면역결핍증이 동반된 환자에서 발생하였고 예후가 불량하였으며, 긴장성 기뇌가 1예발생 하였다. 결론: 전신질환의 동반여부가 합병증의 발생 및 환자의 예후에 가장 중요한 영향을 미쳤으며, 비록 예후에는 영향이 적으나 혈종의 재발의 빈도가 드물지 않으며 기뇌의 방지 및 배액방법의 개선으로 재발의 빈도를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : Most of chronic subdural hematomas(SOH) are amenable disease with simple cranoistomy drainage, but the recurrence of SDH or development of complications after surgery is not uncommon. To see the prognostic factors related to outcome the recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma and development of complication were analysed in 102 cases of chronic SDH after craniostomy drainage. Materials and Methods: We studied 102 chronic SDH patients treated with craniostomy drainage. Clinical and radiological records were reviewed retrospectively. We analysed the recurrence and complication rate, factors related to the development of recurrence and complications. Results: The rate of recurrence of chronic SDH was 9.8% and factors related to recurrence were bilaterality, old age, and postoperative intracranial environments for brain reexpansion(degree of brain atrophy, amount of residual fluid, amount of intracranial air). Intracranial complications after surgery were developed in 7 cases(6.9%), 5 postoperative bleedings, 1 tension pneumocephalus, 1 subdural empyema. Conclusion : Preoperative clinical condition and association of serious sytemic disease were of major importance in prognosis. The recurrence of chronc SDH was not uncommon, Even though the recurrence was not related to the outcome, great care should be paid on the patients with high risk group.