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김영태 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.1
It is acknowledged that The Symbolist Movement in Literature, 1899 by Arthur Symons had a profound effect upon the symbolism of Yeats's poetry. But Yeats was a symbolist poet before he learned of the French symbolism. His symbols were fixed in youth and then renewed in later life. He relied his symbolic structures upon what he learned in Theosophy from 1877 to 1890, in the Golden dawn from 1890 to 1901, and upon the three years' study of Blake's poetry from 1889 to 1892. Therefore most of his early symbols were Irish and occult. Yeats's main symbols in his early works are the four elements of Theosophy-earth, fire, water, and air-sun, moon, rose, bird, dance, mask and tower. This is an attempt to investigate how the resources of Yeats's symbolist theory relate to occultism, mysticism and Irishism, not to the French symbolism. In the first place, I shall define Yeats's concept of symbolism and his two kinds of symbols: emotional and intellectual. In the second place, I shall trace symbolic theories of the Theosophical Society, the Golden Dawn and Blake's antithesis theory. Finally, the theosophical-magical-mystical symbols are discussed by evaluating his early poems.
William Butler Yeats: Unity of Being의 추구
김영태 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.1
Yeats began in the tradition of self-conscious romanticism which was learned from the London poets of the 1890's. In his early work he lingered between fairyland and spirit; but he realized his mistakes when he participated in the social activities such as Irish Literary Movement and the founding of the Irish National Theatre. By the end of the century he became aware of the gulf between what he was in actuality and what he was in his dreams. This study is an attempt to investigate how he symboligzes his antitheses theory and achieves Unity of Being: the union of matter and spirit, of God and man. In the first chapter I shall trace the background of Yeats's antitheses theory and his Unity of Being. In the second chapter themes and symbols in his poems of 1920's and 1930's are discussed. In Sailing To Byzantium, 1927 Yeats denies the desire of natural things by pursuing his spiritual quest. However, the later Byzantium, 1930 shows an essential difference. Yeats wants to reconcile world and spirit, body and soul, life and death. Finally Yeats comes to realize that art(spirit) must and simultaneous. "Labor", "dancing", "blossoming" "great-rooted blossomer" "green laurel" are yeats' main symbols meaning Unity of Being.