Development of a Reduction Algorithm of GEO Satellite Optical Observation Data for Optical Wide Field Patrol (OWL)

Sun-youp Park,Jin Choi1,Jung Hyun Jo,Ju Young Son,Yung-Sik Park,Hong-Suh Yim,Hong-Suh Yim,Hong-Kyu Moon,Young-Ho Bae,Jang-Hyun Park 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.3

An algorithm to automatically extract coordinate and time information from optical observation data of geostationary orbit satellites (GEO satellites) or geosynchronous orbit satellites (GOS satellites) is developed. The optical wide-field patrol system is capable of automatic observation using a pre-arranged schedule. Therefore, if this type of automatic analysis algorithm is available, daily unmanned monitoring of GEO satellites can be possible. For data acquisition for development, the COMS1 satellite was observed with 1-s exposure time and 1-m interval. The images were grouped and processed in terms of “action”, and each action was composed of six or nine successive images. First, a reference image with the best quality in one action was selected. Next, the rest of the images in the action were geometrically transformed to fit in the horizontal coordinate system (expressed in azimuthal angle and elevation) of the reference image. Then, these images were median-combined to retain only the possible non-moving GEO candidates. By reverting the coordinate transformation of the positions of these GEO satellite candidates, the final coordinates could be calculated.

간접 적응 극배치에 의한 이산 비최소 위상 공정 제어에 관한 연구

崔洪圭,李泰奉 弘益大學校 1990 弘大論叢 Vol.22 No.2

In general, most of real discrete time processes have nonminimum phase characteristic. In this case, to get desired control perfermance of plant, it must be avoided of canceling unstable zeros. In this paper, an indirect adaptive pole placement controller is proposed to control a nonminimum phase plant. To estimate plant parameters, the parametized decrete adaptive observer is used and exponentially weighted least-square adaptive law is applied to it. The effectiveness of proposed controller has been demonstrated by computer simulation carried out for a second order plant.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

麥類條播機用 上向切削 로터리의 碎土性과 所要動力에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ)

崔圭洪,洪顯裕,李承奇 建國大學校 附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1993 農資源開發論集 Vol.18 No.-

본 시험은 麥類畦立細條播機 逆回轉 로터리 作業時 耕深을 16cm로 고정하고 耕耘 피치 및 토양수분 차이가 PTO軸의 토크와 所要動力 排水溝의 형상 및 쇄토율 등에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 벼 수확을 마치고 벼그루가 남아 있는 埴壤土의 논에서 시험을 실시하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) PTO軸의 平均토크 및 最大토크는 토양수분에 따라 차이는 있지만 逆回轉 로터리의 耕耘 토크는 耕耘 피치 6cm이하에서는 耕耘 피치 증가에 따라 직선적으로 증가하지만 耕耘 피치 6cm이상에서는 耕耘 피치 증가에 관계없이 거의 일정한 경향이었다. 2) 作業速度와 排水溝 殘存흙 및 覆土狀態는 逆回轉 로터리의 주행속도가 느릴수록 또 PTO回轉速度가 빠를수록 양호하여 주행속도 1단 PTO 3단에서 가장 좋게 나타났다. 3) 쇄토율은 耕耘 피치가 증가할수록 또 토양수분이 높을수록 쇄토율은 떨어지는 경향이었으며, 충분한 碎土程度를 얻기 위하여는 耕耘 피치를 3cm이하로 하고 가능한 토양수분 함량 31.7%(d.b) 이하에서 작업하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단되었다. 4) PTO軸의 所要動力은 작업속도 1∼4단 로터리 變速段數 1∼3段에서의 PTO軸 所要動力은 토양수분 38.0%(d.b)일 때 5.1∼14.5ps, 35.5%(d.b)의 경우 7.9∼14.2ps, 31.7%(d.b)일 때는 4.6∼12.7ps로 나타나 토양수분이 증가할수록 소용동력은 증가하다가 다시 감소하는 경향이었다. 5) 覆土狀態는 耕耘 피치가 적을수록 양호하여 주행속도 1단 PTO 3단의 경우 가장 좋았으며, 작업능률면을 고려할 때 排水溝 程度, 覆土狀態, 所要動力 및 作業能率 등을 고려할 때 畦立 로터리 파종작업시 PTO變速段數는 3단으로 하고 주행단수는 토양수분 함량 31.7%(d.b) 내외에서는 3단, 토양수분함량 35.5%(d.b) 내외에서는 2단, 토양수분 함량 38.0%(d.b) 이상에서는 1단으로 작업하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to investigate the soil pulverization rate and power requirement of up-cut rotary of wheat and barley drill seeder for tractor by tilling pitch and soil moisture content. The experiment was conducted in the paddy field of clay roam remaining stem of paddy rice after harvesting. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Average and maximum torque of PTO shaft was increased in proportion with tilling pitch in less than 6cm, but was apt to definite over than 6cm of tilling pitch. 2) The working speed, status of remaining and covering soil in drainage was good in proportion with decrease the travelling speed of up-cut rotary and increae the revolutions per minute. Therefore, the working status in drainage was best in forward first gear and PTO third stage. 3) The soil pulverization rate was decreased according to increase the tilling pitch and soil moisture content. It was concluded that tilling work in 31.7 percent of soil moisture content and less than 3cm of tilling pitch would be good. 4) The power requirement of PTO shaft by soil moisture content were 5.2∼14,5ps in 38.0 percent, 7.9∼14.2ps in 35.1 percent and 4.6∼12.7ps in 31.7 percent soil moisture content. So the power requirement of PTO shaft was apt to increase in proportion with soil moisture content the first and decrease the last. 5) The status of soil covering was good in forward first gear and PTO third stage. When it was considered the status of drainage, covering the soil and power requirement in working performance, it was concluded that the PTO stage would be third and working speed would be forward third gear in 31.7 percent, forward second gear in 35.5 percent and forward first gear in 38.0 percent of moisture content.

위생적인 학교급식을 위한 연구

최홍규 全州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 1998 初等敎育硏究 Vol.9 No.-

Some experiments were carried out with a view to finding out the means of supplying hygienic food to the students at schools. To find out the source of infection, the researcher counted the number of bacteria found in the cafeteria trays which were treated under different conditions of sterilization. The number of bacteria found in side dishes was also counted. The following are the results : School cafeterias in general sterilize their trays by putting them in the hot airsterilizer at 110℃ for two hours after they clean them with an automatic dishwasher. These trays contain relatively many bacteria(91 bacteria per tray at P Elementary School Cafeteria ; 1,087 bacteria per tray at N Elementary School Cafeteria). If the trays were filed up at intervals of 2~3mm in the hot air sterilizer, however, the number of detected bacteria was remarkably decreased under the same condition of sterilization(4 bacteria per tray at P Elementary School Cafeteria ; 14 at N Elementary School Cafeteria). 6,675 bacteria per gram were detected from cabbage salad and 60,682 bacteria per gram were detected from cucumber mixture with red pepper paste. The source of infection in case of cabbage salad was mayonnaise. Red pepper paste was the source of infection in case of cucumber mixture, but most of bacteria found in red pepper paste were benefical ones, Bacillus subtilis.

일반 또래 아동과의 상호작용을 통한 정신지체아동의 언어 유형 분석

최성규,김홍도 한국특수교육문제연구소 2001 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the language categories of children with mental retardation in the application of dynamic language programs. Three children with mental retardation were participated to analyze the language categones. The dynamic language programs were developed to apply between normal children and the subjects. Three normal children who were attending same classes with the subjects used the programs to interact with the three subjects. The investigation design without any research design was utilized for experimental research. Total ten sessions were applied. The time of each sessions was thirty minutes. The language categories based on B. F. Skinner's verbal behavior such as echoic, mand, tact, intraverbal, codic, and autoclitic were collected from thc three children with mcntal retardation when the three children interact with the three normal children responded from the normal children’s asking by thc language programs. The results were that: (a) language categories were analyzed by the programs; and (b) the most frequently language was intraverbal, and the second frequency of the language responses was autoclitic, howcver, the other four language categories were not presented. Thcrefore. this study concluded that the intraverbal is most important language cate당 ory for the children with mental retarded 본 연구의 목적은 정신지체아동과 또래아동과의 상호작용 프로그램을 적용하여 정신지체이동의 언어유형을 분석하고자 하였다. 언어유형은 B. F. Skinner의 Verbal Behavior 역동적 이론에 기초한 복제, 명령, 지칭, 상호, 기호, 자발언어 등이다. 프로그램 적용 방법은 역동적 방법을 이용하여 접근하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 특수학급에 재학중인 정신지체아동 3 명이었다. 정신지체아동의 또래 아동과의 상호적용에서 나타난 언어유형은 상호언어와 자발언어였다. 상호언어와 자빌언어의 증감은 상호 영향을 미치고 있었다. 따라서 상호작용을 통한 언어지도 방안이 정신지체아동의 언어지도의 기초가 될 수 있음을 본 연구결과는 시사하고 있다.

3個의 耕耘날을 利用한 平衡振動式 耕耘裝置(Ⅴ) : 運動解析과 要因分析

金成泰,金容煥,崔圭洪,金成泰 慶尙大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.27 No.1

This is the fifth part of series of reports on the study on a blanced-type oscillating tillage implement using triple blades system. Previous reports were made on the characteristics of power requirement and vibration with which tillage implements were oscillated parappep and perpendicular to the travelling direction. In this paper, the locus and motion analysis of the tillage blade and factor analysis were carried out. Obtained results are as follows : 1. The loci od the blade edge were described as helix curve at vertical oscillation and as lacerated curve at horizontal oscillation to the soil bin movement. 2. The motion equations of blade edge are estimated as follows. Vertical forced vibration ?? ?? Horizontal forced vibration ?? ?? 3. The multiple regression equations for resultant oscillating acceleration draft, specific resistance, and torque were established by using frequency, amplitude, life angle of tillage blade, and velocity of carriage as indepentent vibrations, respectively. 4. By reducing the velocity ratio is increased providing higher effect of the reduced draft. But this effect contradicted to achieve the reduced osillating acceleration. Both effects should be considered simultaneously to find out the optimum operating condition. 5. The reduction effect of the oscillating acceleration was slightly favoured to the horizontal forced vibration type, but traction efficiency could be lowered due to the increased slippage. Therefore, it can be concluded that the vertical forced vibration type is more appropriate considering overall performances. 6. From the experimental results, the optimum operating conditions of the vertical forced vibration type are recommended as follow ; life angle 30 degree, operation velocity 0.15 metre per second, amplitude 4-6 millimetre, and frequency 22.5 hertz.

이유백서에서 교근절제후 하악과두의 면역조직화학적 연구

최남기,양규호,최홍란 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any correlation between temporomandibular joint dysfunction and structure of the mandibular condyle. Weanling rats had their masseter muscles resected and immunohstochemical findings were observed with a light microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1.The condylar cartilage region was divided into articular,proliferating,cartilage cell and hypertrophic cell layers according to cell morphology. 2.In light microscopic views,the proliferating and cartilage cell layers of the experimental group decreased gradually and at the 8th week significantly. 3.In immunohistochemical staining for type Ⅰand Ⅱ collagen,a reaction was detected in the lower part of proliferating cell and cartilage cell layers.In the cartilage cell layers,a stronger cellular reaction was present.Immunohistochemical staining for type Ⅱ collagen reacted more strongly than that Ⅰ collagen. 4.In immunohistochemical staining for proteoglycan,the staining of the experimental group resembled the control group and gradually showed a weak reaction.The proliferating and cartilage cell layers reacted more strongly then hypertrophic cell layer. 5.In immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),the strong reaction was detected in the nucleus of the proliferating cell layer both in control and experimental groups.But the thickness of the proliferating layer decreased in experimental group,consequently the reaction of the experimental group was reduced more than that of the control group.

韓國産 野生油脂 植物의 디-젤機關 代替燃料 開發에 관한 硏究

崔圭洪,李麗夏,趙台煥,洪性珏 建國大學校附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1982 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

本 硏究는 國內에 自生하는 木本植物의 種實油로서 디젤 및 石油엔진의 代替에너지로 쓸 수 있는지를 調査하기 위해 시도되었다. 운향科, 대극科, 국화科 및 콩科에 속하는 몇몇 植物의 採油量과 代替에너지로서의 品質을 調査하였고, 아울러 採油하고 남은 油粕이 動物飼料로서 쓰일 수 있을지도 硏究하였다. 上記한 種實油 중 輕油 및 石油에 쉽게 溶解되는 쉬나무의 種實油만이 엔진試驗에 쓰일 수 있었다. 本 實驗에서 種實油는 輕油 및 石油와 0%∼100%까지 여러 단계의 比率로 혼합 사용되었으며, 이로써 엔진始動試驗, 最大出力, 全荷重 및 過荷重에서의 燃料消費率, 調速性能, 無負荷回轉數 그리고 排氣가스 내의 炭火水素(HC)와 一酸化炭素(CO)의 量을 측정하였다. 本 實驗의 結果는 다음과 같다. 1) 種實油의 含量은 쉬나무의 경우 40%이고, 예덕나무 41%, 산초나무 38.5%, 주엽나무 2.3%였다. 예덕나무와 산초나무의 種實油는 採油한 후, 곧 固化되어 輕油 및 石油에 溶解되지 않았다. 쉬나무의 種實油만이 輕油 및 石油에 잘 녹았으므로 이로써 엔진試驗을 實施하였다. 2) 輕油와 쉬나무 種實油의 比重은 각각 0.840과 0.932였다. 輕油와 種實油의 混合油의 比重은 混合比가 커질수록 낮아졌다. 이를 디젤엔진에 사용해 본 結果는 다음과 같다. ① 最大出力은 常用回轉數 2,400rpm에서 D.C. Dynanometer로 測定한 바 種實油 0%의 경우 6ps였고, 30% 種實油는 6.2ps, 50% 種實油는 6.55ps, 70% 種實油는 6.7ps, 90% 種實油는 6.6ps였다. ② 4/4 全負荷의 경우, 燃料消費率은 種實油 100%의 경우 239g/ps-hr로 최소였으며 30% 種實油는 250g/ps-hr, 0% 種實油는 253g/ps-hr, 50% 種實油는 256g/ps-hr, 90% 種實油는 257g/ps-hr 그리고 70% 種實油는 258g/ps-hr이었다. 11/10 過負荷의 경우 種實油 90%의 경우 251g/ps-hr로 최소였으며, 70% 種實油는 253g/ps-hr, 30% 種實油는 259g/ps-hr 50% 種實油는 261g/ps-hr, 0% 種實油는 279g/ps-hr 그리고 100% 種實油는 281g/ps-hr이었다. ③ 調速性能比는 種實油 0%의 경우 6%인데 비해, 種實油 30∼100%에 있어서는 5∼5.7%였다. 安定速度變動率은 種實油 0%의 경우 5%인데 비해, 種實油 30∼100%에 있어서는 1.9∼5.5%였다. 일반적으로 混合油는 순수한 디젤油에 비해 뛰어난 調速性能을 나타냈다. ④ 無負荷回轉時 엔진시험에 사용된 모든 燃料는 공히 高速 3.030rpm, 低速 600rpm으로 꼭 같았다. ⑤ 排氣가스內의 HC(ppm) 및 CO(%)의 양을 측정한 바 種實油 0%의 경우 各各 800ppm과 0.05%였고, 30% 種實油는 500ppm과 0.04%, 50% 種實油는 500ppm과 0.03%, 70% 種實油는 500ppm과 0.03%, 90% 種實油는 450ppm과 0.03% 그리고 100% 種實油의 경우는 400ppm과 0.02%를 나타내었다. ⑥ 엔진始動이 可能한 潤滑油 溫度는 種實油 0%의 경우 -10℃였고, 50% 種實油는 -5℃, 70% 種實油는 -2℃, 90% 種實油는 3℃ 그리고 100% 種實油의 경우 5℃였다. 그러나 暖機運轉 後에는 모든 경우에 있어서 外氣溫度 -10℃에서도 始動이 可能하였다. 3) 石油의 比重은 0.785였고, 쉬나무 種實油와 混合油의 比重은 種實油의 混合比가 커질수록 증가하였다. 石油엔진의 경우 種實油 10%의 混合油로 엔진始動이 可能하였으나 plug의 汚損이 심했다. 繼續運轉時 plug에 堆積된 炭素 때문에 pre-ignition 및 knocking 現象이 일어났다. 種實油 20%의 경우 不完全燃燒로 인해 back fire現象이 일어나고 muffler에서 火焰이 生成되며 knocking 現象이 심하게 나타났다. 種實油 30%의 경우 엔진은 겨우 始動되지만 種實油가 氣化器의 main nozzle, air bleed jet 및 slow nozzle에 붙어서 심함 hunting 現象이 일어나고 엔진이 停止되었다. 4) 採油하고 남은 쉬나무의 油粕은 24%의 蛋白質을 含有하여 動物飼料로써 이용될 수 있는 可能性을 보였다. 이상의 結果에서 보듯이 쉬나무의 種實油는 石油엔진에는 쓰일 수 없으나 디젤엔진의 代替에너지로는 훌륭할 것으로 思慮된다. To know the possibility of fuel substitution for diesel and kerosene engine with the seed oil from the woody plants native in Korea, the seed oil from Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Compositae and Leguminosae was collected and examined in terms of the quantity and quality of the seed oil as the fuel substitute. The feasibility of animal feed substitution with the residuals after the oil extraction was also considered. Because of the solubility of the seed oil into diesel and kerosene, only the Evodia seed oil was used for the engine test. The seed oil was mixed with diesel or kerosene at the various ratioes; 0% to 100%, and the following tests were done; the engine starting, the maximum out-put, the fuel consumption rate each at the normal and over-loading condition, the governer performance, the rpm at the unloading condition and the content of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the burned gas of the diesel and the kerosene engine. The following results were obtained. 1) The content of seed oil was 40% of the dry weight of the seeds with Evodia daniellii Hemsley, 41% with Mallotus japonicus Muell.-Arg., 38.5% with Zanthoxylum schinifolium S. et Z., 2.3% with Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis(Nak.) Nakai. The seed oil from Mallotus japonicus and Zanthoxylum schinifolium became hard and was not soluble to diesel and kerosene. The seed oil from Evodia daniellii was easily soluble both to diesel and kerosene, so that the engine test was done only with the Evodia seed oil. 2) The specific gravity of diesel and the Evodia seed oil was 0.840 and 0.932 respectively. The mixed seed oil with diesel had proportionally lower specific gravity as the mixing percent increased. The following results were obtained with diesel engine. a) The maximum output of the diesel engine measured by D.C. Motoring Dynanometer at the 2400rpm of normal revolution was 6ps with the 0% seed oil, 6.2ps with the 30%, 6.55ps with the 50%, 6.7ps with the 70%, 6.6ps with the 90% and 6.6ps with the 100% seed oil. b) The rate of fuel consumption at the 4/4 normal loading was 239g/ps-hr with the 100%seed oil which had the least rate among the treatments and 250g/ps-hr with the 30%, 253/ps-hr with the 0%, 256g/ps-hr with the 50%, 257g/ps-hr with the 90%, 258g/ps-hr with the 70%. The consumption rate at the 11/10 overloading was 251g/ps-hr with the 90% seed oil which had the least rate, and 253g/ps-hr with the 70%, 259g/ps-hr with the 30%, 261g/ps-hr with the 50%, 279g/ps-hr with the 0% and 281g/ps-hr with the 100%. c) The coefficient of fluctuation of instantaneous speed was 6% with the 0% seed oil, while 5-5.7% with the 30% to 100%. The coefficient of fluctuation of stable speed was 5% with the 0% seed oil, while 1.9-5.5.% with the 30% to 100%. In general the mixed fuel showed excellent governer performance as compared with the pure diesel. d) Revolution at the unloading condition was 3030rpm at high speed, 600rpm at low speed in all combinations of oil-diesel mixture. e) The concentration of hydrocarbon(ppm) and carbon monoxide(%) was respectively 800ppm and 0.05% in the 0% seed oil, 500ppm and 0.04% in the 30%, 500ppm and 0.03% in the 50%, 500ppm and 0.03% in the 70%, 450ppm and 0.03% in the 90%, 400 ppm and 0.02% in the 100%. f) The lowest engine oil temperature at which the engine can start was -10℃ with the 0% seed oil, -5℃ with the 50%, -2℃ with the 70%, 3℃ with the 90% and 5℃ with the 100%. However, in case of using prewarmed engine, there were no difficulties in starting engine with all combination of oil at the air temperature of -10℃. 3) The specific gravity of kerosene was 0.785 and that of the mixture with the Evodia seed oil increased as the percentage of the seed oil increased. The kerosene engine was able to start with the 10% seed oil kerosene, but the plug was easily contaminated. On the continuous running, the pre-ignition and knocking occured because of the carbon accumulation at plug. With the 20% seed oil, incomplete combustion caused back fire, flame and knocking at the muffler. With the 30% seed oil, the engine was able to start with difficulties and the seed oil which sticked on the main nozzle, air bleed jet and slow nozzle in the carburetor caused serious hunting and the engine stopped. 4) The protein content of the Evodia seed residuals after the oil extraction was 24%, suggesting that could be used as animal feed. The above results suggested that the seed oil from Evodia daniellii can not be used in the kerosene engine but excellent fuel substitute in the diesel engine.

고등학교 지리교육과정운영의 특징과 개선방향 : 강원도지역의 제7차 교육과정시행을 중심으로 Focused on the Enforcing of the 7th Curriculum in Gangweon-do Area

최홍규 한국지리환경교육학회 2003 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.11 No.2

7차 교육과정에서 지리교과는 국민공통교과인 사회, 일반선택교과인 인간사회와 환경, 심화선택교과인 한국지리, 경제지리, 세계지리로 구성된다. 현행 통합사회과는 지리영역과 일반사회영역이 하나가 된 영역별 통합교과로서 함께 교수를 하면 비전공영역이 있게 되고, 분과별과 교수하면 교육과정 시행상에 위배가 되는 결과를 낳는다. 지리교사들은 통합사회과 운영이 성공적이지 못하다고 생각해서 철저히 분과적 운영을 원하고 있다. 또한 7차 교육과정의 통합사회과에 대비한 교사들의 준비가 미흡해서 학습자들에게 교육적인 피해를 줄 수 있는 구조적인 문제를 가지고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 지리교사들은 통합사회과 운영을 위해 주로 방학중 연수를 통해서 준비를 많이 하고 있으며 교육과정을 시행하기 전에 미리 체계적인 교사 연수를 하거나 교원양성대학의 교육체계가 개선되어 준비가 되기를 강력히 원하고 있다. 아울러 교육과정을 개정할 때는 학교 교육환경과 지리교사들의 의견을 충분히 참작하여서 현실감있고 실현 가능성 있는 교육과정이 준비되도록 노력해야만 하겠다. 지리교육을 통해서 학습자들에게 내면화될 가치관과 일상생활에서 적응하여 표출될 삶의 태도가 잘 형성되도록 학습자료와 교수학습 방법을 개선해 가야만 하겠다. In the 7th Curriculum, Geography consists of Social Studies(a national common subject), Human Society and Circumstances(a general selective subject), Korean Geography, Economic Geography, and World Geography(special selective subjects). Among these subjects, integrated Social Studies, which is composed of two categories, Geography and General Society, has two major problems; one is that there is a danger that non-majoring teachers may teach students when teaching as an integrated subject, and the other, that there may come a result that teachers go against the spirit and the rule of the 7th Curriculum when teaching as a divided subject. The most Geography teachers, thinking that it is unsuccessful to teach the subject as an integrated one, want positively Social Studies of the 1st graders to be instructed as a divided subject. And they insist that the integrated subject has structural faults and that they should have been prepared for the subject before the curriculum started. Curricular revision should take place, based on reality and realizability, with education circumstances of schools and opinions of Geography teachers fully considered in advance. Geography teachers should improve their teaching materials and teaching-learning methods in order for learners to form well the view-points inwardly and the attitudes for life outwardly through Geography education.