압출가설시 발생하는 휨모멘트의 최소화 조건을 통한 압출노즈의 최적설계

최항용(Choi Hang Yong),서석구(Suh Suk Koo),오명석(Oh Myung Seok),오세환(Oh Sae Hwan) 대한토목학회 2008 대한토목학회논문집 A Vol.28 No.4A

본 연구에서는 압출가설시 압출노즈와 가설거더 시스템의 거동에 대한 압출노즈의 휨강성비, 단위중량비 및 길이비의 영향을 살펴보고, 압출과정에서 발생하는 부모멘트 및 정모멘트를 최소화할 수 있는 압출노즈에 대한 최적조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 또한, 도출된 최적조건을 사용하여 압출노즈의 단위중량비와 길이비의 관계식을 유도하고 압출가설시에 발생하는 절대최대 정모멘트 및 부모멘트의 산정식을 제시하였으며 연속거더교량의 압출가설시에 사용되는 압출노즈의 최적설계 방안을 제안하였다. 기장 이상적인 압출노즈의 설계는 절대최대 부모멘트를 최소화하면서 절대최대 정모멘트의 발생을 억제할 수 있는 단위중량비 0.167, 길이비 0.836을 적용한 경우임을 확인하였다. The behavior of nose-deck system during launch was examined by three dimensionless launching parameters, such as the relative flexural stiffness, the relative nose weight, and the relative nose length. The techniques of optimizing the launching nose were illustrated and equations of relationship between relative nose weight and relative nose length were derived under minimum conditions of the launching negative and positive moment. Equations of maximum positive and negative moment were suggested under the conditions. The optimum design method of the launching nose was proposed in launched continuous girder bridges. It was found that the ideal launching nose was to design that with the relative nose weight of 0.167 and the relative nose length of 0.836 to minimize absolute values of the positive and negative moment during launch.

들창코 (Upturned nose)의 정도에 따른 다양한 코성형술

김재훈,오원석,박성완,김국현 대한미용성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.16 No.1

We should better not confuse "short nose" with "the nose that the tip of it turned upward regardless of its length". If we simply diagnose "the nose that the tip of it turned upward" as "short nose", we might have the risk of focusing on lengthening the whole nose instead of correcting the angle of the tip of the nose. We, therefore, started to call "the nose that the tip of it turned upward" differently from "short nose" in the cases of Asian patients who have relatively short and small noses. We then decided to classify "the nose that the tip of it turned upward" as "upturned nose". And, in revision cases, we have to be careful about changes of anatomical structures, and the usage of the amount of shared cartilages, we have to be fully aware of various operation procedures to correct upturned nose. Furthermore, we have to consider many other different ways of corrections that possibly need various types of grafts and suture techniques combined or modified from the usual procedures. We achieved satisfactory results by using this new paradigm of "upturned nose" and concepts of procedures to have the better result of reforming the "short nose". (J Korean Soc Aesthetic Plast Surg 16: 21, 2010)

20대 여성의 코의 형태에 따른 메이크업 적용

김정희 ( Jeong Hee Kim ),이경화 ( Kyong Hwa Yi ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to offer standardized nose shape of 20`s women for Application of make-up. In this study, photographs of 497 Korean female`s face in twenties were indirectly measured in Venus face2D program. The measurements were analyzed by statistical methods. The results is as follows; Korean female`s standard nose shape in twenties was suggested by the basic statistical data. Length of nose is 20.7mm, width of nose is 39.7mm, hight of nose is 13.1mm. As a result of cluster analysis, they are most common nose shapes. Type 1 of nose is the standard type. Type 2 of nose is long and wide of nose shape. Type 3 of nose is short, flat and bulbous nose. Type 4 of nose is well-cut nose. The results of nose type analysis indicates that Type 1 shows 34.6% position, Type 2 is 14.1%, Type 3 is 25.3%, Type 4 is 26%.

Template Extraction Algorithm using the Feature Analysis of Unique Patterns of Dog Nose Prints

Young-Hyun Baek 대한전자공학회 2021 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.10 No.2

This paper proposes a dog nose-print template-extraction algorithm using a feature analysis technique for unique nose-print patterns to recognize dogs. Dog recognition using nose prints begins with an accurate extraction of the unique shape, position, and direction feature information comprising a nose print. The proposed algorithm consisted of determining the object center of gravity, object size, and the distance information between the object center of gravity and inner approximation vertices for each unique nose-print pattern. Based on the features extracted from one nose-print shape, nose-print matching was performed by estimating the correlation between the position and direction of the neighboring nose-print patterns. Nose-print recognition test results using the template generated by the proposed method showed 100% matching rates when the registered and authenticated nose prints were identical. For different nose prints, the matching error rate was 4.59%, 1.14%, 0.12%, 0.02%, and 0% for a similarity of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% or more, respectively. The experimental results showed that the matching success rates of the same nose print were excellent. No false authentication occurred in the matching results for different nose prints when the similarity exceeded 50%.

L자형 실리콘 코삽입물과 방패 모양 연골이식을 이용한, 코안장점(Sellion) 이 낮은 비전형적인 짧은 코의 효과적 교정

김성민 대한성형외과학회 2004 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.31 No.6

The short nose is characterized by decreased distance from the starting point of nose, sellion to tip defining point and increased nasolabial angle with excessively increased nostril show. In Orientals there are many people who have short nose due to low caudal level sellion and small nasofrontal angle with low dorsum of nose, reduced tip projection and acute nasolabial angle although it is not a typical short nose. In this study we defined this nose as atypical short nose. Lengthening short nose is arguably the most difficult operation in aesthetic rhinoplasty. We have described here a simple and easy technique that correct atypical short nose by using L-type silastic nasal implant and shield-shape cartilage graft. From January 2002 to March 2004, the author attempted to lengthen nasal root by cephalic upward repositioning of sellion with L-type silastic nasal implant with open rhinoplasty approach and improve tip projection and cephalic rotation by using columellar srtut formation with L-type silastic nasal implant, interdomal suture and shield-shape cartilage graft which is harvested from concha in 18 cases. We have got the satisfactory results on aesthetic aspects in all patients without any complications. The change of nasal length was from 44.8mm to 45.7mm and nasal tip projection and cephalic rotation were successfully improved. Especially the patients were very satisfied with one's lateral nasal profile because of smooth curvature of nasal root and natural nasofrontal angle due to cephalic nasal lengthening by upward repositioning of sellion. In conclusion I think this procedure is an effective and simple method in correcting atypical short nose which is characterized by low caudal level sellion, low dorsum of nose and reduced tip projection in Orientals.

Nasal similarity measure of 3D faces based on curve shape space

Lv, Chenlei,Wu, Zhongke,Wang, Xingce,Zhou, Mingquan,Toh, Kar-Ann Elsevier 2019 Pattern recognition Vol.88 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We propose a novel method for measuring the nasal similarity among 3D faces. Firstly, we construct a representation for the nose shape, which is composed of a set of geodesic curves, each crosses the bridge of the nose. Next, using these geodesic curves, we formulate a similarity measure to compare among noses in the curve shape space. Under the Riemannian framework, the shape space is a quotient space for which the scaling, translation and rotation are removed. Since the nose similarity measure is based on the shape comparison, the proposed method has the following advantages: (1) the similarity measure is robust to facial expressions since the nose is not affected by facial expressions; (2) the geometric features of the nose shape match well with the human perception; (3) the similarity measure is independent of the mesh grid because the chosen nose curves are not sensitive to the triangular mesh model. We construct a nasal hierarchical structure for noses organization which is based on nose similarity measure results. In our experiments, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compare it with competing methods on three public face databases namely, FRGC2.0, Texas3D and BosphorusDB. The results show superiority of the proposed method in terms of both the speed and the accuracy when the nasal measurements are processed in the nasal hierarchical structure and the nasal samples with low sampling rate (5%-25% of original point cloud).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We present a representation of the nose shape. </LI> <LI> We propose a nasal similarity measure based on the metric of nose curves in the shape space. </LI> <LI> We construct a nasal hierarchical structure for nose statistical analysis. </LI> </UL> </P>

일본에 축조된 비총(鼻塚)의 의도와 대응책 연구

성기중 한국동북아학회 2012 한국동북아논총 Vol.17 No.4

There are many problems need to be solved before starting a desirable relationship between Korea and Japan. Among them, there is a problem of the Nose Mound which was built in Japan immediately after the Imjin Waeran (Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-1598). Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the Japanese leader who initiated the invasion, ordered the Japanese soldiers to bring to him the evidence of how many Koreans they killed at battlefields by cutting noses of dead Korean people. The mound is the tomb constructed by a Japanese monk by collecting numerous number of Korean noses to console the souls of the owners of those noses. The problem is that, though the Japanese argue that the mound was built to comfort the souls of dead Koreans, it is rather used as a decoration to admire the great ambition and achievements of Toyotomi, who is the most popular historical character among the modern Japanese. The mound is in front of the Toyokuni Shrine built to commemorate him. The reality that what reminds Koreans of the humiliating and tragic situation of the past among the Koreans is used as a tool for admiration of a Japanese hero is irrational. What can the Japanese youngsters learn from seeing the mound of Korean noses in front of the shrine of their hero?To Koreans, the Nose Mound is the cruelest and unprecedented case in the world. Since the noses belonged to Korean soldiers and people who fought against the Japanese invaders, they should have been returned to Korea long time ago. The Korean governments can be blamed for leaving the noses for over 400 years in the enemy country, forgetting the existence of the mound in Japan. Recently, however, not a few civil organizations have raised the issue and argue that the remnants of the noses should be back to Korea. This paper suggests a solution for the Nose Mound. While leaving the outward form of the mound on the current site, if it is agreed upon by Korea and Japan, what remain as contents of the mound even if they must have turned into just simple soil should be returned to Korea. The soil should be buried in a specific place which contains some important meaning regarding the Japanese invasion, and the place can be made into a memorial park to remind the Korean people of the reality of the Japanese invasion. In this globalization era, Korea and Japan should correct the wrong legacies of the past, whatever they are. The problem of the Nose Mound should be solved in the standard of internationally acceptable rational method, and should turn into a place of peace and cooperation for both Korea and Japan. 한‧일 양국간에 바람직한 미래를 위해 해결해야 할 여러 과제들이 있다. 그 중에 우리가 관심을 가지지 않았던 과제이었지만 한국인의 자존심에 깊은 상처를 준 것으로 임진왜란 이후에 축조되었고, 세계 역사상 가장 잔인하고, 유례를 찾아볼 수 없는 일본에 있는 한국인의 코무덤, 비총(鼻塚)문제이다. 토요토미 히데요시가 임진왜란 당시 조선인들의 코를 주로 베어 그 수로 전공(戰功)의 기준으로 삼았고, 이들 영혼의 공양(供養)을 위해 비총이라 이름하는 무덤을 축조하였다고 일본은 주장하지만, 침략전쟁의 공적을 후손들에게 널리 알리는 목적으로 수백년이 지난 지금까지 이용되고 있다. 또 이 비총이 토요토미 히데요시를 신(神)으로 섬기는 토요쿠니 신사(豊國神社) 앞에 있다는 것은 히데요시 공적의 하나로 과시하기 위한 무덤인 것이다. 전공의 기준으로 삼았던 전리품을 전공 찬양으로 둔갑시켜 후손에게 교훈으로 삼으면서 상대국에게는 공양이라는 허울로 자기합리화 시킨 것은 침략의 야욕이 아직도 그들에게 있다는 것을 증명하는 것은 아닐지 의심가는 바다. 이 비총이 400여년이 넘도록 이국땅 그것도 한맺힌 적국(敵國)의 땅에 그대로 방치되고 있었던 것은 우리 정부의 책임도 크다. 정부에서는 관심도 가지지 않았을 뿐 아니라 무대응으로 일관해 왔다. 이 논문을 통해 비총문제의 해결책을 제의한다. 비총의 외형은 그대로 두되 내용물은 상징적으로나마 이장(移葬) 환국조치하고 그곳은 추모비와 지금까지의 과정을 설명하는 안내판을 세운 공원으로 만들어 그야말로 양국에게는 역사의 교훈의 자리로 조성했으면 한다. 비총축조의 목적이 히데요시나 일본인들이 주장하는 정말 공양에 있다면 억울하게 생명을 잃은 영혼들을 위로해야함으로 그들이 원하는 것이 환국이라면 그대로 실행하는 것이다. 일본정부도 한국의 요구가 있으면 히데요시의 공양에 대한 의미를 확인시키기 위해서라도 찬성해야한다. 이제 우리는 세계화의 물결 속에 한·일간에 엇갈린 간극을 바로 잡고, 비총문제도 국제적인 합리성에 맞추어 지혜를 합하여 평화와 협력의 장소가 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

한국인 사비 환자의 치료

조용태,이은섭,김지선 대한이비인후과학회 2017 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.60 No.12

Background and Objectives The surgical techniques based on the classification system based on Western individuals for the correction of deviated nose should be modified because of the differences in the anatomy of the nose for Korean individuals. To evaluate the usefulness of a classification system that has been designed for the esthetics and deviated nose of Korean individuals, we used that to analyze the surgical outcomes of rhinoplasty for deviated nose for 76 Korean patients. Subjects and Method Seventy six patients who underwent rhinoplasty for deviated nose between January 2010 and June 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were classified with Jang’s classification system and surgical techniques were analyzed according to the classification. Surgical outcomes were evaluated based on the preoperative and postoperative photo taken of the patient’s nose. The degree of nasal deviation, tip projection index, nasofrontal angle and columellar-labial angle were measured. Results Deviated nose was classified into type I (34%), type II (26%), type III (13%), type IV (9%), and type V (17%). Preoperative and postoperative anthropometric measurements revealed that the mean degree of deviation changed from 8.84° to 3.01° (p<0.01); the tip projection index changed from 0.54 to 0.58 (p<0.01), and the degree of nasofrontal angle changed from 131.55° to 133.14° (p<0.01). Aside from the residual deviations, complications included a shifting of the dorsal graft, an inverted V-deformity from the depression of the middorsum after the spreader graft and incomplete hump removal. Conclusion Analysis based on the said classification system and personal esthetics showed good surgical outcomes for rhinoplasty to correct deviated nose. Therefore, it would be helpful to treat Korean patients for the correction of deviated nose by using both classification system and personal esthetics that are based on Korean individuals. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2017;60(12):646-52

일측 구순열비변형에서 음향비계측법(Acoustic Rhinometry)의 이용: 개열측과 비개열측의 비교

한기환,권혁준,김현지,김준형,손대구 대한성형외과학회 2006 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.33 No.1

The upper and lower lateral cartilages provide the key to the lower cartilaginous portion of the nose. Lifting the cartilages is essential procedure for correction of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. After correction of cleft lip nose deformity, authors used acoustic rhinometry (AR) to compare the lower nasal cavity of cleft side with non-cleft side. AR is a well known new, non-invasive diagnostic technique in which nasal geometry is assessed by means of acoustic reflection. From June 1996 to January 2004, we performed acoustic rhinometric analysis after correction of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. This study involved 40 children of age ranged from 3 months to 8 years. Subjects were divided into the group of incomplete unilateral cleft lip nose deformity(20 subjects), and the group of complete unilateral cleft lip nose deformity(20 subjects). Results show that lower nasal cavity volume between non-cleft side and cleft side has no difference, and better results were obtained when nasal molding prong was applied at cleft side nostril. The results between incomplete type and complete type have no significant difference. In conclusion, AR is an effective method to calibrate cross sectional area and nasal cavity volume of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity, and furthermore effective in comparing the volume of cleft side with non-cleft side after unilateral cleft lip nose deformity correction with lifting the lower lateral cartilages to the upper lateral cartilages.

Implementation of Nose and Face Detections in Depth Image

Kim, Heung-jun,Lee, Dong-seok,Kwon, Soon-kak Korea Multimedia Society 2017 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.4 No.1

In this paper, we propose a method which detects the nose and face of certain human by using the depth image. The proposed method has advantages of the low computational complexity and the high accuracy even in dark environment. Also, the detection accuracy of nose and face does not change in various postures. The proposed method first locates the locally protruding part from the depth image of the human body captured through the depth camera, and then confirms the nose through the depth characteristic of the nose and surrounding pixels. After finding the correct pixel of the nose, we determine the region of interest centered on the nose. In this case, the size of the region of interest is variable depending on the depth value of the nose. Then, face region can be found by performing binarization using the depth histogram in the region of interest. The proposed method can detect the nose and the face accurately regardless of the pose or the illumination of the captured area.