심층면접 방법의 실제 : 청주 지역사회 권력자들에 대한 심층면접 사례를 바탕으로 With Reference to a Study of Power Elites in Chongju Community

강희경 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 2000 한국사회과학 Vol.22 No.2

권력자를 연구하는 방법으로는 양적인 방법(표본조사)과 질적인 방법(심층면접)이 있지만, 표본수가 원천적으로 적을 수 밖에 없는 권력자(특히 지역사회 권력자) 연구에서는 기본적으로 비구조화된질문지를 통한 심층면접을 주로 사용한다.권력자들을심층면접할 때 부딪치는 첫번째 문제는 그들을 쉽게 만날 수 없다는 것이다.이것은 연구의 사활이 걸린 문제이다.이 연구에서는 연구기관이 대학이라는 것이 권력자들을 쉽게 접촉할 수 있게 하였다.다음으로 면접 대상자로 결정된 권력자들에 대하여 사전조사를 철저히 해야 한다.이를 위해 면접 자료 뿐만 아니라 권력자들의 저서,연설,공문서 등 2차 자료도 충분히 숙지한다.그리고 면접자는 면접상황(면접 상황,호의 여부 등)을 상세하게 기록한다. 심층면접을 보다 잘 하기 위해서는 특히 질문 문항에서 체계적인 사전 계획이 필요하다.그리고 연구 주제를 잘 정해야 한다.청주 연구에서도 버스 터미널 이전처럼 청주 지역사회 권력자들의 의사결정 과정을 알아볼 수 있는 주제를 정했는데, 이것에 관여한 응답자가 거의 없어서 결과적으로 성과를 거두지 못했다.기술적 문제로서 지키지 못할 약속을 하지 말아야 한다.이 연구에서는 응답자들에게 녹음 해독을 다시 제시하여 검토받을 것이라고 약속했으나 지키지 못하였다. Although both quantitative(sample survey) and qualitative(interview) methods are available most studies of power elites utilize unstructured interview method as the number of power elites are very few. I would like to mention two problems faced by researchers who try to administer in-depth interviews with power elites. First, it is not easy to mate appointments with power elites. Basically the study can not he carried out without meeting and interviewing them. Secondly, prior to the interview researchers must perform a thorough preparatory study regarding the interviewee(the power elite) including secondary materials such as his/her writings and speeches, relevant public documents as well as interview schedule for the study. The researchers must record in detail interview situations such as general atmosphere and the attitudes of the interviewee about specific topics. Four researchers(Min Kyonghee, Kang Hee-Kyung, Bae Youngmok, and Choi Youngchul Choi) carried out unstructured in-depth interview with 39 power elites out of total 52 power elites in Chongju Community from Feb. 14th through July 17th of 1995. The researchers wanted to find out the following: the existence of core power elites in Chongju, internal structure and the characteristics of this elite group, mechanisms through which power is wielded, decision-making processes among power elites in relation to different subjects. The fact that all four researchers were from a university in the region. * Professor of Sociology, Chungbuk National University. Research Area: Social Stratification. Major Publication: "Capital Accumulation and the Spatial Division of Classes: with Special Reference to the New Middle Class in Korean and Taiwan", The Population and Development Studies Center of Seoul National University Korea Journal of Population and Development, Vol. 20, No.1, 101-119. E-mail: kkhee255@trut.chungbuk.ac.kr. seemed to have helped with the first problem mentioned above: the researchers had easy access to power elites. A systematic preparatory planning especially with regard to interview questions is necessary in order to better utilize in-depth interview method. In addition, researchers must be careful in selecting the subject of study. For example, in the study mentioned above we selected the relocation of bus terminal as the subject of our study as it had a communitywide importance. However, not many of the interviewed power elites had anything to do with the issue and the study was not successful in grasping the decision-making process involved in the relocation of bus terminal. Lastly, a technical note should be mentioned: as a researcher one must not make a promise that cannot be kept. In our study researchers promised the power elites that they should be given a chance to review the interview record. But for various reasons the researchers were not able o keep the promise.

B 형 간염 에 있어서 IgM anti HBc 의 발현도 및 임상적 의의

김경희,강진경,문영명,송경순,김용범,최흥재,황용 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Testing for IgM antiHBc was useful to detecting the patients with negative and positive HBsAg viral hepatitis and may improve serodiagnostic accuracy when acute NANB and delta agent hepatitis occur in previousely unrecognized HBsAg carriers. Moreover, it may be a useful test in defining potentially high risk sources of exposure to hepatitis B virus. But it is not useful in distinguishing recent from remote infection because IgM antiHBc occasionally was found in chronic liver diseases, IgM antiHBc was found by ELISA in 32 patients with acute viral hepatitis B, 61 with chronic hepatitis B, 18 patients with liver cirrhosis, 36 healthy HBsAg carriers and l49 patients with positive antiHBc alone. We continuously evaluated HBsAg and liver function of the patients who had negative IgM antiHBc acute hepatitis. The results are summarized as follows: 1) IgM antiHBc was positive in 84.4% of acute hepatitis B, 4% of chronic hepatitis B, 5.5% of positive HBsAg liver cirrhosis, 2. 8% of HBsAg healthy carriers but was all negative in patients with positive antiHBc alone. 2) Three patients with negative HBsAg acute viral hepatitis was diagnosed by positive IgM antiHBc as acute viral hepatitis R. 3) During the follow-up of 5 patients with negative IgM antiHBc acute hepatitis, 2 patients were diagnosed as type B acute viral hepatitis because of disappearance of HBsAg and normalization of liver function. And another 3 patients were diagnosed as non-B acute viral hepatitis superimposed on HBsAg carrier or natural course of chronic hepatitis.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

경인지역 요양시설의 식사지원 서비스 실태

김정희,강순남,이경희,Kim, Jung Hee,Kang, Sun Nam,Lee, Kyung Hee 한국가정간호학회 2015 가정간호학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: This study was aimed at understanding meal services provided at long-term care facilities. Method: Interview survey was conducted using questionnaires at 254 facilities located in the Kyung-In area. Result: Of the residents, 37.4% were eating meals unassisted. Eating places included living rooms and residents' rooms in most facilities. Major noise source was television in 63.8%. Apron was applied to all elderly residents at mealtimes in 49.6% of the facilities. Half of the facilities used feeding utensils except for ordinary spoon and chopsticks. Of the facilities having individual prosthetic devices, dentures were applied before eating in 98%, glasses in 20.2% and hearing aids in 9.2%. Most facilities included the residents' favorite foods in menu: wheres, only 9.4% offered the menu which residents could choose. Conclusion: Standard guidelines and staff education for meal services need to be provided for elderly residents.

중년여성의 약물사용 실태 조사

이영선,김은경,김경숙,강경인,김희선,신성희,김은숙,최지선,신혜숙,황선기 여성건강간호학회 2001 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug use of middle aged women. The subject consisted of 330 middle aged women who ranged in age from 40 to 60 years. They were selected in Seoul, Kyung-Ki province, Korea. Data were collected by using questionnaires, from April, 10th to 30th 2001 and analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program using qui-square. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The proportion of drinking and smoking experience was 42.4%, 3.7%. The motivation of drug use was advised family and relatives(46.1%), doctor's order(39.4%), magazine and advertisement(14.5%). Most of middle aged women get the information on knowledge of drug from hospital(47.3%), magazines and advertisement(30.3%), advised family and relatives(22.4%). And 57.9% of the middle aged women didn't know side effect of the using drug and 13.9% of the middle aged women have had experienced with side effect. And the level of attitude on drug abuse in middle aged women was 43%. Most of the subjects(93.9%) didn't use alternative drugs, and they used more than 3 kinds of drugs(47%). 2. They used digestives(44.2%), applying ointments(41.8%), drinks(39.4%), analgesics(39.1%), laxatives(8.8%), anti hypertension drugs (8.8%), and anti-anemic drugs(8.8%) in their orders.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

단일 기관에서 경험한 소아청소년기 Kikuchi-Fujimoto병의 임상적 고찰

강희원,김한울,이소영,유경하,김혜순,유은선,최희정,김경효 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2018 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.41 No.4

Objectives: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is characterized by lymphadenopathy and fever, and is usually self-limited. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with KFD. Methods: This retrospective, observational, single-center study was conducted in South Korea from March 2008 to October 2015. KFD was diagnosed based on clinical, radiological or histological findings and excluded when there were any other causes of lymphadenopathy. Medical records were reviewed for clinical and laboratory manifestations. Results: A total of 35 cases were included. The mean patient age was 12.1±2.9 years (range, 5 to 17 years); the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.8. The main clinical manifestations were cervical lymphadenopathy and fever in 34 cases (97%). The mean duration of fever was 12.2±8.3 days (range, 2 to 37 days). We noted enlargement of lymph nodes in the cervical, mesenteric (n=5, 14%), axillary (n=2, 6%), and inguinal (n=1, 3%) regions. Hepatosplenomegaly, loss of appetite, and rash were observed. On laboratory examinations, elevation of ferritin, leukopenia, and positivity for anti-nuclear antibodies were frequently observed. Twelve patients underwent biopsy and 23 cases were diagnosed by radiological findings. The mean duration of hospitalization for all cases was 7.9±2.9 days (range, 3 to 13 days) and steroids were administered in 10 cases. KFD recurrence was observed in 2 cases (5.7%) with the time to relapse of 7 months and 4 years. There were no cases with systemic lupus erythematous or other autoimmune disease. Conclusion: KFD should be considered in pediatric patients with lymphadenopathy and prolonged fever. Patients with KFD should be monitored for recurrence and the development of autoimmune disease.

Grade 2, 4 티타늄 마이크로 임플랜트의 식립 및 제거 토크와 식립 후 조직학적 반응의 비교

강승택,권오원,성재현,경희문,박효상 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.3

마이크로 임플랜트는 순티타늄과 티타늄 합금을 사용하고 있다. 순티타늄의 경우 grade가 낮을 수록 생체적합성은 증가하나 기계적 성질이 낮다. 이에 본 연구에서는 순티타늄 grade 2와 grade 4를 재료로 한 마이크로 임플랜트를 각각 토끼의 다리뼈에 식립한 후 2, 8, 12주의 시간경과에 따른 조직학적 소견의 차이와 식립, 제거 시의 최대토크의 측정으로 그 티타늄 종류에 따른 차이를 살펴보았다. 토끼의 경골에 식립한 티타늄의 종류에 따른 식립시 및 시간의 경과에 따른 제거시의 토크를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, grade 2와 grade 4간의 식립 시 최대토크의 차이는 없었다. 둘째, 식립 후 2, 8, 12주 후의 제거 시 최대토크 측정에서 전체 마이크로 임플랜트의 그룹간 차이는 없었다. 셋째, 2주에서 8주로 시간이 경과함에 따라 제거 시 최대토크가 유의하게 증가하였으며 8주와 12주간에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 따라서 유지력은 grade 2 티타늄과 비슷하지만 물리적 성질이 더 단단한 grade 4 티타늄을 마이크로 임플랜트 재료로 사용하는 것이 좋은 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the light microscopic features and the maximum insertional and removal torque value of microimplants, made from titanium grade 2 or 4, in the tibia of 6 rabbits. First, the maximum torque values of microimplants at implantation were measured. After 2, 8, and 12 weeks of healing time, the microimplant-containing segments of tibia of 2 rabbits were removed and the maximum removal torque of each microimplant were measured. Comparisons of histologic examination and insertional and removal torque values were carried out for the two groups of microimplants. Removal torque values were significantly increased in both groups after 8 and 12 weeks as compared to 2 weeks after implantation. Other values measured did not show any statistically significant differences and there were no histological differences between grade 2 and 4 titanium. Based on these results, this study showed that there were no significant differences between grade 2 and 4 titanium. It seems better to use grade 4 titanium for making microimplants because grade 4 titanium is mechanically harder than grade 2 titanium and has similar retention.

미디어 산업에서 여성인력의 현황과 지위개선에 관한 연구 : 신문 분야를 중심으로

강미은,김경희 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2005 아시아여성연구 Vol.44 No.1

본 연구에서는 현재 신문사내 여성인력의 구조가 어떠한지를 분석하고, 뉴스생산과정에서 의사결정구조가 어떻게 이루어지는지를 고찰했다. 편집권 행사 과정에 여성이 얼마나 참여하고 있는지, 편집권력에 여성이 참여하지 못하는 이유는 무엇인지를 집중적으로 분석했다. 또한 여성인력이 신문사에 많이 진출하게 되면, 신문의 내용이 달라지는지를 분석했다. 이를 위해 여성장관 보도에 있어서 여성기자와 남성기자의 보도 경향을 비교 분석해 보았다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 여성기자는 남성기자 보다 여성장관에 대해 긍정적으로 보도했으며, 여성기자가 남성기자보다 성인지력이 높은 뉴스를 구성하고 있었다. 여성기자는 남성기자보다 도전적 여성상을 묘사하고 있으며 여성화합적인 보도를 하고 있었다. 또한 신문사 내의 여성 전문 인력에 대한 심층 인터뷰는 앞으로 조직 내의 성장 장애 요건들이 개선되기 위해서 어떤 점이 변화되어야 하는가를 보여준다. 고용 차별을 개선하기 위해서 여성 인력의 커리어 개발 시스템이 필요하다. 여성이 조직 안팎에서 성장하기 위해서 리더십 훈련을 할 필요가 있으며 간부들의 성인지력 훈련도 선행되어야 한다. 옴부즈맨이나 미디어 모니터를 강화해서 지면에 나타나는 성차별적인 컨텐츠에 대해서 인식시킬 필요가 있다. This study examines the structure of decision-making process in the newspaper industry. The way in which women reporters are placed in newspaper companies influences how gender-related articles are written. Also, this study investigates how women ministers are represented in various news articles. There were significant differences between the ways female reporters and male reporters write about women ministers. women reporters produce articles with more respect t gender equality. They represent women ministers in more positive ways. The results show that the gender of reporters influences the way news articles are written in respect to gender equality. In order to promote more active gender mainstreaming in newspapers, more women reporters need to be hired and promoted in newspaper companies. Also, more women reporters need to be involved in important decision making processes in newspapers. In-depth interviews with women reporters show some of the factors prohibiting women reporters from being promoted. Career development systems are necessary in order to place women reporters in higher-level jobs. Also, gender mainstreaming needs to be promoted among newspaper reporters regardless of their gender. Gender-sensitive awareness needs to be placed among reporters. Guidelines are needed to make gender-related articles better. Overall, more educational efforts need to be placed in order to promote gender equality in newspaper articles as well as newspaper organizations.

새마을 運動의 制度的 改善에 관한 硏究 : 地方自治制의 實施와 관련하여 Relating to the Adoption of Local Government System

姜熙申,姜景圭 명지대학교 새마을연구소 1989 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-