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김한울,이소영,이지현,우소연,김경효 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.23
Background: After the introduction of the meningococcal ACWY-CRM197 conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-CRM) in 2012 and the meningococcal ACWY-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-DT) in 2014, immunization was recommended for certain high-risk groups including new military recruits in Korea. However, comparative immunogenicity studies for these vaccines have not been performed in Korea. Here, we compared the immunogenicity of these two vaccines in healthy adults. Methods: A total of 64 adults, 20–49 years of age, were randomly divided into two groups (1:1) to receive either of the two vaccines. The sera were obtained before and 1 month after vaccination and tested for serogroup-specific serum bactericidal activity using baby rabbit complement. Results: There were no significant differences post-vaccination in the geometric mean indices and the seropositive rate to all serogroups between the vaccines. The proportion of seropositive subjects after vaccination ranged from 88% to 100%. Conclusion: Both meningococcal conjugate vaccines showed good immunogenicity in healthy Korean adults without statistically significant differences. Further investigations for serotype distribution of circulating meningococci and the immune interference between other diphtheria toxin-containing vaccines concomitantly used for military recruits are needed to optimize immunization policies.
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Atrioventricular Flow Wave Patterns before and after Birth by Fetal Echocardiography
김한울,이효연,백수진,홍영미 한국심초음파학회 2012 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.20 No.2
Background: Doppler echocardiographic measurements of both valves during intrauterine life can be used to calculate peak early filling velocity (E)/late peak atrial filling velocity (A) ratio as a single index of diastolic performance. The purposes of this study were to estimate the changes in atrioventricular valve flow from gestational age 37-40 weeks to 1 month of postnatal life and to clarify the difference in right and left ventricular diastolic filling patterns. Methods: Atrioventricular flow waves were analyzed in 24 full-term pregnant women by fetal echocardiography. Postnatal follow-up studies were performed at 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 1 week and 1 month. In each time point, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to interrogate Doppler waveform of E velocity, A velocity, total area under the curve (time velocity integral) and heart rate. Results: Mitral E/A ratio significantly increased from 0.7 ± 0.1 before birth to 1.0 ± 0.3 at postnatal 1 hour, 1.0 ± 0.2 at 1 week,and 1.5 ± 1.0 at 1 month. Tricuspid flow E/A ratio was 0.8 ± 0.3 before birth, 0.8 ± 0.1 at 1 hour, 0.8 ± 0.2 at 3 days, 0.9 ± 1.0 at 1month. Time velocity integral of tricuspid flow was significantly higher than that of mitral flow before birth, but there was no difference after birth. Conclusion: The dominance of mitral A wave before birth was changed very quickly after birth to the dominance of E wave,but the dominance of tricuspid A wave was maintained at 1 month. Diastolic function and compliance of mitral valve were better than those of the tricuspid valve after birth.
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