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Essential Features of Electrolyte Solvents that Enable High-Performance LiS Batteries
강진경,김태정,박종원,정용주 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.6
In a lithium-ion battery, the organic solvent in the electrolyte simply acts as a medium that facilitates ionic charge transfer, whereas for the lithium-sulfur (Li?S) battery, the choice of the electrolyte is critical as it influences the chemical nature of the soluble polysulfides and the cycling stability of the lithium metal anode. Li-S batteries currently use ether-based electrolytes with high polysulfide solubility. Until now, however, the necessary requirements and the roles of the electrolytes have been inconclusive. This work elucidates the essential features and functions of the electrolyte based on an intensive investigation into 17 variants of solvents. Furthermore, examples of electrolytes for high performance, rechargeable Li?S batteries are suggested. The three major study procedures are (1) analyzing the chemical stability of reactive polysulfide species and lithium metal in the solvents of choice, (2) inspecting the chemical reactivity of lithium metal in a polysulfide solution, and (3) evaluating the influences of the solvent on the performance of Li?S cells. Based on the chemical and electrochemical test results, we suggest that the stability of the active materials (i.e., lithium metal and lithium polysulfides) should be ensured in an electrolyte for the proper operation of Li?S cells, that chemical reactions between the polysulfide species and lithium metal should be negligible during the charge?discharge process. In addition, we have confirmed that the high polysulfide solubility is essential for high rate performance.
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강진경,박종원,강주경,강지훈,정용주 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.6
We present an innovative Li?S battery concept for the potential realization of low-cost wearable batteries. A novel Li?S battery is constructed by employing a sulfur-free carbon cathode and a sulfur-layered separator fabricated by thermal evaporation at a temperature as low as 120°C. The cell exhibits superior performances compared with a control cell with a sulfur-containing cathode, as all sulfur on the separator takes part in the electrochemical reactions. We reveal that all electrically isolated sulfur from the carbon cathode is successfully converted to polysulfides via the electrode reactions of sulfur molecules at the interface of the carbon surface and the electrolyte solution. Our new concept brings a paradigm shift in the rechargeable battery community.
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강진경,박인서,문영명,정재복,이세준,양우익,박찬일,송시영,이명래 대한소화기내시경학회 1996 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.16 No.2
Primary gastric lymphorna represents one to 7% of all gastric cancer and is the most common type of extranodal lymphoma. In attempt to evaluate the endoscopic characteristics, we analysed clinical and endoscopic findings in 35 patients with primary gastric lymphoma between January 1980 and August 1994 at the Yonsei Medical Center. The results were as follows: 1) The mean age of patients was 47.1 years with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. 2) Gastroscopy was performed in all 35 patienits, which revealed polypoid lesion in one case(2.9%), ulcerative lesion in 15 cases(42.9%), ulcero-infiltrative lesion in 6 cases(17.1%) and diffuse infiltrative lesion in 2 cases(5.7%). Gastric lymphoma was suggested in 6 cases, advanced gastric cancer in 21 cases, early gastric cancer in 5 cases and benign gastric ulcer in 3 cases. Pathologic diagnosis of biopsy specimens were gastric lymphoma in 24 cases, adenocarcinoma in 5 cases and chronic superficial gastritis in one case. 3) The characteristics of the endoscopic findings in gastric lymphoma were intractable or recurrent ulcer in 10 cases, thickened and mounded ulcer margin in 9 cases, multiple ulcers in 9 cases, giant rugae in 7 cases and polypoid or depressed lesion with central ulceration in 4 cases. In conclusion, recognition of specific endoscopic findings such as intractable or recurrent ulcer, volcano-like ulcer, multiple ulcers, giant rugae and combined lesion, the possibility of a lymphoma should be considered and vigorous biopsy attempts should be carried out. Then if the first microscopic report does not suggest this diagnosis, a second investigation including jumbo biopsies, perhaps by diathermy, should be undertaken.
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