흰쥐 삼차신경 척수감각핵 미측소핵 세포의 흥분성 시냅스 전도에 대한 nociceptin의 효과

김승록,최정희,송원정,천상우 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.1

The caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (medullary dorsal horn; MDH) is implicated in the processing of nociceptive information in the orofacial region. In the present study, whole cell patch clamp recordings were carried out on MDH neurons in brainstem slice of neonatal rats to investigate the characteristics of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and the roles of nociceptin/orphanin FQ on excitatory synaptic transmission. In the presence of strychnine (1 μM) and bicuculline (20 μM), spontaneous inward currents at -70 mV were observed. The baseline frequency, amplitude and decay time constant of sEPSCs were 2.0 ± 0.5 Hz, 23.0 ± 1.8 pA, 3.8 ± 0.2 ms, respectively. sEPSCs were mediated by non-NMDA and NMDA receptors. The specific AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI-52466 (50 μM) completely blocked the non- NMDA mediated sEPSCs, indicating that they are mediated by an AMPA-preferring receptor. Perfusion of the opioid orphan receptor (ORL_1) adonist nociceptin (3 μM) reduced the frequency of sEPSCs and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). The effects of nociceptin were blocked by the selective ORL_1 receptor antagonist [Nphe'] nociceptin(1-13)NH_2 (3 μM) and were not affected by the non-specific opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10 μM). To investigate the specificity of this synaptic inhibition, we selectively activated the nociceptive C fibers with capsaicin, which induced a strong increase in the frequency of sEPSCs. In the presence of nociceptin, the response to capsaicin was diminished. In conclusion, these results suggest that nociceptin inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission in the MDH by acting on presynaptic ORL_1 receptors.

통합여수시 지역주민의 삶의 질 변화와 도시발전의 과제

이정록,이상석,추명희 한국경제지리학회 1999 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.2 No.1-2

본 연구는 통합여수시를 사례로 도시생활환경의 측정 및 삶의 질 변화에 대한 도시민의 인식·평가의 변화를 설문조사를 통해 살펴보았고, 이를 바탕으로 지역주민의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 정책적 대안을 제시하였다. 통합여수시의 삶의 질은 5년 전에 비해서 전체적으로 삶의 질은 향상된 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 삶의 질에 관한 9개 지표 중에서 주거생활, 도시행정 및 편의서비스 등은 5년전보다 상대적으로 향상된 반면, 자연환경, 문화 및 여가생활, 교통환경 등은 나빠진 것으로 평가하였다. 그리고 여수시민들은 통합여수시의 지속적인 발전을 도모하기 위해서는 교통문제, 문화 및 여가시설의 확충 등이 주요한 과제라고 인식하였고, 21세기의 통합여수시가 해양관광도시, 교육문화도시로 발전하기를 선호하였다. 따라서 여수대도시권을 구축을 위한 주요 과제로는 경제기반시설의 확충, 워터프런트의 개발 및 보전, 관광산업의 활성화, 시민중심의 도시경관 조성, 지역문화운동의 전개 등이 필요한 것으로 밝혀졌다. This paper examines the change of quality of life in the Integrated Yosu City and suggests the directions of urban development. Research into the quality of life in local and region scale is interesting both from the point of view of theory and practice, and has attracted much attention in the social sciences since the 1960s. This study is an attempt to examine the change of the quality of life in the Integrated Yosu City. In the overall assessment o the level of satisfaction about the quality of life during the past five yeas, most of the respondents have positive evaluation of the changes of quality of urban life. In particular, the quality of living facilities, urban administration and convenience services has relatively improved during the past five years. On the other hand, the quality of physical environment, art and cultural opportunities, transportation options has been backward during the past five years. Therefore, the directions of urban development of the Integrated Yosu City may be summarized as follows; the establishment of a wide transportation network system., waterfront development, the activation of tourism industry and harbor works, the preparation of and urban landscape, the citizens' campaign for a community culture.

위발성 위장관 악성림프종 환자에서 항암치료의 효과

김찬규,신영록,김현정,배상병,이남수,이규택,박성규,원종호,홍대식,박희숙 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which is increasing in incidence, but there is no established optimal treatment modality. Thus, this study was investigated the clinicohistologic feature, the therapeutic modalities, and the prognosis for GI-NHL, as well as the factors affecting it. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients who had been diagnosed as having GI-NHL and had been followed up from July 1994 to February 2005 at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. The patients were divided into groups according to the site of origin and to various other features, and the survivals of the various groups were compared. The modified Ann Arbor system and WHO classification were adopted for staging and histopathologic classification, respectively. Results: GI-NHL of the stomach, small bowel, ileocecal region, and colon occurred in 28 patients (62.2%), 5 patients (11.1%), 3 patients (6.7%), and 8 patients (17.8%), respectively, In one patient, the entire gastrointestinal tract was diffusely involved. The median age of patients was b5 years (25~78 years), and male-to-female ratio was 1:1.1. Fourteen patients were in stage Ⅰ, 24 in stage Ⅱ, 4 in stage Ⅲ, and 3 in stage Ⅳ. Surgical resection was performed in 19 patients, and combination chemotherapy was performed in 43 patients. Surgical resection only was performed in 4 patients, Chemotherapy only was performed in 26 patients. The expected overall 5 year survival of 45 patients was 39.6%, and there was a significant survival difference between the stages, but between sites of origin (p=0.842). The most important factors influencing the survival was the stage and other factors were not significant. Conclusion: The stomach was the most common site of GI-NHL. Most GI-NHL were localized Stage was the most important prognostic factor. However, Prospective randomized studies are needed to approve the therapeutic modality.

LC-ESI-MS/MS를 이용한 생체시료 중 브롬화피나베리움의 고감도 분석 및 이를 이용한 생체이용률 평가 : Applicability to Oral Bioavailability Determination

박석,이예리,김호현,이희주,김윤균,염정록,한상범 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.6

A sensitive method for quantification of pinaverium bromide in human plasma was established using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometrv(LC-ESI-MS/MS). Glimepiride was used as internal standard. Pinaverium bromide and internal standard in plasma sample were extracted using tert-but}lmethvlether(TBME). A centrifuged upper laver was then evaporated and reconstituted with mobile phase of acetonitrile-5 m1VI ammonium formate (8020. pH 3.0). The reconstituted samples were injected into a C_(18) reversed-phase column. Using MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. pinaverium and glimepirde were detected without severe interference from human plasma matrix. Pinaverium produced a protonated precursor ion ([M+H]^(+)) at m/z 510.3 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 228.9. Internal standard produced a protonated precursor ion ([M+H] ^(+)) at m/z 491.5 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 352.0. Detection of pinaverium bromide in human plasma was accurate and precise. with limit of quantitation at 0.5 ng/ml. The method has been successfully applied to bioavailability study of pinaverium bromide tablet in Korean healthy male volunteers. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUCr. C_(max) T_(max). K_(el) and t_(l/2) were calculated.

건강한 한국인 성인 남성에서 레보설피리드 제제의 생체이용률

이정민,최성업,김희규,윤미경,김세희,염정록,최영욱 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.3

Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of levosulpiride was determined in Korean healthy male volunteers. Thirty subjects received a single oral dose (25 ㎎) of a tablet in randomized 2×2 cross-over design. The plasma concentratons of levosulpiride were measured by HPLC and compared with those reported in the literature. Pharacokinetic parameters for Isomeric^(??) tablet (levosulpiride 25 ㎎) were revealed as follows: AUC _(inf) 737.1±176.9 ng·hr/ml, C_(max) 56.4±20.1 ng/ml, T_(max) 4.2±1.6hr, K_(a) 1.00±1.09 hr^(-1), K_(el) 0.08±0.02 hr^(-1), and t_(1/2) 8.8±1.9 hr. The rate constant of the absorption phase was obtained based on the first-order kinetics. In the aspect of bioavailability, Isomeric^(??) tablet was bioequivalent to the other product (Levopride^(?)tablet) available in the Korean market. Intersubject variations and race differences were shown in comparison with the published date in the literature, even though there ws a linear relationship between dose and extent of bioavailability.

국내산 밤의 시기별 영양성분 변화

정희록(Hee Rok Jeong),조유나(Yu-Na Jo),정지희(Ji-Hee Jeong),진동은(Dong Eun Jin),송병기(Byung Gi Song),진영록(Young Rok Jin),김만조(Man-Jo Kim),이욱(Uk Lee),허호진(Ho Jin Heo) 한국식품과학회 2012 한국식품과학회지 Vol.44 No.4

본 연구에서는 국내 대표적인 밤 생산지역인 공주지역의 밤 품종(단택 Tanzawa, 대보 Daebo, 축파 Tsukuba, 옥광 Okkwang)을 활용하여 밤의 산업적 이용가치 및 최적 저장 조건 확립을 위한 체계적인 기초자료를 제시하고자 미숙기, 수확기 및 저장기에 따른 영양화학성분의 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 일반성분 분석 결과 수분이외의 고형분으로서는 가용성 무질소물과 조단백의 함량이 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 미숙기에서 수확기로 경과됨에 따라 수분을 제외한 대부분의 고형분 함량이 증가되었다. 무기성분 분석결과 총 8가지 성분이 분석되었으며, 그 중 K·P·Ca·Mg 함량이 상대적으로 높게 나타났고, 미숙기에서 수확기로 경과됨에 따라 무기성분 함량이 대부분 증가되었다. 밤에는 총 17종의 아미노산이 존재 하였으며, 시기별로 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine 및 alanine 순으로 높게 나타났다. 특히 대보(Daebo)와 축파(Tsukuba) 품종의 경우 미숙기에서 저장기로 경과됨에 따라 필수 아미노산 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 각 품종별 지방산으로는 미숙상태에서는 포화지방산이 다량으로 존재하였으며, 저장기로 지남에 따라 그 함량은 줄어들고 불포화 지방산의 함량이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 유리당으로는 glucose, fructose, sucrose, 및 maltose 4종이 확인되었으며, 미숙기에서 저장기로 경과됨에 따라 총 유리당 함량이 증가되었다. 지용성 및 수용성 vitamin 분석 결과 retinol은 검출되지 않았으며, β-carotene·vitamin B1·niacin·vitamin C의 경우 미숙기에서 수확기로 경과됨에 따라 함량이 비교적 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 저장기에서의 각종 vitamin 함량은 오히려 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Compositional changes of the Korean chestnut (Castanea crenata) including Daebo, Tsukuba, Tanzawa and Okkwang were investigated in order to characterize them from different periods (immature, mature and storage period). Proximate compositions of mature cultivars were higher than that of the immature cultivars. Between minerals, K (263.0-420.6 mg/100 g) and P (45.8-69.6 mg/100 g) of Tanzawa were highest, and they gradually increased during storage. Tsukuba, in mature period, showed the highest contents of total essential amino acids and glutamic acids as savory amino acids. Major fatty acids were palmitic acid and linolenic acid in four cultivars. In addition, linoleic acids, as ω-6 fatty acids, were increased during the storage period. Tanzawa, in the mature period, presented the highest levels of sucrose, however, tsukuba, in the storage period, showed relatively higher free sugar content than others. β-Carotene, as a provitamin A, of Tsukuba in the mature period was highly detected among them, and vitamin C of Tsukuba and Tanzawa was more plentiful than others.

Antiamnesic Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis) Inner Skin on Ab25–35-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Mice

Hee Rok Jeong,Yu Na Jo,Ji Hee Jeong,Dong Eun Jin,Byung Gi Song,Soo Jung Choi,신동훈,허호진 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.12

To investigate neuronal cell protective effects of an ethyl acetate fraction from chestnut inner skin, in vitro assays, including 20,70-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were performed. Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species resulting from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment of PC12 cells was significantly reduced when ethyl acetate fractions were present in the medium compared to PC12 cells treated with H2O2 only. In a cell viability assay using MTT, the ethyl acetate fraction protected against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity, and inhibited LDH release into the medium. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction improved in vivo cognitive ability against amyloid b-peptide (Ab)–induced neuronal deficit. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin were predominant phenolics in the ethyl acetate fraction. Consequently,the results suggest that chestnut inner skin, including above phenolics, could ameliorate Ab-induced learning and memory deficiency, and be utilized as effective substances for neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer’s disease.

Antioxidant and Neuronal Cell Protective Effects of Columbia Arabica Coffee with Different Roasting Conditions

Jeong, Ji Hee,Jeong, Hee Rok,Jo, Yu Na,Kim, Hyun Ju,Lee, Uk,Heo, Ho Jin The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2013 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.18 No.1

In vitro antioxidant activities and neuronal cell protective effects of ethanol extract from roasted coffee beans were investigated. Colombia arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) green beans were roasted to give medium ($230^{\circ}C$, 10 min), city ($230^{\circ}C$, 12 min) and french ($230^{\circ}C$, 15 min) coffee beans. Total phenolics in raw green beans, medium, city and french-roasted beans were $8.81{\pm}0.05$, $9.77{\pm}0.03$, $9.92{\pm}0.04$ and $7.76{\pm}0.01$ mg of GAE/g, respectively. The content of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the predominant phenolic, was detected higher in medium-roasted beans than others. In addition, we found that extracts from medium-roasted beans particularly showed the highest in vitro antioxidant activity on ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP assays. To determine cell viability using the MTT assay, extracts from medium- roasted beans showed higher protection against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity than others. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was also inhibited by the extracts due to prevention of lipid peroxidation using the malondialdehyde (MDA) assay from mouse whole brain homogenates. These data suggest that the medium-roasting condition to making tasty coffee from Columbia arabica green beans may be more helpful to human health by providing the most physiological phenolics, including 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids.

[P8-191] In vitro Antioxidant Activities and Neuronal Cell Protective Effects of Water Extracts from Propolis

Hee Rok Jeong,Chang-Ho Jeong,Gwi Nam Choi,Ji Hye Kim,Ji Hyun Kwak,Ho Jin Heo 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2010 No.10

리치 과피의 영양화학 성분 및 항산화성 신경세포 보호효과

정희록(Hee Rok Jeong),최귀남(Gwi Nam Choi),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),곽지현(Ji Hyun Kwak),김연수(Yeon-Su Kim),정창호(Chang-Ho Jeong),김대옥(Dae-Ok Kim),허호진(Ho Jin Heo) 한국식품과학회 2010 한국식품과학회지 Vol.42 No.4

본 연구에서는 열대과일 리치의 부산물인 과피를 기능성 식품산업 소재로써의 활용가능성을 알아보기 위해 영양화학성분 분석, 항산화 및 신경세포 보호효과에 대해서 조사하였다. 리치 과피의 일반성분은 수분 0.11%, 조단백질 13.97%, 조지방 0.04%, 조회분 0.33% 및 가용성 무질소물 85.52%이었다. 주요 무기성분으로는 K 989.35 ㎎/100 g, Ca 399.81 ㎎/100 g 및 P 264.65 ㎎/100 g이었으며, 용매별 리치 과피의 총 페놀 함량을 측정한 결과는 열수 추출물 8.02 ㎎/g, 50% 메탄올 추출물 12.28 ㎎/g, 으로 각각 나타났다. 주요 아미노산으로는 proline이 672.59 ㎎/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 차지하였다. 주요 지방산으로는 palmitic acid(42.86%), stearic acid(14.88%)이었으며, 리치 과피의 DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거활성을 측정한 결과 열수 추출물에 비해 50% 메탄올 추출물의 소거활성이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 특히 열수와 50% 메탄올 추출물의 최대 처리농도 5 ㎎/㎖에서 DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 17.68, 37.35%와 39.79, 50.33%로 나타났다. FRAP assay을 이용한 항산화 활성은 농도의존적인 경향을 보였으며, 열수 추출물에 비하여 50% 메탄올 추출물이 상대적으로 우수하였다. MTT, LDH assay를 통한 신경세포 보호효과를 측정한 결과 MTT 실험에서는 리치 과피 추출물의 모든 농도에서 positive control로서의 vitamin C와 유사한 세포 생존율을 나타냈고, LDH 실험에서는 추출물에 의한 농도의존적 효소 방출량 감소가 관찰되었고, 특히 최대 500 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서는 50% 메탄올 추출물이 열수추출물 보다 약 1.7배 가량의 방출량 저해 효과가 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, 우수한 영양 구성 성분과 physiological phenolics를 함유한 리치과피 추출물은 항산화 및 산화적 스트레스로부터 신경세포 보호효과를 나타내면서 퇴행성 신경질환 등을 예방할 수 있는 기능성 산업소재로서의 가치가 높다고 판단된다. The nutritional components, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of water and a 50% methanol extract from litchi fruit pericarp were investigated. The most abundant mineral, amino acid, and fatty acid were K, proline, and palmitic acid, respectively. In addition, the total water phenolics and 50% methanol extracts were 8.02 and 12.28 ㎎/g, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the water and 50% methanol extracts showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity. In a cell viability assay using MTT, almost all extracts showed a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage was also inhibited by the pericarp extracts. In particular, the 50% methanol extract showed a higher cell membrane protective effect than the water extract at the highest concentration. Consequently, these data suggest that litchi fruit pericarp can be utilized as an effective and safe functional food substances for natural antioxidants and may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.