Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

나노 충전제 함량에 따른 복합레진의 표면 미세경도 차이

정영정,김연재,김정욱,이상훈,김종철,한세현,장기택 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

최근에 개발된 나노 충전제를 microhybrid 복합레진에 첨가할 때, 나노 충전제 함량이 중합에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해, 실험적으로 나노 충전제의 함량을 다르게 제작한 복합레진에서 광중합 후 미세경도를 측정, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 나노 충전제의 함량이 2%, 3%인 군은 0%, 1%인 군에 비해 중합된 면의 미세경도가 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.01), 그 차이는 크지 않았다. 2. 나노 충전제의 함량이 높을수록 레진 시편의 하면에서의 미세경도는 증가하였으며, 나노 충전제의 함량이 0%, 1%, 2%간에, 0%, 1%, 3%간에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.01), 2%와 3%간에는 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 3. 레진 시편의 상면과 하면의 미세 경도 차이는 나노 충전제 함량이 높을수록 감소하였으며, 나노 충전제의 함량이 0%, 1%, 2%간에, 0%, 1%, 3%간에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.01), 2%와 3%간에는 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nanofiller content on the microhardness and polymerization of experimental microhybrid composites. The nanofiller contents in the experimental composites were varied (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%), while the total filler content remained constant as 76 %wt. We obtained the following results: 1. The microhardness of the top surface for the 2%, 3% nanofilled microhybrid composites were significantly higher than those for the 0%, 1% nanofilled composites (p<0.05), but the difference was not great. 2. The microhardness of the bottom surfaces significantly increased with an increase in the nanofiller level (p<0.05), except between the 2% and 3% nanofilled groups (p>0.05). 3. As the nanofiller level increased, the difference beween microhardness of top and bottom surfaces significantly decreased (p<0.05), except between 2% and 3% nanofilled groups (p>0.05).

Collagenase와 esterase가 상아질 접착강도와 nanoleakage에 미치는 영향

정영정,한세현,김종철,이상훈,김정욱,김영재,장기택 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 상아질 접착계면에서 collagenase와 esterase가 접착강도와 극미세누출에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 시행하였다. 발치된 치아의 교합면 상아질에 Single Bond 2(SB)와 Clearfil SE bond(SE)를 사용하여 상아질-레진 접착시편을 제작하고,시편을 인산완충용액(PBS)에 24시간(I),또는 PBS(II),collagenase 용액(III),esterase 용액(IV)에 4주간 보관 한 후 질산은 용액으로 염색하였다. 시편의 미세인장접착강도(μTBS)와 질산은 침투 면적을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SB군의 접착강도가 II∼IV군에서 SE군에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<O.05). SB군은 II∼IV군의 접착강도가 I군에 비해 낮은 값을 보였으나(p<O.05),SE군의 접착강도는 I∼IV군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>O.05). 2. SB군의 질산은 침투 면적이 SE군에 비해 높았으며(p<O.05),SB군과 SE군에서 질산은 침투 면적은 I ∼ IV군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>O.05). 3. 접착강도와 질산은 침투 면적은 SE군의 I, II,III군에서 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<O.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of collagenase and esterase on dentin bond strength and nanoleakage. Resin composites were bonded to occlusal dentin of premolars with Single Bond 2(SB) and Clearfil SE Bond(SE). After the microtensile specimens were prepared and stored in PBS for 24 hours(I) or, PBS(II), collagenase(III), esterase(IV) solution for 4 weeks, the specimens were stained with silver nitrate solution. Microtensile bond strength(μTBS) and silver penetration area were measured and, the results were as follows: 1. For group II, III, and IV, the bond strengths of SB were lower than those of SB(p<0.05). The bond strengths of SB II, III, and IV were lower than that of SB I(p<0.05). There was no difference among the bond strengths of SE I ∼ IV groups(p>0.05). 2. Silver penetration areas of SB were higher than those of SE for all storage groups(p<0.05). In SB and SE groups, there was no significant difference of silver penetration area among I ∼ IV groups(p>0.05). 3. SE I, II, and III showed inverse relationship between the bond strengths and the silver penetration areas(p<0.05).

상아질 접착에서 collagenase와 esterase가 미세인장결합강도에 미치는 영향

정영정,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,이상훈,김종철,한세현,장기택 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

상아질-레진 접착강도에 대한 collagenase와 esterase의 영향을 살펴보기 위해, 소구치의 교합면 상아질에 Single Bond 2와 Clearfil SE Bond로 접착을 시행하고 미세 시편을 제작하여 PBS, collagenase 용액, esterase 용액에 4주간 보관한 후 미세인장결합강도를 측정, 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 모든 보관 용액에서 Single Bond 2의 미세인장결합강도는 Clearfil SE Bond보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 2. Single Bond 2의 미세인장결합강도는 collagenase군이 PBS군, esterase군보다 낮았다(p>0.05). 3. Clearfil SE Bond의 미세인장결합강도는 esterase군이 PBS군에 비해 낮았으나(p>0.05), collagenase군보다는 높았다(p>0.05). Collagenase군은 PBS군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 미세인장결합강도를 보였다(p<0.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenase and esterase on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) in dentin bonding. After resin composites were bonded to occlusal dentin, μTBS specimens were formed and stored in PBS, collagenase, or esterase solution. After 4-week storage, μTBS was determined and, the results were as follows: 1. μTBS values of Single Bond 2 were lower than those of Clearfil SE Bond for all storage medium (p<0.05). 2. In single Bond 2 group, collagenase solution lowered bond strength more than PBS and esterase solution (p>0.05). 3. In Clearfil SE Bond group, esterase solution lowered bond strength more than PBS(p>0.05). Collagenase solution lowered bond strength more than esterase solution(p>0.05) and PBS(p<0.05).

최근 9년간 신경정신과에 입원한 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰(1972∼1980년)

이정호,안일남,오석환,정영조,최영민,원장섭,김영훈,하혜경,이승탁,이영주 인제대학교 1983 仁濟醫學 Vol.4 No.2

정신질환 환자들에 대한 정확한 생태를 파악함은 정신 건강과 치료 대책을 세우는데 중요하다. 이에 본 저자들은 1972년부터 1980떤 사이에 인제의대 부속 서울백병원 신경정신과에 입원하여 치료 받았던 환자들에 대한 제반 요인들을 분석 검토하였다. Clinical charactristics of neuropsychiatric inpatients were evaluated and discussed with special referrence to their diagnostic distribution. All discharged cases from neuropsychatric ward of Seoul Paik Hospital during nine years from 1972 to 1980 were 2863. Among them 813 cases were discarded from this study because their clinical charts were vague in description of failed to find out. The materials of this study were extracted from 2050 discharged cases. Total number of cases of inpatients were gradually increasing by each year from 1972 to 1980. Psychoneurosis was diagnosed in 45.2%, schizophrenia in 26.9%, organic brain syndrome in 8.9%, major affective disorder in 5.5%, personality disorder in 4.8%, other psychiatric disorder in 1.5%, psychophysiologic disorder in 1.0%, mental retardation in 0.5%, paranoid state in 0.5%, and other psychosis in 0.3%. The gruop of patients, ranging in age from 21 to 40 was the highest (75.2%) in this study. Male patients were 43.9% and female patients were 56.1%. Schizophrenia leas diagnosed in 32.9%, depressive neurosis in II.3%, anxiety neurosis in 9.3%, and personality disorder in 8.1% in male patients. Hysterical neurosis was diagnosed in 25.5%, depressive neurosis in 22.2%, schizophrenia in 22.2%, and anxiety neurosis in 7.0% in female patients. The authors evaluated the route of admission of patients. Sixty-eight point three percent of total studied cases were admitted through outpatient department, 20.9% of cases were admitted through emergeney room, and 8.2% of cases were transfered from other department or hospital. Among patients who were admitted to psychiatric wards through emergency room and transferred from other department or hospital, psychoneurosis was the hightest diagnostic group in rate. Most of patients who were transferred from other department or hospital were from Internal Medical Department. There were no relationship between seasonality of admission and diagnostic group in this study. readmission rate of total studied patients in neuropsychiatric department of Seoul Paik Hospital was 30%. The readmission rate of personality disorder, mental retardation, schizophrenia, and major affective disorder were relatively high. The cases who were discharged against medical advice were 441. Among them misunderstanding about psychiatric treatment was predominent. Twenty seven percent of patients had physical illness at or during admission. The patients who were diagnosd as psychophysiological disorder had physical illness in 42.8%, 35.4% in personality disorder, 33.9% in major affective disorder, and 24.3% in schizophrenia. About nine percent of total studied cases had the history of attempted suicide. Major affective disorder, Personality disorder, Deressive neurosis, and Other Psychosis showed high incidence of history of attempted suicide prior to admission.

Mechanical Characterization of Nano-Structured Materials Using Nanoindentation

( Ju Young Kim ),( Sung Hoon Kim ),( Jung Suk Lee ),( Kyung Woo Lee ),( Dong Il Kwon ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2006 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.12 No.3

The principal strengths of the nanoindentation technique, which is used extensively to measure the mechanical properties of nano/micro materials, are easy sample preparation and simple experimental method. Hardness and Young`s modulus are essential properties measured by nanoindentation; hardness corresponds to resistance to plastic deformation whereas Young`s modulus is related to elastic deformation. Two key difficulties arise in association with nanoindentation on small volumes: measurement accuracy and material response. Here we discuss the indentation size effect (ISE) considering tip bluntness and variation in hardness of nano-multilayers with a bilayer period, representative research on measurement improvement, and material response at nanoscales.

High-frequency micromechanical resonators from aluminium–carbon nanotube nanolaminates

Bak, Jung Hoon,Kim, Young Duck,Hong, Seung Sae,Lee, Byung Yang,Lee, Seung Ran,Jang, Jae Hyuck,Kim, Miyoung,Char, Kookrin,Hong, Seunghun,Park, Yun Daniel Nature Publishing Group 2008 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.7 No.6

At micro- and nanoscales, materials with high Young’s moduli and low densities are of great interest for high-frequency micromechanical resonator devices. Incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their unmatched properties, has added functionality to many man-made composites. We report on the fabrication of ≤100-nm-thick laminates by sputter-deposition of aluminium onto a two-dimensional single-walled CNT network. These nanolaminates—composed of Al, its native oxide Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and CNTs—are fashioned, in a scalable manner, into suspended doubly clamped micromechanical beams. Dynamic flexural measurements show marked increases in resonant frequencies for nanolaminates with Al–CNT laminae. Such increases, further supported by quasi-static flexural measurements, are partly attributable to enhancements in elastic properties arising from the addition of CNTs. As a consequence, these nanolaminate micromechanical resonators show significant suppression of mechanical nonlinearity and enhanced strength, both of which are advantageous for practical applications and analogous to biological nanocomposites, similarly composed of high-aspect-ratio, mechanically superior mineral platelets in a soft protein matrix.

정신분열병 환자들의 自己灣入에 관한 예비 연구

박성봉,김영미,전성일,이기철,김영훈,정영조,이영렬,이정호,최영민 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

목 적 : 정 신분열병 환자의 자기만입 정도에 영향을 미치는 인구학적 변인들 및 질병연관 변인들을 규명해 보고자 하였다. 또한. 환자들의 자기만입과 병식 사이의 연관성. 자기만입과 자존심 사이의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 정신과 의사가 병록지와 면담을 통하여 대상 정신분열병 환자들의 인구학적 변인들 및 질병연관 변인들에 관한 자료를 얻고 환자들의 병식 정도를 평가한 후, 환자들로 하여금 자기보고형의 자기만입 척도와 자존심 척도를 시행하게 하였다. 총 111명의 환자가 연구대상으로 선택되었다. 결과: . 1) 여자가 남자보다 유의하게 높은 자기만입 척도 점수를 나타내었다 2) 질병연관 변인들 중 하위집단 사이에 자기만입 척도 점수의 유의한 차이를 보이는 변은 없었다. 3) 자기만입 척도 점수와 병식 점수 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 4) 자기만입 척도 점수와 자존심 척도 점수 사이에 유의한 역상관 관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 본 예비 연구의 결과로 보아 정신분열 병 환자의 병식이 부족한 상태에서도 자기만입이 진행될 수 있으며. 자기만입이 심할수록 환자의 자존심이 저하되는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 여자 환자들이 남자 환자들보다 자기만입에 더 취약한 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 정신분열 병 환자의 이해와 치료를 위하여 자기만입에 관한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. objective : This study was conducted to identify demographic variables and illness related variables which may affect the severity of self-engulfment in the patients with schizophrenia. We also studied the relationship between self-engulfment and insight, and the relationship between self-engulfment and self-esteem. Methods : Data on demographic variables and illness related variables for the subjects were gathered from hospital records and clinical interviews by the psychiatrists. Degree of insight for the subjects was assessed through clinical interviews by the psychiatrists. Degree of self-engulfment and self-esteem for the subjects was assessed from the self-engulfment scale and the self-esteem scale respectively. A total of 111 patients with schizophrenia were selected for statistical analysis. Results 1) The females exhibited significantly higher scores than the males on the self-engulfment scale. 2) There was no illness related variable, which exhibited a significant difference among subgroups on the self-engulfment scale. 3) There was no significant correlation between the self-engulfment scores and the insight 4) There was a significantly inverse correlation between the self-engulfment scores and the self-esteem scores. Conclusion : The results of this preliminary study suggest that self-engulfment may develop despite lack of insight and that there was inverse relationship between self-engulfment and self-esteem in the patients with schizophrenia. It also suggests that females are more subject to self-engulfment than males. So, authors suggest that it is valuable to do further studies of self-engulfment in the patients with schizophrenia.

동종 조혈모세포이식 후 발생한 치명적 홍역 폐렴 1예

백창렬,이동건,최정현,정현화,조유경,박훈준,이승훈,박윤희,이교영,민우성,김춘추,신완식 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

As a result of the enlarging pool of unvaccinated children and young adults, there has been an increase in measles in our countries. In these situation, it has been reported that measles associated pneumoinia is easily complicated with fatal respiratory failure, espycially in immunocompromised patients. Herein we report the case of lethal measles pneumonia after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults proven by autopsy. Recently, one case of measles was encountered in 39-year-old female patients after allogenic bone marrow transplanted case (chronic myelogenous leukemia), who progressed into interstitial pneumonia pattern, despite treatment including antibiotics, immunoglobulin. The patient died of giant cell pneumonia compatible with that of measles which was comfirmed in the section of necropsy lung specimen. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:301∼309, 2001)

단계적 온도 하강법을 이용한 췌도세포 냉동보존법

정인경,오승훈,김병준,양태영,이병완,하창영,노정현,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.26 No.1

연구배경:최근 당뇨병의 새로운 치료법으로 시도되고 있는 췌도이식은 충분한 췌도수의 확보와 췌도생존율을 높이기 위한 면역억제제 사용이 제한점이 되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 이식 전 충분한 췌도 수의 확보를 위해 분리한 췌도를 냉동보존하는 방법을 확립하고 냉동보존한 백서 췌도세포의 시험관내 그리고 생체내 기능을 조사하였다. 방법:분리한 백서의 췌장소도를 48시간 배양한 후 한 시험관당 췌도세포 1000개씩 나누었다. 냉동보존은 6개의 시험관에 DMSO를 첨가한 후 초 냉각(supercooling), 핵화(nucleation)단계를 거친 후 99% isopropanol과 액체질소가 들어있는 dewer를 이용하여-0.25℃/분의 냉각속도로 -40℃까지 단계적으로 얼린후-70℃ 액체질소 탱크에 보관했다. 해동은 냉동시킨 vial들을 액체 질소 태으에서 꺼내 37℃ 항온조에 담가 급격히 해동시킨 후, 원심분리하여 상층액을 제거하고 각 vial에 0.75M sucrose 용액을 가한 후, 10% fetal calf serum이 함유된 RPMI 1640 media에서 배양하였다 각각 6개의 시험관에서 해동한 췌도들을 광학현미경 및 형광현미경하에서 췌도의 모양과 생존율에 대해 조사하고 인슐린 정적반응을 알아보았다. 또한 분리한 췌도를 냉동보존하지 않고 이식한 경우를 대조군(6마리)과 생체내 기능을 비교하였다. 결과:① 냉동보존후 획득한 췌도의 수와 생존율 해동후 획득한 췌도의 수는 해동시킨 당일날이 902±21, 24시간 배양 후에는 857±16, 72시간 후에는 817±18개로 점차 감소되었다. AO/PI 염색상 각 췌도의 생존율은 냉동 전을 100으로 하였을 때 해동당일, 24시간 후, 72시간 후가 각각 60±5, 80±5, 90±5%로 해동후 3일간 배양하였을 때 냉동전의 수준으로 회복하였다. ② 냉동보존후 췌도의 포도당에 대한 정적 인슐린 분비능:냉동직후 감소된 경향을 보였으나 해동후 3일간 배양한 췌도의 인슐린 분비는 냉동전과 통계적으로 의미있는 차이가 없이 냉동보존 전의 수준으로 회복되었다. ③ 냉동보존후 췌도의 포도당에 대한 동적 인슐린 분비능:냉동보존한 췌도를 해동후 3일째의 인슐린 동적 분비능은 냉동 전과 마찬가지로 자극 인슐린의 반응의 제1기와 2기가 잘 관찰되었다. ④ 냉동보존한 췌도세포 이식 후 혈당 변화:스트렙토조토신으로 유도된 당뇨병 쥐에 췌도이식 후 혈당은 냉동보존한 췌도이식군에서 대조군에 비해 혈당의 조절효과가 더 오래 지속되었다. 결론:소동물에서 단계적 온도 하강법을 이용한 췌도세포 냉동보존법을 확립하였으며 이는 기능, 구조 및 생존율에 큰 이상을 보이지 않았으므로 장차 사람의 췌도세포 동종이식시 부족한 췌도세포수를 극복하고 면역반응을 줄일 수 있는 매우 유용한 방법이 될 것으로 판단된다. Background : Although islet transplantation has been attempted to reverse the state of diabetes, achieving a critical number of islets and modulating the immune response limit the success of islet transplantation. Cryo-preservation of islets offers many important benefits for islet transplantation by collecting islets with a wide variety of HLA phenotypes and islet MHC expression. The aims of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for cryo-preservation by using a controlled cooling method and to evaluate in vitro and in vivo functional properties of the cryo-preserved islets. Methods : Collagenase-isolated, Ficoll-purified islets were cultured for 48 hours. They were aliquoted into freezing tubes (1000 islets per tube), equilibrated with 2M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in three steps, supercooled, nucleated, and controll-cooled at rate of 0.25℃/min to - 40℃ prior to storage at - 196℃. Rapid thawing and removal of DMSO with 0.75 M sucrose preceded 48 hour of culture and the morphology, viability, glucose-induced insulin secretion, and in vivo function of rats transplanted with cryopreserved islets was reexamined. Results : ① Recovery was 90.2±0.2%, 85.7±0.1% and 81.7±0.1% immendiately after, 24 hours and 72 hours after thawing respectively. The viability was 60±5%, 80±5%, 90±5% immediately after, 24 hours and 72 hours after thawing respectively. ② The glucose-stimulated-insulin secretion (GSIS) tended to decrease immediately after thawing, but GSIS increase to the level of pre-cryopreservation 72 hours after thawing. ③ The in dynamic GSIS, the first and the second phase of insulin secretion were well preserved in islets cultured for 72 hours after thawing. ④ The cryopreserved islets were cultured for 3 days and transplanted into renal sub-capsular space of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The duration of normoglycemia in the STZ-induced diabetic rats transplanted with cryopreserved islets was significantly longer than of the fresh islets. Conclusion : The optimal condition of cryopreservation using the controlled cooling method was established in rat pancreatic islets. This cryopreservation method can be a feasible approach for human islet transplantation (J Kor Diabetes Asso 26:64~74, 2002).