A Study of the Carrying Capacity and Management of Mountainous National Park

Bong Woo Park 한국산림과학회 1986 한국산림과학회지 Vol.72 No.1

The Mountainous National Park is the area where it has the coexisted purposes, use and preservation, which cannot be harmonized. But in recent year, it is natural tendency that the use of the National Park is increasing day by day and the fact is that the side of use than preservation is emphasized. Especially in leisure society as today, even the appointment itself of the National Park is the factor that use can be increased and because it has the great influence affecting to the neighboring community economy including the National Park its neighbors have a marked leaning toward the use of two purposes and insist only development. In fact, the area of most National Park is equipped with the necessary facility to offer convenience of the user. But such necessity causes the increase of the weighted level of use in liaison with the requests of development of its inhabitants. But the National Park, for the original purposes, must keep the balance between use and preservation. Because the natural environmental condition that the National Park has is the product of nature and cannot be produced by human-power the demand cannot be met by the increase of supply even though the requests for the offer of natural environment are increased. Therefore, to keep the balance between use and preservation it is necessary that there should be consideration for the usable side and preservable one of resource, the National Park. This can be said by the concept of social carrying capacity and ecological carrying capacity. Accordingly the concept of carrying capacity of the National Park is formed by the duplicated projections of the ecological carrying capacity and the social one. In addition these carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Parks are used for the efficient management objectives of them and they offer the policy frame necessary for their future purpose. Finally, the results from this research work are as follows: 1. We can define the concept of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park consisting of the total of management objectives, ecological carrying capacity and social carrying capacity as the level which the characteristics of the Mountainous National Park can be maintained without the deterioration in quality of experience of user and ecological environment. 2. The major key points consisting of the concepts of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park necessarily require the establishment of the concrete and clear management objective. 3. The management of the Mountainous National Park, centering around the zoning district, requires the establishment of the levels of management and the followings are required by each level. 1) non-interference. 2) the intensive management. 3) the more intensive management. 4. We must recognize the management objectives of the Mountainous National Park as the limitation of acceptable changes. 5. The concept of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park can use for the policy level deciding the means and strategies for the management of the Mountainous National Park.

Usufruct Rights Conflicts during the Exploitation and Management of Forest Parks in China

Hao Zhang,Bong-woo Park 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2009 Journal of Forest Science Vol.25 No.3

Forest parks are regarded as one of the scientific ways to keep the forest sustainably developed, meanwhile deliver the benefits to the general public. The development of forest parks in China has experienced simply more than 20 years and both the exploitation and management institutions haven’t been set up systematically, which, in reality, reflects as inadequate legislative and policy framework. Without the regulatory guidance and collaborating assistance of environment relating governmental sectors at both national and local levels, it’s inevitable that the development of forest parks in the country would face constant problems and conflicts. Therefore, it might be helpful to sort out this conflicts and problems and further more to work out how to solve the barriers. The research in this report started with introducing the IUCN Protected Areas Categories, the overall current situations in China and compared the definition of forest parks in the country and that in international experience. It is to aim to find out the real usufruct rights conflicts during the exploitation and management of forest parks and the method used in this report is field visit, previous investigation, collecting secondary materials, interview, analysis and comparison. The research result in this report couldn’t cover all the conflict situations during the forest parks’ exploitation and management in China but will provide the analysis of this problem from the legal perspective. Practical application and concerning suggestion will be fully discussed in Part 5 in terms of legislative, social and environmental effects.

특수 콘크리트를 이용한 공원시설 관련 제품에 관한 연구

박봉우,김진아,신애란,전병건 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 특수 콘크리트를 사용하여 공원시설 관련 제품을 생산하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻을 목적으로 수행하였다. 현재 국내에서 생산하여 사용되고 있는 공원 관련 시설물을 대상으로 소재에 대한 선호도와 소재의 특성을 우편을 통한 설문 조사를 하였다. 설문의 결과 가장 선호하는 소재는 목재, 인조목, 철금속, 비철금속, 석재 등의 순서로 나타났다. 재료 별 특성은 12개 공원 관련 시설과 7개 시멘트 콘크리트 제품을 대상으로 재료별로 10개 항목에 대한 특성을 조사하여 matrix로 나타내었다. 이렇게 조사된 결과를 토대로 하여 공원 관련 제품 생산을 위한 시험적인 모델로 특수 콘크리트를 사용한 블라드와 콘크리트 판넬의 모형을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to obtain basic information in order to produce of park facility products using by special concrete. This study made a survey of preference and character of the raw materials on park facility products throughout the country by mail questionnaire. As a result, the ranking of preference on raw materials were wood, imitation wood made from cement concrete, steel, and nonferrous metal. Also, the 10 characters of raw material on the 12 items of park facility products and 7 items of cement concrete products investigated and their results showed by matrix. Based on these results we suggest the pilot models of bollard and concrete panel for pedestrian using special concrete.

Usufruct Rights Conflicts during the Exploitation and Management of Forest Parks in China

Zhang, Hao,Park, Bong-Woo Institute of Forest Science 2009 Journal of Forest Science Vol.25 No.3

Forest parks are regarded as one of the scientific ways to keep the forest sustainably developed, meanwhile deliver the benefits to the general public. The development of forest parks in China has experienced simply more than 20 years and both the exploitation and management institutions haven't been set up systematically, which, in reality, reflects as inadequate legislative and policy framework. Without the regulatory guidance and collaborating assistance of environment relating governmental sectors at both national and local levels, it's inevitable that the development of forest parks in the country would face constant problems and conflicts. Therefore, it might be helpful to sort out this conflicts and problems and further more to work out how to solve the barriers. The research in this report started with introducing the IUCN Protected Areas Categories, the overall current situations in China and compared the definition of forest parks in the country and that in international experience. It is to aim to find out the real usufruct rights conflicts during the exploitation and management of forest parks and the method used in this report is field visit, previous investigation, collecting secondary materials, interview, analysis and comparison. The research result in this report couldn't cover all the conflict situations during the forest parks' exploitation and management in China but will provide the analysis of this problem from the legal perspective. Practical application and concerning suggestion will be fully discussed in Part 5 in terms of legislative, social and environmental effects.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

초등학생의 1000m 달리기-걷기 평가방법에 관한 연구

박철호,박은경,고봉민,우상헌,안민호,차유림 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 2002 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This research aims to develop a new evuluation method of endurance for elementary school students. The norm of the event of 1,000m running-walking was examined and reviewed. As a result, a new highly-valid norm for the present 1,000m running-walking was made. Among the 5th and 6th graders, 2,144 pupils were chosen. The subjects were given 1,000m running-walking and step test. The new norm led to the following results: 1. The frequency distribution of PEI according to Cajori's 5-stage evaluation method turned out to be normal for both 5th and 6th graders. In conclusion, this new norm of 1,000m running-walking is believed to provide more valid and credible scores for elementary school students. The 1,000m running-walking records and the PEI will be used as the basic data for foretelling one's endurance.

Photoacoustic Effects on Material-coated window

朴奉斗,尹志洪,韓聖愚 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1979 硏究報告 Vol.7 No.-

Photoacoustic effect was studied with the air cell and tungsten lamp. The air cell had a material-coated window. As the coating material, one of the following materials was used; the lamp black, copper, nickel and aluminum. The incident light was chopped by the rotating disc, and entered through the material-coated window. The produced photoacoustic signal intensity is approximately inversely proportional to the chopping frequency. This effect was the same as that when the chopped light entered into the air cell from the opposite side, gas side. The signal intensity, however, was much smaller than that of tho light incident from the oppsite side. The photoacoustic signal intensity was varied with the thickness and kinds of coated material. In the case of aluminum the intensity was rapidly decreased when thickness increased. In the case of copper, however, the intensity was increased until the thickness increased to a certain value, and over this value the intensity was decreased slowly.

비만학생들의 운동후 회복시 초과 산소소비량 및 지속시간에 관한 연구

박철호,권민호,고봉민,박은경,우상헌 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1999 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two different intensity of continuous exercise on magnitude of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption(EPOC), energy consumption following a 20min treadmill exercise. The subjects of this study were eight super-obesity in middle school students who were above 13 years old. subjects participated in two different exercise intensity to measure respiratory gas, blood lactate concentration and eardrum temperature. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The Energy consumption of the high intensity (80% VO₂ max) exercise group (264.68 35.60cal) was greater than that of the low intensity (50%) exercise group(172.01 20.39 Cal)(p<.001). 2. The EPOC of the high intensity exercise group (22.36+ 6.82Cal ) was greater than that of the low intensity exercise group(15.39+5.27 Cal)(p<.001). 3. The EPOC duration of th high intensity exercise group(28.36=3.56min) was longer than that of the low intensity exercise group(17.23+1.25min)(p<.001) 4. The blood lactate concentration, respiratory exchange ratio and temperature of the high intensity exercise group were greater than those of the low intensity exercise group(p<.05,p<.01). EPOC and duration were increase with 80%VO₂max, 80% VO₂max as intensity exercise got higher this also showed that it had something to do with lactate concentration in blood and increase of body temperature in the conclusion. We considered that there was a difference in using methods of energy, as there was a similar difference in RER. We though this following with oxygen consumption after exercise, we could clarify that high intensity exercise was better than lower intensity exercise in sametime for those who are obese especially adolescents to maintain their weights on the aspect of effect.

장기간의 40분 달리기 운동이 비만학생의 혈청 지질 및 아포지단백 대사에 미치는 영향

박철호,권민호,고봉민,박은경,우상헌 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1999 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 wks before and after running exercise of obsese student in D high school in Pusan city, exercise group(7) performed 12 wks running exercise and control group(7),before and after subjects performed the maximal exercise thest on treadmile's 12 wks running exercise. Through the comparision and analysis of change serum lipids and apoliporotein metabolism, the results of this study were as follows. 1. In 12 wks before and agter running exercise at the rest time,exercise group was found to have a great decrease in TC(8%),TG(29%),LDL-C(7%) and to have a significant in crease in HDL-C(20%),FFA(74%). 2. At the rest, the control group was found to have a little decrease in TG, HDL-C,LDL-C and to have little changes in TC and FFA. 3. In 12wks before and after running exercise at the maximal exercise, the exercise group was found to have a significant decrease in TC(18%),TG(23) and to have a significant in crease in HDL-C(20%),LDL-(25%),FFA(23%) and TG and HDL-C were found to have a significant change. 4. At the maximal exerxcise , were found to have little change in the control group. 5. Apo A-I in the exercise group was found not to have the change signicantly. but to have anincrease 5% at the rest time, 6% at the maximal exercise. And the control group was almost found not to have change. 6. Statically, Apo B in the exercise group was found not to have a signficant change, but to have the increase 12%at the maximal exercise and the control group was found not to have a change.

물과 공기를 병용한 역세척 방식의 효과 및 적용성 분석

박준일,신형우,이봉옥,장영태,조봉철 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Determination of backwashing method is very important to be successful in rapid filtration process. In this study, an analysis of the effectiveness and the applicability for backwashing method of filter layer in Jinju water purification plants, and the cleaning efficiency of three different backwashing methods has been investigated. Actually, dual media of anthracite and sand was replaced sand filter. Improving filter run time was extended 2.42 times. Thus, the backwashing numbers is 16 to 25 for present filter in summer. And that improving backwashing number was reduced 7 to 10 with same water quality, and media loss was not developed any more. An applicability analysis of KOWACO and Jinju water purification plants was showed little difference for water with air-backwashing equipment. Cost of construction for improving backwashing method of filter layer amounts about 406 million won in case of Jinju water purification plants. This cost to pay back after 5 years.