중부 평야지에서 사료용 벼와 주요 동계사료작물 이모작 시 생산성

안억근,정응기,박향미,정국현,현웅조,구자환 한국작물학회 2019 한국작물학회지 Vol.64 No.4

ABSTRACT In order to establish an optimal double cropping system to obtain the maximum annual quantity, we investigatedthe annual productivity of whole-crop silage (WCS) rice, Jowoo (Jw), Yeongwoo (Yw), and Mogwoo (Mw), and winter feed crops(WFC), Italian ryegrass (IRG), Greenfarm (GF), rye Gogu (GU), and triticale Joseong (JS), in paddy fields of the central plains ofKorea. From 2016 to 2019, each crop was subjected to two standard cultivation methods: WCS rice and WFC optimal. Using theWCS optimal mode, the average dry matter yield (DMY) of WCS rice, early flowering Jw, was 15.8 tons/ha and 21.0 for themid-late heading Yw; there was no significant difference compared to the 19.2 tons/ha late-flowering Mw (p<0.01). The WFCwere not significantly different between GF (3.2 tons/ha) and GU (4.5) sown on September 23rd, while JS was the highest at 12.6tons/ha (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the order of JS (16.6 tons/ha) > GF (10.5) > GU (4.7)(p<0.001) sown onOctober 11th. For JS sown on October 31st, the DMY was 11.8 tons/ha, which was significantly higher than that of the other twocrops (p<0.05). Except for rye GU, DMY was the highest when sown on October 11th. For WFC optimal mode, the average DMYof JS was the highest at 18.3 tons/ha, which was significantly different from that of GF (10.9) and GU (9.6) (p<0.001). The DMYof WCS rice transplanted on May 10th was the highest at 23.0 tons/ha in Mw, which was not significantly different from that ofYw (21.4) but significantly different from that of Jw (15.9) (p<0.05). On transplanting on May 25th, the DMY of Mw was thehighest at 24.2 tons/ha; this was not significantly different from that of Yw (20.7), but it was significantly different from that ofJw (18.6) (p<0.05). When transplanted on June 11th, the DMY was 21.3 tons/ha in Yw, which was significantly higher than theDMY of other two cultivars, Jw and Mw (p<0.05). For the WCS rice-WFC double cropping, the total annual DMY was 33.6tons/ha with the combination of the WCS rice, Yw, and the triticale JS for WCS optimal mode. Meanwhile, the total annual DMYwas 39.6 tons/ha with the combination of the triticale JS and the WCS rice, Yw, for WFC optimal mode. In conclusion, thestrategies for obtaining the maximum yield of high-quality forage for WCS rice-WFC, WFC-WCS rice double cropping are asfollows: 1) cultivation centered on the optimal mode of WFC, and 2) sowing the WFC, triticale JS in mid-October, harvesting thecrops around the end of May and transplanting the WCS rice, Yw, in early June to obtain the maximum DMY of 39.6 tons/ha. 중부 평야지에서 사료용 벼-동계사료작물, 동계사료작물-사료용 벼 이모작 시 양질 조사료의 최대 수량성 작목 조합을 알아보기 위해 사료용 벼 최적재배 중심으로 재배하였을 때와 동계사료작물 최적 재배 중심으로 재배하였을 때로 나누어 4년 간 시험한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 사료용 벼 보통기 재배양식 중심으로 재배하였을 때 사료용 벼의 건물수량은 조생종 ‘조우’가 평균 15.8톤/ha로 가장 적었고 중만생종 ‘영우’가 21.0톤/ha로 가장 많았으나19.2톤/ha인 ‘목우’와 통계적으로 차이가 없었다(p<0.01). 동계사료작물은 9월 23일 파종 시 ‘그린팜’(3.2톤/ha)과‘곡우’(4.5톤/ha)는 유의적으로 차이가 나지 않았고 ‘조성’은 12.6톤/ha로 가장 높았으며(p<0.001) 10월 11일 파종 시에는 ‘조성’(16.6톤/ha)>‘그린팜’(10.5)>‘곡우’(4.7)순으로 유의적으로 차이가 있었고(p<0.001) 10월 31일 파종한 경우 ‘조성’이 11.8톤/ha로 다른 두 초종보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 호밀 ‘곡우’를 제외하고는 10월11일 파종 시 건물수량이 가장 높았다. 2. 동계사료작물 최적 파종시기 중심으로 재배하였을 때 동계사료작물의 평균 건물수량은 트리티케일 ‘조성’이 ‘그린팜’(10.9톤/ha)과 ‘곡우’(9.6)와 비교하여 유의적으로 차이를 보이는 18.3톤/ha로 가장 높았으며 사료용 벼는 5월10일 이앙 시 건물수량은 ‘목우’가 23.0톤/ha로 가장 높았으나 ‘영우’(21.4)와는 유의적인 차이가 없었고(p<0.05)‘조우’(15.9)와는 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 5월 25일 이앙시 ‘목우’가 24.2톤/ha로 가장 높았으나 ‘영우’(20.7)와는차이가 없었고(p<0.05) ‘조우(18.6)’와 유의적인 차이를보였다(p<0.05). 6월 11일 이앙 시 건물수량은 ‘영우’가21.3톤/ha로 다른 두 품종에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 3. 중부평야지에서 사료용 벼-동계사료작물 이모작 시 최대조사료 생산 작목 조합은 사료용 벼 최적 이앙 및 수확시기에 맞추어 동계사료작물을 연속하여 재배하였을 때는 사료용 벼 ‘영우’와 트리티케일 ‘조성’ 조합으로 생산성은 33.6톤/ha이었으며 동계사료작물 최적 파종 및 수확 시기에 맞추어 연속하여 사료용 벼를 재배하였을 때는 동계사료작물인 트리티케일 ‘조성’과 사료용 벼 ‘영우’ 조합으로 생산성은 39.6 (톤/ha)이었다.

중부 평야지에서 사료용 벼 주요품종의 수확시기 별 사료가치 및 수량성

안억근,원용재,박향미,정국현,현웅조 한국작물학회 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.4

To set an optimal harvest time for five main whole-crop silage (WCS) rice cultivars, Nokyang (Ny), Mogwoo (Mw), Mogyang (My), Nokwoo (Nw) and Yeongwoo(Yw), based on feed value and dry matter yield, we analyzed water content (WC), feed values such as percent crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), estimated total digestible nutrients (TDN), and calculated their dry matter yield (DMY). These parameters were estimated at the booting stage and every 10 days from start of heading to 45 days after heading (DAH) to identify the optimal harvest time for these rice varieties. In all varieties, except Ny, the WC was about 65% on the 30th DAH. In terms of WC, it is judged that there would be no major problem in preparing high quality silage when harvested between 20∼30 DAH for Ny and about 30 days for the other cultivars. The CP and CA decreased significantly as the harvest time was delayed in all varieties (p<0.05). However, the CF in the tested varieties generally declined as DAH increased, and then increased again(p<0.05). The decrease in ADF and NDF was significantly different from the booting stage to 45 DAH in all varieties (p<0.05) and the estimated TDN increased gradually in all varieties as the harvest time was delayed. The TDN of all varieties, except Nw, was over 70% around 30 DAH. As harvest time was delayed, the DMY for all WCS rice increased significantly (p<0.05). The maximum DMY for each cultivar was observed at 45 DAH, however, no significant difference (p<0.05) was seen after 40 DAH for Ny and Yw, 30 DAH for Mw and Nw, and 20 DAH for My. Considering these results and others factors such as lodging, shattering, digestibility of grains, conversion of eating rice, etc., the optimal harvest time for silage use of all WCS rice tested was generally the yellow ripening stage, at about 30 DAH (30~40 DAH for Ny and Mw, and 30 DAH for My, Nw and Yw) 중부 평야지에서 사료용 벼 주요품종의 수확시기 별 사료성분 및 수량성 분석을 기초로 각 품종별 최적 수확시기를 구명하고자 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 수원 벼 시험포장에서 ‘영우’ 등 사료용 벼 5품종으로 시험하여 2년간 검토한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시험에 사용한 5 품종 중 ‘녹양’을 제외하고 출수 후30일에는 대략 65% 내외의 수분함량을 보였다. 이는수분함량 면에서는 ‘녹양’은 출수 후 20~30일 사이, 그 외 품종은 출수 후 30일경에 수확하면 양질 사일리지 조제에 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 판단된다. 2. 사료용 벼 주요 품종의 수확시기 별 사료가치를 분석한 결과, 조단백질과 조회분은 시험에 사용한 품종 모두에서 수확시기가 늦어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 조지방은 시험한 품종에서 대체적으로 출수 일수가 증가할수록 감소하다가 그 이 후에는 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). ADF와 NDF 함량은 모든 시험 품종에서 수잉기부터 출수 후 45일까지 지속적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). ADF 함량으로 추정된 TDN함량은 수확시기가 늦어질수록시험에 사용한 모든 품종에서 점차 증가하였으며 ‘녹우’를 제외한 4품종의 TDN함량이 70% 이상이 되는시점은 출수 후 30일경이었다. 3. 건물수량성의 경우 수확시기가 늦어짐에 따라 시험한모든 품종에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 각 품종별 최대건물수량은 출수 후 45일이나 유의적으로 차이가 없는(p<0.05) 출수 일수는 ‘목우’, ‘녹우’는 출수후 30일, ‘녹양’과 ‘영우’는 출수 후 40일, ‘목양은 출수 후 20일이었다. 4. 이상의 결과인 수분함량, 사료성분, TDN함량, 건물수량성과 사료용 벼 재배 및 이용특성인 도복, 탈립성, 종실의 미소화성, 식용벼로서의 전환 등을 고려해 볼때 각 품종별 수확적기는 대체로 황숙기이나 ‘녹양’과‘목우’는 출수 후 30~40일, ‘목양’, ‘녹우’, ‘영우’는 황숙기인 출수 후 30일 경이 적합하다고 판단된다.

중부지역에서 사료용 벼와 동계사료작물 이모작 시 조사료 생산성

안억근,홍하철,김명기,박향미,정국현,원용재,현웅조,한옥규,구자환 한국작물학회 2017 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

사료용 벼 주요 품종의 수확부위 별 사료가치

안억근,원용재,강경호,박향미,정국현,현웅조,이윤승 한국작물학회 2022 한국작물학회지 Vol.67 No.1

ABSTRACT In order to manufacture feed suitable for consumer use and provide feed value information, we analyzed the feed components of the four main forage rice varieties by plant parts harvested 30 days after heading. The contents of the six feed ingredients were significantly different (p<0.05) among harvested parts. In the panicle, the crude protein (CP) (6.97%) and lignin (3.11%) were the highest, while the crude ash (CA) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were significantly lower, resulting in a total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of 77.29%, which is higher than that of the stem (64.82%) and leaf blade and sheath (LBS) (63.57%) (p<0.05). In contrast, the content of crude fat (CF) did not differ significantly among parts (p<0.05). In panicles from ‘Jonong’, ‘Nokyang’ and ‘Yeongwoo’, the TDN content of each cultivar was 78.48-79.07%, with no significant difference among the varieties. In ‘Mogwoo’ (Mw), the CP content was 8.70%, which was much higher than that of other varieties (p<0.05). In particular, the Mw TDN content was slightly lower in the panicle (72.95%) but higher in the stem (75.37%) and LBS (66.49%) than in the other varieties. The CA, NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin contents were also very low compared to other varieties; therefore, the feed value of the stem and LBS was excellent. In addition, the total dry matter weight (DMW) was 123 g per hill, which was much higher than 82-105 g per hill for other varieties. The distribution of DMW by part was LBS (56.9 g), stem (36.8 g), and panicle (29.3 g), and because the parts, except the panicles, were much higher than the 43-57% of other varieties (grain straw ratio: 76%), rice straw is advantageous in terms of quantity and feed value when used as forage on farms. The relative feed value (RFV) of the four cultivars ranged from 86.79-403.74 across all parts, and hay of grade 3 or higher with an RFV of 100 or more increased with delayed heading in both stems and LBS. This is due to the accumulation of starch into grains during ripening, which supports the observation that the RFV of the early flowering ‘Jonong’ and ‘Nokyang’ panicles increased. 적 요사료용 벼 주요품종의 최적수확 시기인 출수 후 30일에수확한 부위 별 사료성분을 분석 후 사료가치 정보를 제공함으로써 수요자 용도에 맞는 사료 제조에 활용하고자 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 수원 벼 시험 포장에서 숙기별대표 사료용 벼 4품종으로 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조단백질, 조회분 등 6개 사료성분 함량은 수확 부위별로 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 식물체 부위 중 이삭은 조단백질(6.97%), 리그닌(3.11%)은 유의하게 가장 높았던 반면조회분, NDF 함량이 유의하게 낮아서 결과적으로 TDN 함량이 77.29%로 줄기(64.82%), 엽신+엽초(63.57%)보다 사료가치가 월등히 우수하였다(p<0.05). 반면 조지방함량은 부위별로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 이삭에서 품종별 TDN 함량은 ‘조농’, ‘녹양’, ‘영우’의 경우78.48~79.07%로 품종 간 유의한 차이가 없었고 ‘목우’의경우 조단백질 함량이 8.70%로 타 품종의 6.24~6.64% 에 비해 월등히 높았다(p<0.05). 이러한 사료성분 함량분석은 육용우, 돼지, 닭 등의 영양가와 사료 설계 시 유용하게 활용 될 수 있다. 2. 줄기와 잎의 사료가치가 우수한 품종은 ‘목우’였다. ‘목우’의 경우 TDN 함량은 이삭에서 72.95%로 다소 낮았으나 줄기, 엽신+엽초에서는 각각 75.37%, 66.49%로 타품종에 비해 월등히 높았으며 조회분, NDF, ADF, 리그닌의 함량도 타 품종에 비해 매우 낮아 줄기와 잎의 사료가치가 우수하였다. ‘목우’의 총건물중은 주당 123 g 으로 타 품종의 82~105 g/주 보다 월등히 높았으며, 부위별 1주 건물중 분포는 엽신+엽초(56.9 g)>줄기(36.8 g)>이삭(29.3 g)으로 이삭을 제외한 경엽 부위가 타 품종의 43~57%보다 월등히 많아(조고비율: 76%) 농가에서 조사료로 볏짚 이용 시 수량이나 사료가치 면에서 유리하다고 할 수 있다.

사료용 벼 품종개발 현황과 미래 육종 방향

안억근 한국초지조사료학회 2017 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.09

초기생육 및 저온발아성이 우수한 중만생 고 바이오매스 사료용 벼 ‘녹우’

안억근,정응기,이상복,최용환,양창인,이점호,원용재,이규성,정오영,모영준,김정주,조영찬,장재기,김명기,서정필,이정희,정국현,정종민,정지웅,박향미,현웅조,홍하철 한국육종학회 2017 한국육종학회지 Vol.49 No.3

‘Nokwoo’, a mid-late maturing, high dry matter yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with a good early growth and low-temperature germinability, was developed for whole crop silage (WCS) use. It was derived from a cross between a leafy tropical japonica ‘LK1A-2-12-1-1’ with high biomass and good germinability in low temperature and new plant type (NPT), ‘IR72225-29-1-1’ which had low tillering trait, large panicle, dark green leaf, thick and sturdy stem and vigorous root system. This cultivar had about 123 days growth period from seeding to heading, 122㎝ culm length, 29㎝ panicle length, 9 panicles per hill, 144 spikelets per panicle and 1,000-grain weight of 24.4 g as brown rice in central plain region, Suwon. This wide and long leafy WCS rice variety was weak to cold stresses similar to ‘Nokyang’ but was a little resistant to lodging in the field, strong to viviparous germination and good to low temperature germination. In addition, ‘Nokwoo’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast but susceptible to bacterial blight, rice stripe virus and brown planthopper. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 16.5 MT/ha, 14% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This cultivar had 5.3% crude protein and 68.8% total digestible nutrients a little low compared to ‘Nokyang’. In Korea peninsular, ‘Nokwoo’ grows well in central and southern plain and is good to harvest between 15 to 30 days after heading to improve its feeding value and digestion rate of livestock (Grant No. 6072).

중만생 복합내병충성 고 바이오매스 사료용 벼 ‘미우’

안억근,원용재,홍하철,박향미,정국현,현웅조,장재기,이정희,이점호,서정필 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.1

‘Miwoo’ is a mid-late maturing, high-biomass-yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with high feed value and resistance to multiple diseases and insect pests. It was developed for use as whole crop silage (WCS) from a cross between ‘Suweon519’, a line with high biomass yield and multiple disease resistance, and ‘Suweon518’, a medium flowering, high yielding Tong-il type line, which is resistant to blast (BL), bacterial blight (BB) (race K1), rice stripe virus (RSV) and brown planthopper (BPH). In the central plain region of Suwon, ‘Miwoo’ cultivar exhibited a growth period of approximately 122 days from seeding to heading, culm length of 99 cm, panicle length of 28 cm, 12 panicles per hill, 143 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 25.9 g as brown rice. This mid-late-flowering rice variety was resistant to lodging during the yellowing ripening stage, an optimal period for harvesting. In addition, ‘Miwoo’ was strongly resistant to leaf and neck blast, BB (race K1, K2, K3, K3a), RSV, BPH and small BPH. Its average dry matter yield over 3 years reached 19.9 MT/ha, which is 36% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. ‘Miwoo’ is a high-amylose cultivar with 70.7% total digestible nutrients (similar to that of Nokyang) and grows well on the central and southern plains of the Korean Peninsula. It should be harvested 30 days after heading to improve its feed value and digestion rate in livestock. (Registration No. 7683)

잎과 종실이 매끄러운 중만생 복합내병충성 고수량 사료용 벼 ‘고우’

안억근,박향미,정국현,현웅조,원용재,이점호,홍하철,장재기,이정희,이윤승,이상범 한국육종학회 2023 한국육종학회지 Vol.55 No.2

‘Gowoo’, a mid-late flowering, high yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with glabrous leaf and hull and resistant to multiplediseases and insects, was developed for forage use. It was developed for use as a whole crop silage obtained from a cross between ‘Kusahonami’with high biomass, smooth leaf and hull, lodging resistance and Japonica high yielding line ‘Iksan514,’ which showed resistance to bacterialblight (BB) (race K1, K2, K3) and rice stripe virus (RSV). In the central plain region of Suwon, ‘Gowoo’ cultivar exhibited a growth periodof approximately 120 days from seeding to heading, 111 cm culm length, 22 cm panicle length, 12 panicles per hill, 140 spikelets per panicle,and 1,000-grain weight of 23.4 g as brown rice. This hairless forage rice variety was weak in response to cold stresses, similar to ‘Nokyang’. However, it was resistant to lodging in the field and showed a strong response to viviparous germination. In addition, ‘Gowoo’ was resistantto leaf and neck blast, BB, RSV, and small brown planthopper. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 18.2 MT/ha, which was21% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This glabrous cultivar had 5.3% crude protein and 68.2% total digestible nutrients, a little low comparedto ‘ Nokyang’. In Korea p eninsular, ‘ Gowoo’ g rows well in c entral a nd s outhern plain and is g ood to h arvest b etween 1 5 to 3 0 days afterheading to improve its feeding value and digestion rate of livestock (Grant No. 8681).

만생 복합내병충성 고 바이오매스 사료용 벼 ‘청우’

안억근,강경호,원용재,정국현,현웅조,정응기,박향미,이점호,장재기,이정희,정종민,서정필 한국육종학회 2020 한국육종학회지 Vol.52 No.2

‘Cheongwoo’, a late maturing, high biomass-yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with high feed value and multiple disease andinsect resistance, was developed for whole crop silage (WCS) use. It was derived from a cross between a high biomass and multiple diseaseresistant line ‘Suweon519’ and early flowering, high-yielding Tong-il type cultivar ‘Gaya’, which exhibited a brown planthopper (BPH) broadresistance conferred by Bph3 and BPH26. The cultivar was characterized by growth period from seeding to heading of about 130 days, culmlength of 87 cm, panicle length of 29 cm, 12 panicles per hill, 135 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of brown rice of 21.4 gin the central plain region, Suwon. This long-leaved green WCS rice variety was sensitive to cold stress, similar to ‘Nokyang’, b ut r esistantto premature germination, and germinated well under low temperature conditions. Furthermore, ‘Cheongwoo’ exhibited high lodging resistanceat the yellowing stage, the optimal period for harvesting in the field. Additionally, ‘Cheongwoo’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast, bacterialblight (races K1, K2, K3, K3a), rice stripe virus, BPH, and small BPH. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 20.6 MT/ha,38% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. The content of crude protein (5.32%) and total digestible nutrients (71.2%) was higher than that in ‘Nokyang’. On the Korean Peninsula, ‘Cheongwoo’ grows well in central and southern plains, and should be optimally harvested between 15 and 30days after heading to improve its feeding value and digestion rate in livestock (Grant No. 7662).

중만생 복합내병충성 고 바이오매스 사료용 벼 ‘미우’

안억근(Eok-Keun Ahn),원용재(Yong-Jae Won),홍하철(Ha-Cheol Hong),박향미(Hyang-Mi Park),정국현(Kuk-Hyun Jung),현웅조(Ung-Jo Hyun),장재기(Jae-Ki Chang),이정희(Jeong-Heui Lee),이점호(Jeom-Ho Lee),서정필(Jung-Pil Suh) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.2

‘Miwoo’ is a mid-late maturing, high-biomass-yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with high feed value and resistance to multiple diseases and insect pests. It was developed for use as whole crop silage (WCS) from a cross between ‘Suweon519’, a line with high biomass yield and multiple disease resistance, and ‘Suweon518’, a medium flowering, high yielding Tong-il type line, which is resistant to blast (BL), bacterial blight (BB) (race K1), rice stripe virus (RSV) and brown planthopper (BPH). In the central plain region of Suwon, ‘Miwoo’ cultivar exhibited a growth period of approximately 122 days from seeding to heading, culm length of 99 cm, panicle length of 28 cm, 12 panicles per hill, 143 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 25.9 g as brown rice. This mid-late-flowering rice variety was resistant to lodging during the yellowing ripening stage, an optimal period for harvesting. In addition, ‘Miwoo’ was strongly resistant to leaf and neck blast, BB (race K1, K2, K3, K3a), RSV, BPH and small BPH. Its average dry matter yield over 3 years reached 19.9 MT/ha, which is 36% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. ‘Miwoo’ is a high-amylose cultivar with 70.7% total digestible nutrients (similar to that of Nokyang) and grows well on the central and southern plains of the Korean Peninsula. It should be harvested 30 days after heading to improve its feed value and digestion rate in livestock. (Registration No. 7683)