http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
도시부 가로망에서의 링크 통행속도 기반 One-to-One 최단시간 경로탐색 알고리즘 개발
김태형,김태형,박범진,김형수 한국ITS학회 2012 한국ITS학회논문지 Vol.11 No.5
시간 종속적 가로망에 대한 최단경로 탐색은 ITS분야의 경로 일정계획과 실시간 내비게이션 시스템에서 중요한 부분을 차지한다. 본 연구에서는 매시간간격 변동적인 링크 통행속도를 고려하는 one-to-one 시간 종속적 최단시간 경로 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 기존의 일반적인 최단거리 경로 알고리즘 중에서 실제 도로망에서 비교적 빠르고 효율적인 알고리즘으로 알려져 있는 3가지의 알고리즘들, 즉, two queues 구조를 가진 Graph growth 알고리즘, approximate buckets 구조를 가진 Dijkstra 알고리즘, double buckets 구조를 가진 Dijkstra 알고리즘이 선택되었다. 이 알고리즘들은 모두 네트워크 내 하나의 노드에서 모든 노드(one-to-all)로의 최단거리 경로를 빠르게 탐색하기위해 개발되었다. 선택된 알고리즘들은 시간 종속적 도로망에 대해 하나의 출발노드에서 하나의 목적노드(one-to-one)로의 최단시간 경로 탐색이 가능하도록 확장된다. 또한, 제안된 3가지의 시간 종속적 최단시간 경로탐색 알고리즘들은 미국의 Anaheim, Baltimore, Chicago, Philadelphia 4개 도시의 실제 가로망에 적용하여 검증·평가된다. 결과적으로, 도시부 가로망을 대상으로 한 시간 종속적 최단시간 경로탐색 알고리즘으로 double buckets 구조를 가진 확장된 Dijkstra 알고리즘이 추천된다. Finding shortest paths on time dependent networks is an important task for scheduling and routing plan and real-time navigation system in ITS. In this research, one-to-one time dependent shortest path algorithms based on link flow speeds on urban networks are proposed. For this work, first we select three general shortest path algorithms such as Graph growth algorithm with two queues, Dijkstra’s algorithm with approximate buckets and Dijkstra’s algorithm with double buckets. These algorithms were developed to compute shortest distance paths from one node to all nodes in a network and have proven to be fast and efficient algorithms in real networks. These algorithms are extended to compute a time dependent shortest path from an origin node to a destination node in real urban networks. Three extended algorithms are implemented on a data set from real urban networks to test and evaluate three algorithms. A data set consists of 4 urban street networks for Anaheim, CA, Baltimore, MD, Chicago, IL, and Philadelphia, PA. Based on the computational results, among the three algorithms for TDSP, the extended Dijkstra’s algorithm with double buckets is recommended to solve one-to-one time dependent shortest path for urban street networks.
김태형,문지용,김영삼,박용범,신경철,유광하,윤형규,이상엽,이지현,이진국,황용일,정기석,( Kocoss Cohort ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.116 No.-
Acute exacerbation is important in the clinical course of COPD because it causes significant morbidity and mortality. The strategy for preventing exacerbation includes specific treatment including long acting muscarinic agent (LAMA) or combination of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long acting beta agonist (LABA). Objectives: We investigated the factors affecting initial treatment choice in COPD patients and the effect of treatment regimen on the clinical course of COPD in the KOCOSS cohort. Methods: Among the 470 COPD patients from KOCOSS cohort, we reviewed the initial treatment regimen and demographic data, baseline lung function, and quality of life (QOL) score by SGRQ. Also, frequency of acute exacerbation, lung function, sugjective symptoms and QOL at 1 year follow-up period were compared between treatment groups. Results: Presence of chronic bronchitis, history of asthma, history of previous exacerbation, baseline FEV1 or DLCO, subjective symptoms such as mMRC or CAT score, and SGRQ score influenced the treatment choice with preference for ICS+LABA or triple therapy. At 1 year follow up, the exacerbation rate was significantly higher in the triple therapy group (36.3%) compared with LAMA (22.9%), ICS+LABA (26.1%) or Other (20.0%). Although FEV1 at 1 year was not different, subjective score such as CAT or SGRQ were significantly higher in the triple therapy group. Conclusion: Several factors influenced the initial treatment. The frequency of of acute exacerbation might be influenced by previous exacerbation history, lung function or subjective dyspnea rather than treatment regimen.Acute exacerbation is important in the clinical course of COPD because it causes significant morbidity and mortality. The strategy for preventing exacerbation includes specific treatment including long acting muscarinic agent (LAMA) or combination of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long acting beta agonist (LABA). Objectives: We investigated the factors affecting initial treatment choice in COPD patients and the effect of treatment regimen on the clinical course of COPD in the KOCOSS cohort. Methods: Among the 470 COPD patients from KOCOSS cohort, we reviewed the initial treatment regimen and demographic data, baseline lung function, and quality of life (QOL) score by SGRQ. Also, frequency of acute exacerbation, lung function, sugjective symptoms and QOL at 1 year follow-up period were compared between treatment groups. Results: Presence of chronic bronchitis, history of asthma, history of previous exacerbation, baseline FEV1 or DLCO, subjective symptoms such as mMRC or CAT score, and SGRQ score influenced the treatment choice with preference for ICS+LABA or triple therapy. At 1 year follow up, the exacerbation rate was significantly higher in the triple therapy group (36.3%) compared with LAMA (22.9%), ICS+LABA (26.1%) or Other (20.0%). Although FEV1 at 1 year was not different, subjective score such as CAT or SGRQ were significantly higher in the triple therapy group. Conclusion: Several factors influenced the initial treatment. The frequency of of acute exacerbation might be influenced by previous exacerbation history, lung function or subjective dyspnea rather than treatment regimen.
김태형,오승영,김영선,이미경,김화수,명순철 대한의학회 2008 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.23 No.1
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can stimulate a variety of tumors including prostatic carcinoma. Research has recently shown that IL-6 may act to stimulate the progression of prostatic cancer. To date, little research has been performed to better understand the nature of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the expression of IL-6. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of GM-CSF on the expression of IL-6 in prostate cancer-3 (PC-3) cells. The bone-derived PC-3 cell line was used in this study. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real- time PCR were performed to detect IL-6 mRNA expression. The IL-6 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after treatment with hGM-CSF. Our data indicated that IL-6 mRNA expression did not increase after treatment with hGM-CSF in comparison to the control group. However, the expression of IL-6 protein was increased compared to the control group. GM-CSF may modulate the post-transcription pathway of IL-6 expression in prostate carcinoma cells. Our data suggest that GM-CSF may have a role in IL-6-mediated development of prostate cancer.