유기농 토마토의 과실 생장 및 조성에 미치는 토마토 잔사물을 이용하여 제조한 액체비료의 시용 효과

조영상 ( Young-sang Cho ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2021 농업생명과학연구 Vol.52 No.1

토마토를 재배하고 남은 부산물을 이용하여 만든 액비의 실용화 가능성에 대한 연구를 수행하고 있으며 이중 비료의 시비량 차이가 유기농 토마토의 무기성분과 비타민 등의 영양성분 차이에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 본 연구를 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 토마토 부산물 액비를 처리하고 정식 35일과 96일 후 조사한 지상부 생육에서 35일 후 화방수의 처리간 차이가 인정되었지만 35일 후의 초장 및 절간수 그리고 96일 후 초장, 절간수, 화방수에서 처리간 통계적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 2. 토마토 부산물 액비처리가 토마토의 수량, 과일의 길이 및 직경, 그리고 과중에 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 3. 토마토 부산물 액비의 처리량이 정식후 시간이 경과함에 따라 토마토 과일의 당함량이 증가하였지만 토마토 부산물 액비처리량에 따른 처리간 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 4. 토마토 부산물 액비를 처리하고 96일 후 분석한 항산산화물질 함량과 항산화반응에서 페놀함량의 처리간 차이가 인정되었지만 플라보노이드 함량과 DPPH반응에서 차이가 없었다. 5. 토마토 부산물 액비를 처리하고 정식 96일 후 과육내 무기물 함량을 분석한 결과 P, K, Mg, 및 Mn 용량은 p≤0.05 수준의 차이가 인정되었다. 그러나 Ca, S, Fe 및 Na 함량은 뚜렷한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. This study was conducted to examine the influence of tomato residual products as natural organic fertilizer on the growth and fruit quality of organically grown tomatoes. To achieve the purpose of research objectives, tomato seedlings were transplanted to plastic house soil and growth characteristics were investigated 35 and 96 days after transplanting. The contents of vitamins and mineral nutrients were also analyzed to evaluate fruit quality of organically grown tomatoes. The results are as follows: In the analysis results of soil conducted before transplanting of tomatoes, the pH, EC, and concentrations of K, Ca and Mg were 6.84, 3.35 dSㆍm^-1, 1.21, 11.8, and 2.02 cmol+/kg, respectively. The concentrations of P₂O₅, NH₄-N, and NO₃-N were 476, 0.0 and 68.6 mgㆍkg^-1, respectively. In the composition of liquid fertilizer produced from tomato reside, the pH, EC, and concentrations of K, Ca and Mg were 5.62, 1.57 dSㆍm^-1, 63.3, 18.9, and 9.10 cmol+/kg, respectively. The concentrations of P₂O₅, NH₄-N, and NO₃-N were 67.2, 11.3 and 3.85 mgㆍkg^-1, respectively. The number of flower cluster 35 days after transplanting showed significant difference (p≤0.05) with the highest results in 0.6L/㎡ treatment, but plant height and number of nodes 35 days after transplant and plant height, number of nodes, and number of flower cluster 96 days after transplant did not show statistical differences. The application amount of organic liquid fertilizer did not influence on the yield as well as length, width and weight of fruits investigated 96 days after transplant. The sugar contents of tomato fruits increased from July 3 to September 3 in all treatments, but statistical different among treatments was not observed. In analysis results of anti-oxidant contents and anti-oxidation reaction, the phenol content showed statistical different with the highest content in 0.9 L/㎡ treatment. However, flavonoid content and DPPH reaction did not show statistical differences among treatments. In the fruit tissue analysis for mineral nutrient contents 96 days after transplanting, the statistical different were not observed in Ca, S, Fe and Na contents, but observed in P, K, Mg and Mn contents at p≤0.05.

스마트팜 데이터를 이용한 토마토 최적인자에 관한 연구

나명환,박유하,조완현 한국데이터정보과학회 2017 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.28 No.6

The smart farm is a remarkable system because it utilizes information and communication technologies in agriculture to bring high productivity and excellent qualities of crops. It automatically measures the growth environment of the crops and accumulates huge amounts of environmental information in real time growing in smart farms using multi-variable control of environmental factors. The statistical model using the collected big data will be helpful for decision making in order to control optimal growth environment of crops in smart farms. Using data collected from a smart farm of tomato, we carried out multiple regression analysis to determine the relationship between yield and environmental factors and to predict yield of tomato. In this study, appropriate parameter modification was made for environmental factors considering tomato growth. Using these new factors, we fit the model and derived the optimal environmental factors that affect the yields of tomato. Based on this, we could predict the yields of tomato. It is expected that growth environment can be controlled to improve tomato productivities by using statistical model. 최근 농업 분야에서는 빅데이터와 사물인터넷을 이용한 스마트팜의 확산이 이루어지고 있다. 스마트팜은 첨단 정보통신기술을 농업에 활용하여 농작물의 높은 생산성과 우수한 품질을 가져다줄 것으로 주목받고 있다. 스마트팜은 복합 환경제어시스템으로 온실 안에서 자라고 있는 농작물의 생육환경을 자동적으로 측정하여 실시간으로 환경 정보가 방대한 양의 데이터로 쌓이고 있다. 따라서 측정된 빅데이터를 활용한 농작물의 통계적 최적 생육환경설정 모형은 스마트팜에서 의사결정을 하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 스마트팜 토마토 농가에서 실제로 수집된 자료를 이용하여 수확량과 환경변수의 연관성을 알아보고 이것을 토대로 수확량을 예측하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 먼저 토마토 생육과정을 고려하여 환경인자에 대해서 적절한 변수 변환을 한 후 새롭게 생성된 변수들을 이농하여 모형을 적합시켰다. 그리고 적합된 통계적 모형을 이용하여 토마토의 수확량에 영량을 미치는 최적환경인자를 도출하였고, 이를 바탕으로 토마토 농가의 수확량을 예측할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과는 통계적 모형을 활용하여 토마토 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있는 최적의 생육환경을 조절할 수 있는 재배전락를 제시하는데 의미가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

서부 경남지역 토마토 농장에서의 위생 미생물의 분포

김진수,심원보,김지훈,김세리,정덕화,Kim Jin-Soo,Shim Won-Bo,Kim Ji-Hun,Kim Se-Ri,Chung Duck-Hwa 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.1

This study were conducted to investigate the microbial contamination level in 5 tomato farms in Western Gyeongnam. A total of 130 samples was examined for sanitary indicator bacteria, such as aerobic plate count (APC), coliforms, and Escherchia coli, and pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. APC and coliform count ranged $0\~6.62\;and\;0\~4.52 log_{10}\;CFU/(ml,\;g,\;100\;cm^2,\;hand)$, respectively, and $32.5\%$ were contaminated with E. coli. Especially, most of the samples from employees are high as above $4.0\;log_{10}\;CFU/(ml,\;g,\;100\;cm^2,\;hand)$ in APC. S. aureus, detected at $10.7\%$, was found in employees' hands, irrigation water, and hydroponic solution. whereas E. coli $O157:H7$, Salmonella spp, and L. monocytogenes were not detected. These results will provide fundamental microbiological information for introduction of good agricultural practice (GAP)system in tomato farms.

소규모 토마토 시설재배 농가의 선별 작업에 대한 근골격계질환 작업부담 평가

김승연,김인수,서민태,이충근,박수인 대한인간공학회 2023 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.42 No.6

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the risk of sorting tasks for smallscale tomato farmers using an ergonomic assessment tool to provide suggestions for improving their work environment. Background: In the case of facility-grown crops, productivity improvements and labor savings have been achieved through the introduction of advanced technologies such as automation. However, small-scale farmers have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. In particular, facility-grown crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers often involve the handling of heavy objects such as harvested crops during sorting. This requires an assessment of the musculoskeletal workload in order to improve the work. Method: This study conducted a workload assessment of sorting tasks in ten small tomato farms. Field interviews were conducted to analyze the detailed tasks of sorting, and ergonomic assessment tools (RULA, REBA, AWBA) were used to evaluate the risk of working posture. Simulation analysis using 3D SSPP was performed to evaluate the back strain caused by handling heavy objects. In addition, the Borgs RPE scale was used to measure subjective discomfort for each unit task. Results: The detailed analysis of the sorting task was divided into six unit tasks. According to the ergonomic posture assessment, the harvest unloading and sorting preparation tasks showed a high risk of more than 3 points, and the back strain assessment showed high L4/L5 and L5/S1 compression forces of 2678.6N and 2707.8N, respectively, during harvest unloading. The subjective discomfort of the whole body was measured as somewhat difficult (14 points) or more in all tasks except the harvesting task. The localized discomfort was mainly found in the lower back, shoulders, and arms with the level of difficult (5 points) or more. Conclusion: As a result of the study, the harvest unloading task showed a high workload among the six unit tasks. In order to improve it, it is necessary to develop a tool or device that can minimize the range of repetitive movements and the angle at which the waist bends and alleviate the burden of the harvesting load. Application: The results of the workload assessment for each unit task can be used to improve the work environment for small tomato farms. The results can also be used to develop ergonomic equipment specific to each unit task.

토마토 잿빛곰팡이병에 대한 유기농업자재의 억제효과

한국유기농업학회 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

Botrytis cinerea infects stems, leaves and fruits of greenhouse tomato and can cause serious economic losses. This study was conducted to develop organic farming control method against tomato gray mold. Twenty two organic farming materials including mineral and plant extracts were screened for the suppressive activity against Botrytis cinerea, in vitro and in vivo. Among the organic farming materials, sulfur, copper, Chinese twinleaf extract and rhubarb extract decreased by 51.7-90% of the spore germination of Botrytis cinerea. Also, gray mold incidence was reduced more than 90% on tomato stems by treating sulfur, seaweed extracts, rhubarb root extracts and Chinese twinleaf extract. After the selected four organic farming materials were applied on tomato cultivated in greenhouse, their control effects against the tomato gray mold were tested. When the water soluble sulfur was foliar-sprayed on the tomato leaves infected by artificial inoculation with spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea, it showed 87.9% of control value. Also, control activity of the water soluble sulfur was paralleled with chemical fungicide, diethofencarb+carbendazim. The above mentioned results indicate the sulfur for-mulation can be used as chemical fungicide alternatives for controlling tomato gray mold in the greenhouse.

토마토 잿빛곰팡이병에 대한 유기농업자재의 억제효과

홍성준,김용기,심창기,김민정,박종호,한은정,지형진,김석철 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

Botrytis cinerea infects stems, leaves and fruits of greenhouse tomato and can cause serious economic losses. This study was conducted to develop organic farming control method against tomato gray mold. Twenty two organic farming materials including mineral and plant extracts were screened for the suppressive activity against Botrytis cinerea, in vitro and in vivo. Among the organic farming materials, sulfur, copper, Chinese twinleaf extract and rhubarb extract decreased by 51.7-90% of the spore germination of Botrytis cinerea. Also, gray mold incidence was reduced more than 90% on tomato stems by treating sulfur, seaweed extracts, rhubarb root extracts and Chinese twinleaf extract. After the selected four organic farming materials were applied on tomato cultivated in greenhouse, their control effects against the tomato gray mold were tested. When the water soluble sulfur was foliar-sprayed on the tomato leaves infected by artificial inoculation with spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea, it showed 87.9% of control value. Also, control activity of the water soluble sulfur was paralleled with chemical fungicide, diethofencarb+carbendazim. The above mentioned results indicate the sulfur formulation can be used as chemical fungicide alternatives for controlling tomato gray mold in the greenhouse.

시설온실 생산성 향상을 위한 이송로봇의 토마토 적재 트레이 타탕성 확인과 과일상자 상하차 기구 제작에 관한 연구

김만중(Man-Jung Kim),유범상(Beom-Sahng Ryuh),김경철(Kyoung-chul Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.10

본 논문은 시설온실에서 이송로봇을 사용할시 생산성 향상을 위한 토마토 트레이 필요 여부와 과일상자 상하차 기구에 관한 연구이다. 기존 연구한 토마토 경도측정 값을 토대로 토마토가 상자에서 최대 20㎏의 하중을 받는다고 하였을 때 토마토 윗면의 30%가 접촉한다고 하면 23.6(g/㎟)이상의 압력을 버텨야 한다. 측정결과 토마토는 최소 46(g/㎟)이상의 압력을 버틸 수 있음으로 별도의 적재 트레이가 없어도 수확이나 이송 시 문제가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 과일상자 상하차 기구는 알루미늄 프로파일을 사용하여 최대한 경량화 하였으며, 이송로봇과 이송로봇에 적재되는 과일상자의 크기를 기준으로 충분히 작동 할 수 있도록 설계를 진행 하였다. 상자를 밀어주는 구동부 부분과 상자를 받고 올려주는 테이블 부분으로 나누어 제작 하였으며, 구동부는 2개의 모터를 사용하여 2단으로 작동하여 이송로봇이 움직이지 않고 한 위치에서 상, 하차를 모두 진행 할 수 있도록 제작 하였다. 또한 실험을 통하여 상하차기구의 동작 시간과 동작을 시험한 결과 동작시간은 평균 62.25S로 측정 되었고, 상차 시 상자가 걸리는 문제점을 발견 하였으나 테이블에 롤러를 추가하여 해결 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 시설 온실에서 이송로봇 이용에 도움을 주었으며 과일 상하차 기구를 통해 생산성을 높이는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다. This paper studies whether tomato trays are needed for productivity improvement and presents a fruit box loading and unloading mechanism of a transfer robot in a facility greenhouse. Based on the tomato hardness value studied in the past, when a tomato receives a maximum load of 20 kg from a box, and if 30% of the top surface of the tomato is in contact, it must withstand a pressure of 23.6(g/㎟) or more. Based on the measurement result, it was found that there was no problem during harvest or transport even without a separate loading tray, as tomatoes can withstand a pressure of at least 46(g/㎟) or more. The fruit box loading and unloading mechanisms were made as lightweight as possible by using an aluminum profile. It was designed to operate sufficiently based on the transfer robot and the size of the fruit box loaded on the transfer robot. It was manufactured by dividing the driving part that pushes the box and the table part that receives and raises the box. In addition, the problems of the loading and unloading mechanism were identified and solved by conducting experiments. This study found that it is helpful to use a transfer robot in the facility greenhouse, and it is expected to increase productivity through the fruit loading and unloading mechanism.

토마토 유기농 시설재배에서 올레산을 이용한 친환경적인 가루이류 방제 효과

이문행,김성은,김영식,이희경,이환구,지형진,김용기,심창기,김민정,홍성준,이윤수,Lee, Mun-Haeng,Kim, Sung-Eun,Kim, Young-Shik,Lee, Hee-Keyng,Lee, Hwan-Gu,Jee, Hyung-Jin,Kim, Yong-Ki,Shim, Chang-Ki,Kim, Min-Jeong,Hong, Sung-Jun,Lee, Youn- 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 토마토 유기재배 시 발생하는 주요 해충인 온실가루이와 담배가루이에 대해 친환경적인 방제방법을 개발하기 위해서 수행했다. 특히 담배가루이는 토마토에서 가장 문제가 되고 있는 황화잎말림바이러스의 매개충이다. 가루이류는 바이러스의 매개충일 뿐 아니라 토마토를 흡즙하게 되면 생육이 저조해지며 감로분비에 의한 그을음병을 유발한다. 현재 친환경적인 방법으로 황색점착트랩, 황온점벌, 지중해이리응애 등을 사용하는 방법이 있으나 사용적기를 놓치거나 하우스 환경이 천적에 적합하지 않으면 좋은 결과를 볼 수 없는 문제가 있다. 이번 연구에서 곤충들에 페르몬의 역할을 하는 올레산을 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm, 4,000ppm 고압분무기를 활용하여 3회 처리한 결과 2,000ppm 76%, 4,000ppm 84%의 높은 방제가를 보였으며 2,000ppm처리와 4,000ppm 처리 간에 유의성은 없었다. 가루이 방제에 기존에 사용되고 있는 님오일 1,500ppm과 dinotefuran 50ppm을 비교 시험한 결과 올레산 2,000ppm의 가루이 방제가가 82%로 가장 높았으며 님오일 1500ppm과 dinotefuran 50ppm은 각각 75%의 방제가를 보였으며 유의성은 없었다. 경제적 측면으로 보게 되면 10a 1회 방제시 님오일은 20,150원이 소요되는 반면 올레산은 3,180원이 소요되어 경제적으로는 올레산을 활용하는 것이 유리하다고 할 수 있다. 이상의 방제시험으로 토마토 유기농재배에서 올레산을 이용한 경제적인 가루이 방제방법을 제시할 수 있었다. This research was performed to test the effects of oleic acid for the management of greenhouse whiteflies and tobacco whiteflies. Tobacco whiteflies, especially, are the vectors of tomato yellow leaf curl virus on tomato plants. Whiteflies are not only the vectors of various viruses but also the major insect pests that cause direct damages through sucking and induce sooty mold with their sweet dew on tomato plants. There are many eco-friendly management measures including the use of yellow sticky trap and natural enemies such as Eretmocerus eremicus and Amblyseius swirskii. However, these management measures have difficulties to implement in the greenhouse. Therefore, in this research, oleic acid was tested for its effect on the management of whiteflies at various concentrations of 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm, or 4,000ppm. As a result, treatments of 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm and 4,000ppm oleic acid showed the control value of 70%, 76% and 84%, respectively. In another test, treatments of 2,000ppm oleic acid, and control treatment of 1,5000ppm neem oil and 50ppm dinotefuran showed the control value of 82%, 75%, and 75%, respectively. Cost for one application of oleic acid and neem oil for 10a area would be 3,180 Won and 20,150 Won, respectively. As a result, it was assumed that the use of oleic acid would be a appropriate management measure.

토마토 농가 환경에서 분리한 Bacillus cereus의 열저항성 분석

류민경,임영실,이지연 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2022 자원과학연구 Vol.4 No.2

Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a spore forming bacteria with a highly adhesive ability on the food surface and which expresses concern about commercial sterilization due to heat resistance. In this study, the heat challenge was performed at 60℃ for 60 min to derive the importance of the inactivation of bacteria by time during heating 14 isolates of B. cereus from the tomato farm environment. As a result, the final cell counts of B. cereus reduced after heating were –3.6 Log CFU/mL on average (minimum: –2.8 Log CFU/mL, maximum: –4.7 Log CFU/mL). Reduced cell counts of B. cereus after heating for 60 min ranged from 0.5 Log CFU/mL to 2.4 Log CFU/mL. Remained B. cereus after heating can recover in an appropriate environment, and cause foodborne illness. B. cereus existed in the farm environment during the cultivation stage of agricultural products can be transferred to agricultural products through various routes such as soil, toilet handles and worker gloves, thus, the management of B. cereus in a farm environment is essential. In addition, improper sterilization, manufacturing, processing and packaging in the food processing stage cannot be expected to inhibit the complete growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, and the risk of foodborne illness can be increased. Therefore, thorough management of these processes is considered important.

자연광 조건에서 숙도별 토마토 추적이 가능한 Instance Segmentation 기반 인식시스템

이우영(Woo-Young Lee),고광은(KwangEun Ko),강재현(Jaehyeon Kang),박현지(HyunJi Park),장인훈(Inhoon Jang) 제어로봇시스템학회 2020 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.26 No.11

This paper describes a tomato recognitions system to be applied to a harvesting robot used in farms under natural light conditions. The tomato recognition system is composed of a stereo camera, light, deep learning based instance segmentation model and Kalman filter based object tracking algorithm. In order to train the instance segmentation model, a large-scale dataset of the actual smartfarm background is made, and performance verification is performed on the test dataset. The average precision of the deep learning based instance segmentation model achieved 96.8% of performance when the threshold of the prediction score for classifying ripeness is over 0.75(Table. 3), and the multiple object tracking accuracy of the Kalman filter based tracking method is approximately 74.3%.