Analysis of Contents and Internal Structures of ‘Technology part of Technology & Home economics Textbooks’ the 7th Revised in Korea Curriculum of Middle School

최유현,김동하 한국기술교육학회 2009 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of middle school technology textbooks and their internal structure. Based upon the relevant concept of the technology education by Dong-ha Kim(2009), his model analyzing problem-based programs and their internal structure will be applied to currently developing middle school technology textbooks. Also, to verify this study, three experts who majored in educational technology, curriculum and evaluation and published more than one paper on professional report related to this field were selected. Those resources were used to analyze the contents of problem-solving oriented materials and model for internal structures analysis applying to technology textbooks and analyze them. Especially, A publisher, Dong-ha Kim, his textbook is well organized and provides internal criteria and external criteria for learning contents selection. Since all A, B, C, and D publishers are estimated to handle with five areas such as manufacturing, construction, transportation, information, and biological technology well in their textbooks, the following conclusions could be drawn out through this study. First, in the textbooks that are analyzed in this study, the contents provided well-structured information. That is, it consists of the entire structure and context. Its content and structure is well organized for learners to concentrate on their problems and pursue their study. Second, even though internal structure domain is described by clear sentences,there were differences in given in-depth selection activities, supplementary practice, supplementary study, in-depth learning, and so on. Third, the different 4 publisher's textbooks showed differences in trouble-shooting activities presentation forms and volume, and so on. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of middle school technology textbooks and their internal structure. Based upon the relevant concept of the technology education by Dong-ha Kim(2009), his model analyzing problem-based programs and their internal structure will be applied to currently developing middle school technology textbooks. Also, to verify this study, three experts who majored in educational technology, curriculum and evaluation and published more than one paper on professional report related to this field were selected. Those resources were used to analyze the contents of problem-solving oriented materials and model for internal structures analysis applying to technology textbooks and analyze them. Especially, A publisher, Dong-ha Kim, his textbook is well organized and provides internal criteria and external criteria for learning contents selection. Since all A, B, C, and D publishers are estimated to handle with five areas such as manufacturing, construction, transportation, information, and biological technology well in their textbooks, the following conclusions could be drawn out through this study. First, in the textbooks that are analyzed in this study, the contents provided well-structured information. That is, it consists of the entire structure and context. Its content and structure is well organized for learners to concentrate on their problems and pursue their study. Second, even though internal structure domain is described by clear sentences,there were differences in given in-depth selection activities, supplementary practice, supplementary study, in-depth learning, and so on. Third, the different 4 publisher's textbooks showed differences in trouble-shooting activities presentation forms and volume, and so on.

회계환경 변화가 내부통제구조 및 회계정보의 질에 끼친 영향

김창수 대한경영학회 2004 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

This study attempts to empirically examine how changes in accounting environment impact on internal control structure and the quality of accounting information taking the contingency theory approach. First, it explores the impact of changes in accounting environment on the internal control structure. Second, it examines the impact of internal control structure on the quality of accounting information. Third, it attempts to investigate a premise that the quality of accounting information can be improved where there is a "fit" between the change in accounting environment and the internal control structure. The findings indicate that the perception about changes in accounting environment has a significant impact on strengthening the internal control structure and the quality of accounting information. It also shows that the quality of accounting information can be improved when there is a "fit" between the change in accounting environment and internal control structure. These empirical results suggest that a company needs to adopt changes in accounting environment to improve the function of internal control structure and as a result the quality of accounting information.

의자디자인 구조의 결합 유형에 관한 연구

오세환(Oh, Sehwan),박영순(Park, Young-Soon) 한국실내디자인학회 2009 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.6

Structure is one of the most important components in designing chairs, since a chair should support the weight of users and make them feel comfortable. However, previous studies have focused on examining the materials and the techniques of processing of chairs, but less on studying the structures to facilitate human friendly use enough to influence the change of the current chair design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the composition element in structure of the chair design specifically from 2000 to 2008 the fundamentals to achieve quality chair design. This study examined 386 chairs which the most reputable furniture fair, the Milan International Furniture Fair exhibited from 2000 to 2008. 386 chairs were chosen from 72 companies which passed the popularity and ranks. 24 Components of the structure of chairs were used to annalize the 386 chairs. The structural types of chair design included 51 kinds. Among them, the most representative types appeared to be 5 kinds. Particularly, the single structure chair was comprised of 25%, its productivity has increased steadily since 2004 which indicated that the structure of chair has become simplified. According to the components of chair, classified structure types were analyzed into (1) a single structure consisting of one component, (2) a simple structure with two components, (3) a complex structure with three components, and (4) a multiple structure with four components. The majority of chair types followed the order of the single structure, simple structure, complex structure, and multiple structure. The results of the analysis on the structure of chairs indicated that the structure of chairs has been changed toward single type No. 24 and simple type No. 6+13.

从“NP+的+VP”结构的外部功能看其内部构造

이은경 한국중국언어문화연구회 2011 한중언어문화연구 Vol.- No.27

This study focused on the syntactic function of the “NP+de+VP” structure (syntactic distribution), to examine when we put this dependent structure into a larger syntactic structure, what kind of syntactic position that can take, what kind of syntactic and semantic constrains exist with its related components. Then, from the structure of the external features and characteristics come back to see the internal construction and the originate of the structure. In other words, through this structure’s external features and limited options, test the two viewpiont about that construction of its structure and sources ; (1) the predicate component “VP” of the “NP+de+VP” is first nomialized, then by structural modification “de”, constitute the nominal-modified structure. This theoretical assumption can be called “The partial nominalization viewpoint”. (2)“NP+de+VP” is a nominalization form by inserting the nominalizational marker de in the subject-predicate construction, rather than an endocentric construction in which the predicate component “VP” not nominalized. This theoretical assumption can be called “The whole nominalization viewpoint”. Finally, this study found the “The whole nominalization viewpoint” of the structure is more logically consistent, more in line with the language fact than “The partial nominalization viewpoint”.

FTA 협상 분석의 이론적 틀:협상 구조와 과정을 중심으로

김기홍 국가안보전략연구원 2012 국가안보와 전략 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical tool to analyze FTA negotiations focused on the concept of Negotiations Structure and Negotiations Process, and, based on this explanation, to suggest policy implications regarding future Korea’s FTA negotiations. This research can be summarized as follows. First, Negotiations Structure determines the basic directions and characteristics of FTA negotiations. Second, Negotiations Process, which composed of internal negotiations and external negotiations, practically determines the basic outcomes of FTA negotiations. Third, Negotiations Process, which is well managed, can give an impact on Negotiations Structure. For this purpose, perceptions and willingness of external negotiators regarding the importance of internal negotiations will influence Negotiations Structure with the proper combination of useful negotiations strategies. Forth, in the case of plural negotiations such as negotiations of three countries (A>B>C), the nation of C can have some possibility to change its Negotiation Structure through Negotiations Process. The implication of these analysis on future Korea’s FTA negotiations is as follows: Even in the worst situation where Korea has comparatively disadvantageous position, she can change her Negotiation Structure by managing well her Negotiations Process. 이 논문의 목적은 국가 간 협상 특히 FTA 협상을 분석하기 위한 이론적 틀을 협상의 구조(Structure)와 협상의 과정(Process)이라는 관점에서 제시하고 이에 근거한 정책 시사점을 제공하는 데 있다. 그 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 협상 구조(structure)는 FTA 협상에 참여하는 국가들이 향후 협상을 어떻게 진행해 나갈 것인지 그 기본적 방향과 성격을 결정한다. 둘째, 협상의 과정(Process)이란 협상 구조(Structure)에서 결정된 사실에 대해 실질적인 협상을 진행하는 단계를 의미하며 이것은 내부협상과 외부협상이라는 이중구조 협상의 형태를 띤다. 셋째, 협상 과정이 적절히 이루어질 경우 이것은 협상 구조에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 비대칭적인 구조를 가지는 양자협상의 경우 ‘치열한 반대’를 전제로, B국(상대적으로 작은 나라)이 ‘인식’과 ‘의지’를 바탕으로 A국(상대적으로 큰 나라)의 상황과 부합될 수 있는 ‘전략’을 수립하는 것이 필요하다. 넷째, 세 나라가 FTA를 추진해 나가는 소수국 간 협상의 경우(A>B>C), 가장나쁜 경우라도 C국은 협상 과정(Process)을 통하여 협상 구조(Structure)를 변경할 가능성은 존재한다. 이런 이론적 분석과 관련된 정책 시사점은 ‘정치 경제적 비대칭적관계 하에서 시작되는 FTA 협상일 경우에도, 우리의 협상 과정을 충분히 진행하는 것이, 다소 불리하게 제기될 수 있는 협상구조를 우리에게 유리하게 바꿀 수 있는 지름길이 될 수 있다’는 것이다.

Application of the Runge Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin-Direct Ghost Fluid Method to internal explosion inside a water-filled tube

Jinwon Park 대한조선학회 2019 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.11 No.1

This paper aims to assess the applicability of the Runge Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin-Direct Ghost Fluid Method to the internal explosion inside a water-filled tube, which previously was studied by many researchers in separate works. Once the explosive charge located at the inner center of the water-filled tube explodes, the tube wall is subjected to an extremely high intensity fluid loading and deformed. The deformation causes a modification of the field of fluid flow in the region near the water-structure interface so that has substantial influence on the response of the structure. To connect the structure and the fluid, valid data exchanges along the interface are essential. Classical fluid structure interaction simulations usually employ a matched meshing scheme which discretizes the fluid and structure domains using a single mesh density. The computational cost of fluid structure interaction simulations is usually governed by the structure because the size of time step may be determined by the density of structure mesh. The finer mesh density, the better solution, but more expensive computational cost. To reduce such computational cost, a non-matched meshing scheme which allows for different mesh densities is employed. The coupled numerical approach of this paper has fewer difficulties in the implementation and computation, compared to gas dynamics based approach which requires complicated analytical manipulations. It can also be applied to wider compressible, inviscid fluid flow analyses often found in underwater explosion events.

Application of the Runge Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin-Direct Ghost Fluid Method to internal explosion inside a water-filled tube

Park, Jinwon The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2019 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.11 No.1

This paper aims to assess the applicability of the Runge Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin-Direct Ghost Fluid Method to the internal explosion inside a water-filled tube, which previously was studied by many researchers in separate works. Once the explosive charge located at the inner center of the water-filled tube explodes, the tube wall is subjected to an extremely high intensity fluid loading and deformed. The deformation causes a modification of the field of fluid flow in the region near the water-structure interface so that has substantial influence on the response of the structure. To connect the structure and the fluid, valid data exchanges along the interface are essential. Classical fluid structure interaction simulations usually employ a matched meshing scheme which discretizes the fluid and structure domains using a single mesh density. The computational cost of fluid structure interaction simulations is usually governed by the structure because the size of time step may be determined by the density of structure mesh. The finer mesh density, the better solution, but more expensive computational cost. To reduce such computational cost, a non-matched meshing scheme which allows for different mesh densities is employed. The coupled numerical approach of this paper has fewer difficulties in the implementation and computation, compared to gas dynamics based approach which requires complicated analytical manipulations. It can also be applied to wider compressible, inviscid fluid flow analyses often found in underwater explosion events.

텍스트 이해에서 의미 구성의 층위와 인지적 상호 작용

김혜정 국어교육학회 2002 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.15 No.-

독자는 스키마의 도움으로 텍스트 표현 구조에 함축된 의미를 추론하며 머릿속에 의미 구조를 구성해 나간다. 통사적 결속 기제나 의미적 표지와 같은 표면적 결속 구조가 얼마나 긴밀한 의미적 관계망을 형성하고 있는지를 보여주는 것이 응집성(coherence)이라면, 텍스트가 응집성을 얼마나 가지고 있는지에 대한 판단은 '텍스트 밖의' 다른 기제로서 필자의 텍스트 생산 의도나 텍스트 소통과 관련된 사회 문화적인 맥락 등을 어떻게 파악하느냐에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 능동적인 독자는 텍스트로부터 의미 구조를 표상하는데 있어, 텍스트 내적 정보들뿐만 아니라 텍스트 외적인 정보들을 의미 해석의 단서로 적극 이용하는대, 이러한 인지 과정에서 독자와 필자, 맥락 간에 인지적 상호작용이 전제된다. 본고는 독자의 의미 구성 과정을 비판적으로 텍스트를 읽는 과정과 관련지어 설명하고, 광고 텍스트를 일례로 분석해 보았다. 본고는 독자에 의해 재구성되는 의미를 두 가지 층위로 임의 구분하였는데,첫 번째 층위(level)은 텍스트 의미는 텍스트의 유형과 표면 구조에 구속적인, 표면적 주제 의미이고, 두 번째 층위의 의미는 텍스트 생산과 수용의 사회문화적 맥락과 결부시킴으로써 독자가 추론한 이면적 주제 의미이다. 따라서 의미 구조를 구성한다는 것은 텍스트에 드러난 표면적인 텍스트 밖의 상황 맥락적 정보들과 관련지듬으로써 숨겨진 텍스트의 2차적인 의미까지도 추론하는 과정이다. 능숙한 독자는 표층적 결속 구조에 바탕한 의미 구조를 파악함과 동시에, 텍스트의 생산과 수용에 관련되는, 텍스트 왜재적인 사회 문화적인 상황 맥락과 텍스트의 내용을 관련시킴으로써 보다 심층적인 의미를 파악한다. 비판적인 텍스트 이해란 바로 두 번째 층위의 의미가지 도출해 내는 과정을 뜻하며, 비로소 이러한 해석 과정을 통해 결과된 '의미'와 그 의미를 드러내는 '표현 형식'을 비판적 사고 작용의 대상으로 삼을 수 있다. 이것은 텍스트와 독자, 그리고 상황맥락 간의 상호 협상 과정에 비유되며, 이러한 인지 과정에서 중요한 것은 텍스트를 분석하여 얻어낸 결과인 주제를 독자가 판단하는 것이다. 따라서 비판적으로 텍스트를 읽는다는 것은 글 내용의 표면 뒤에 숨겨진 필자의 의도를 찾아내면서 그것이 얼마나 타당하고 적절한지를 자신의 스키마에 비추어 판단하는 상위 인지적 과정이다. 그러므로 독자의 스키마는 텍스트 표현에 대한 글쓰기의 관습과 규칙, 자신이 속한 담화공동체의 요구와 가치관, 무엇보다 건전한 상식과 윤리 의식 등을 포괄하고 있어야 하며, 이로 인해 읽기 교육은 단순히 독해 원리나 과정의 학습이 아니라, 사고 교육의 방법이 되며, 나아가 담화공동체의 구성원으로서 건전한 윤리의식을 고양시킬 수 있는 범 교과적 학습이 된다. A Study on the relevance with text comprehension and semantic structure is to explain how a man understands the world-building situated meaning and communicates the external world through the real text. The concept of critical reading is reader's energic reconstructive processing in finding of Text-eaning. This paper explains to approach to the text comprehension with two dimentsions. In first level, text structure is analyzed into micro structure, macro structure, superstructure and text content is explained by description of relations of each structure. In second level, whole and further meaning of text is constructed by inferring sociocultural context, which has been theorized by transition of interpretation In literature and semiotics. Text first-level meaning interpreted in first level is superficial and locutionary, but second-level meaning in second level is further, situated, illocutionary and often perlocutionary. Especially, Critical reader reconstructes semantic world by inferring situated meaning and by grasping writer' internal intentions, text-purpose, sociocultural backgrounds of text production, and so forth. Cognition in text comprehension is divided two worlds ; internal text-world, external text-world. Internal text-world is reader's semantic representation of text contents and text structure, and external text-world is nonlinguistic representation which has interextuality against original text and is consisted of values, beliefs knowledges, backgrounds, schema, and etc. reader systhesizes 'internal text-world' and 'external text-world' uring critical reading. Accordingly, critical reading is interpretation-processes of sociocultural situated meanings and an evaluative and creative activity assuming critical thinking in constructing of text-eaning.

기술·가정 교과서 내적·외적 체제 선정 영향 요인

함승연 한국기술교육학회 2012 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the factors influencing the selection of technology·home economics textbook in terms of internal and external structure. Objects of study were teaching teachers of technology·home economics on 2 grade and teachers had teaching experience of technology·home economics more than one year. This study was used technology·home economics textbook structure analysis frame and the survey was conducted on hundred schools by sampling. The factors influencing the selection of technology·home economics textbook in terms of internal structure were 'learning effectiveness of data', 'relation of real life on contents', 'interest of degrees on contents', 'reasonable levels of contents', 'suggestion of learning to solve problems', 'learning activity of involved students'. The factors influencing the selection of technology·home economics textbook in terms of external structure were 'supplement explanation of difficult terms, concept, theory', 'learning convenience of textbook composition', 'understanding probability of language expression on textbook', 'degree of arousing interest on cover, design of learning activity'. 본 연구는 기술·가정 검정 교과서를 직접 선정하여 사용하는 교사가 교과서 선정 시에 선정에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 탐색하여 앞으로 개발될 기술·가정 교과서 제작에 타당한 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 교과서 체제와 관련된 국내·외 선행 연구를 바탕으로 개발된 ‘기술·가정 교과서 체제 분석 틀’을 이용하여 교과서 선정 영향 요인을 조사하였다. 연구 대상은 교과서 선정에 참여했던 중학교 기술·가정 교사를 대상으로 하되 선정된 교과서를 가지고 1년 이상 가르친 경험이 있는 중학교 2학년 기술·가정 교사를 대상으로 하였다. 설문 조사는 전국 지역 규모별로 유층화하여 100개교를 표집하고 이들 학교의 기술·가정 2학년 담당 교사를 대상으로 선정 영향 요인을 조사하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술·가정 교과서 선정 시 교과서 체제 구성 영역에서 영향이 큰 요인을 살펴본 결과, ‘학습 내용의 선정’, ‘학습 내용의 조직’, ‘교수·학습 방법’, ‘교육과정의 반영’영역의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며 상대적으로 외적 체제의 영향은 내적 체제에 비하여 매우 적었으나 외적 체제에서는 ‘편집 디자인’ 영역의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교과서 선정 시 내적 체제의 구성 요소로 영향이 큰 것은 ‘학습 내용의 조직’ 영역에서 ‘각종 자료의 학습 효과성’으로 나타났으며 다음은 ‘학습 내용의 선정’ 영역에서 ‘학습 내용의 실생활과의 관련성’, ‘학습 내용의 흥미 정도’, ‘내용 수준의 적정성’ 순으로 나타났다. 이는 이론과 실습이 함께 이루어지고 실천 교과로서의 기술·가정 교과의 특성이 잘 반영된 결과라고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 교과서 선정 시 외적 체제의 구성 요소로 영향이 큰 것은 ‘표기·표현’ 영역에서 ‘어려운 용어, 개념, 이론 등에 대한 보충 설명 여부’로 나타났으며, 다음은 ‘편집 디자인’ 영역에서 ‘지면 구성의 학습 편리성’과 ‘표기·표현’ 영역에서 ‘교과서 언어 표현의 이해 가능성’의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Characteristics of FDI and Internal Governance: Cases of Korean, Chinese and Japanese Online Companies

Hee-Jung Yeo 동아시아무역학회 2021 Journal of East Asian Trade(JEAT) Vol.3 No.2

Purpose – This paper investigated the relationship between the FDIs and internal governance of online companies. The transaction cost theory and capital structure theories were applied to test the relationship. Design/Methodology/Approach – A total of 26, including 5 Korean, 15 Chinese, and 6 Japanese online companies among the world’s top 100 were selected. Using the annual report, the characteristics of FDI of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese online companies were examined. In addition, a regression analysis was conducted to explore whether the changed capital structure plays a role in the internal governance structure as online companies raise funds necessary for FDI. Findings – It is found that the management performance of local companies was better than that of MNCs. Local companies stay in their country as long as these excellent performances are maintained, however when the growth rate of sales stagnates, they start internationalize their business activities. The regression analysis found that Online MNCs with specific assets increase equity to finance their FDIs. This study found that debt and equity can be used not only as simple financial tools, but also as internal governance structures. Research Implications – Through internal governance and FDI, online companies internalize control and create an internal capital market, striving for growth deploying the company’s specific assets. This study verifies the transaction cost theory and capital structure theories.