고추역병균 Phytophthora capsici의 생육을 저해하는 Chryseomonas luteola 5042의 선발과 항진균성 길항작용

윤경현,이은탁,김상달 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.3

경북 경주지역의 저병해 고추경착지역의 토양으로부터 생물학적 방제기작중의 하나인 항생물질을 생산하는 길항미생물을 분히하기 위하여 70여종의 세균을 분리하였으며 이들을 대상으로 고추역병균 Phytophthora capsici를 가장 강력하게 길항하는 균주를 최종 선발하였다. 선발균주는 Chryseomonas luteola로 동정되었고 방제 기작은 약한 siderophore 생산성과 cellulase 생산성도 기인되었으나 항생물질 생산성이 주요 기작임을 확인하였다. 항진균성 항생물질의 대량생산의 기초자료로 활용하고자 항생물질 생산의 최적배지 조건 및 배양조건을 조사하였는데 길항균주의 항생물질 생산에 미치는 탄소원의 영향은 0.45% N-acetyl-D-glucosamine과 0.15% D(+) cellobiose에서 81%와 89%의 P. capsicivh자의 성장 억제율을 나타냈다. 질소원의 경우는 0.55% $NH_4$CI 첨가시 69%의 억제율을 나타냈고 무기염의 영향에 있어서는 0.01% KCI을 사용했을 때 63%의 억제율을 나타냈다. 또한 배양 조건에 있어서는 pH 7.0m $30^{\circ}C$에서 84시간 배양시 가장 높은 항진균성 항생물질 생산성을 나타내었다. 토양내에서 실제로 생물방제력을 발휘하는지를 확인하기 위하여 고추를 이용한 in vivo pot test를 실시한 결과 P capsici 만 처리한 것은 고추역병 현상을 나타냈고, P capsici 와 길항균 C luteola 5042를 함께 처리한 것은 역병 현상이 나타나지 않았다. 이것으로 길항균주는 C luteola 5042 P capsici 의 성장을 저해하여 고추 역병의 발병을 억제한다는 사실을 확인할수 있었다. A powerful antagonistic bacterium against Phytophthora capsici causing phytophthora blight of red pepper was isolated from the cultivated soil in Kyongju Korea, The bilogical control mechanisms of the isolated strain were caused by strong antifungal antibiotic, siderophore and cellulase. The strain was identified as Chryseomonas luteola by the cultural morphological and physiological characteristics. The opti- mal culture medium for the antibiotic production was determined as follows : 0.15%D(+) cellobiose, 0.55% $NH_4$CI, 0.01% KCI 0.7% $K_2$$HPO_4$ 0.2% $KH_2$PO$_4$ and 0.5% sodium citrate at pH 7.0 The optimal incubation time was 84 hours at $30^{\circ}C$ In pot bioassay, the treatment of C luteola 5042 protected red pepper plant against the blight of Phytophthora capsici.

Biological Control of Oomycete Soilborne Diseases Caused by Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, and Phytophthora nicotianae in Solanaceous Crops

Elena Volynchikova,Ki Deok Kim 한국균학회 2022 Mycobiology Vol.50 No.5

Oomycete pathogens that belong to the genus Phytophthora cause devastating diseases in solanaceous crops such as pepper, potato, and tobacco, resulting in crop production losses worldwide. Although the application of fungicides efficiently controls these diseases, it has been shown to trigger negative side effects such as environmental pollution, phytotoxicity, and fungicide resistance in plant pathogens. Therefore, biological control of Phytophthora- induced diseases was proposed as an environmentally sound alternative to conventional chemical control. In this review, progress on biological control of the soilborne oomycete plant pathogens, Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, and Phytophthora nicotianae, infecting pepper, potato, and tobacco is described. Bacterial (e.g., Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Chryseobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces) and fungal (e.g., Trichoderma and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) agents, and yeasts (e.g., Aureobasidium, Curvibasidium,andMetschnikowia) have been reported as successful biocontrol agents of Phytophthora pathogens. These microorganisms antagonize Phytophthora spp. via antimicro- bial compounds with inhibitory activities against mycelial growth, sporulation, and zoospore germination. They also trigger plant immunity-inducing systemic resistance via several path- ways, resulting in enhanced defense responses in their hosts. Along with plant protection, some of the microorganisms promote plant growth, thereby enhancing their beneficial rela- tions with host plants. Although the beneficial effects of the biocontrol microorganisms are acceptable, single applications of antagonistic microorganisms tend to lack consistent effi- cacy compared with chemical analogues. Therefore, strategies to improve the biocontrol per- formance of these prominent antagonists are also discussed in this review.

역병에 대한 Enterobacter asburiae ObRS-5 처리의 유도저항성 발현

김다연,전용희,안재형,안시현,윤영건,박인철,박진우,Kim, Dayeon,Jeon, Yong Hee,Ahn, Jea-Hyung,Ahn, Si Hyeon,Yoon, Young Gun,Park, In Cheol,Park, Jin Woo 한국환경생물학회 2020 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구에서는 기 선발한 Enterobacter asburiae ObRS-5 균주를 1×10⁸ cfu mL^-1 농도로 고추에 관주 처리했을 때 Phytophthora capsici에 의한 고추역병을 74.6% 방제하는 효과가 있었다. E. asburiae ObRS-5 균주에 의한 고추역병 방제 메커니즘을 확인하기 위해 고추의 PR1, PR4 및 PR10 유전자를 특이적으로 증폭하는 프라이머를 이용하여 quantitative PCR을 수행하였다. 그 결과 E. asburiae ObRS-5 균주를 처리한 고추에서 대조구와 비교하여 상기 세 가지 유전자의 발현이 모두 높은 수준을 유지하였다. 또한 E. asburiae ObRS-5 균주는 고추의 생육을 억제하지 않으면서 ISR 반응을 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 P. capsici이 침입할 때 E. asburiae ObRS-5 균주가 매개하는 ISR 메커니즘을 통해 Phytophthora 역병의 제어가 가능한 것으로 사료된다. Phytophthora capsici is the organism that causes Phytophthora blight which infects red pepper plants prolifically, ultimately leading to crop loss. A previous study revealed that Enterobacter asburiae ObRS-5 suppresses Phytophthora blight in both red pepper and Ligularia fischeri plants. In order to determine whether the induced systemic resistance (ISR) was triggered by pre-infection with the ObRS-5 strain, we conducted quantitative PCR using primers for PR1, PR4, and PR10, which correlate with systemic resistance in red-pepper plants. In our results, red pepper plants treated with the ObRS-5 strain demonstrated increased expression of all three systemic resistance genes when compared to controls in the glasshouse seedling assay. In addition, treatment of red peppers with the ObRS-5 strain led to reduced Phytophthora blight symptoms caused by P. capsici, whereas all control seedlings were severely affected. Perhaps most importantly, E. asburiae ObRS-5 was shown to induce the ISR response in red peppers without inhibiting growth. These results support that the defense mechanisms are triggered by ObRS-5 strain prior to infection by P. capsici and ObRS-5 strain-mediated ISR action are linked events for protection to Phytophthora blight.

역병과 세균성점무늬병에 복합저항성인 핵유전형 웅성불임성 고추 계통 육성을 위한 교배의 $F_3-F_4$세대 선발

박동근,김병수,Park, Dong-Keun,Kim, Byung-Soo 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2010 慶北大農學誌 Vol.28 No.-

역병(Phytophthora capsici)과 세균성점무늬병(Xanthomonas euvesicatoria)에 복합저항성인 핵유전형 웅성불임계(Genic male sterile line, GMS)를 육성하기 위하여 역병 저항성 핵유전형 웅성불임계에 역병-세균성점무늬병 복합저항성 계통을 교배하여 작성한 조합의 $F_3$와 $F_4$ 세대에 대하여 두 가지 병에 대한 저항성 선발을 실시하였다. 역병 저항성은 잘 알려져 있는 KC294(CM334)와 KC263(AC2258)에서 도입하고, 세균성점무늬병 저항성은 KC47(PI24467)에서 도입되었다. 역병에 고도의 저항성을 지닌 GMS 계통이 얻어졌으며, 이들은 세균성점무늬병에도 양적으로 저항성을 나타낼 것으로 기대된다. Selection procedures for breeding genic male sterile lines for resistance to both Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici and bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria were executed to $F_3$ and $F_4$ generations derived from a cross between a Phytophthora resistant genic male sterile (GMS) breeding line and a bacterial spot and Phytophthora resistant breeding line. Resistance to P. capsici was originally introduced from KC294(CM334) and KC263(AC2258), the well-known sources of resistance to P. capsici. Resistance to bacterial spot was introduced from KC47(PI244670). GMS lines with high resistance to P. capsici were obtained and the selected lines are expected to be quantitatively resistant also to bacterial spot.

Screening of Resistance Melon Germplasm to Phytotpthora Rot caused by Phytophthora Capsici

Kim Min-Jeong,Shim Chang-Ki,Kim Yong-Ki 韓國作物學會 2012 한국작물학회지 Vol.57 No.4

Melon (Cucumis melo) is an annual herbaceous plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Phytophthora rot, caused by Phytophthora capsici is a serious threat to cucurbits crops production as it directly infects the host plant, and it is difficult to control because of variable pathogenicity. This study investigated the resistance of 450 accessions of melon germplasm against Phytophthora rot by inoculating the seedlings with sporangial suspension (105~;or~;6 zoosporangia/ml) of P. capsici. Disease incidence of Phytophthora rot was observed on the melon germplasm at 7-day intervals for 35 days after inoculation. Susceptible melon germplasm showed either severe symptoms of stem and root rot or death of the whole plant. Twenty out of 450 tested accessions showed less than 20% disease incidence, of which five accessions showed a high level of resistance against Phytopthtora rot. Five resistant accessions, namely IT119813, IT138016, IT174911, IT174927, and IT906998, scored 0% disease incidence under high inoculum density of P. capsici (106 zoosporangia/mL). We recommend that these candidate melon germplasm may be used as genetic resources in the breeding of melon varieties resistant to Phytophthora rot.

Screening of Resistance Melon Germplasm to Phytotpthora Rot caused by Phytophthora Capsici

김민정,심창기,김용기,지형진,홍성준,박종호,이민호,한은정 한국작물학회 2012 한국작물학회지 Vol.57 No.4

Melon (Cucumis melo) is an annual herbaceous plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Phytophthora rot, caused by Phytophthora capsici is a serious threat to cucurbits crops production as it directly infects the host plant, and it is difficult to control because of variable pathogenicity. This study investigated the resistance of 450 accessions of melon germplasm against Phytophthora rot by inoculating the seedlings with sporangial suspension (105 or 6 zoosporangia/ml) of P. capsici. Disease incidence of Phytophthora rot was observed on the melon germplasm at 7-day intervals for 35 days after inoculation. Susceptible melon germplasm showed either severe symptoms of stem and root rot or death of the whole plant. Twenty out of 450 tested accessions showed less than 20% disease incidence, of which five accessions showed a high level of resistance against Phytopthtora rot. Five resistant accessions, namely IT119813, IT138016,IT174911, IT174927, and IT906998, scored 0% disease incidence under high inoculum density of P. capsici (106 zoosporangia/mL). We recommend that these candidate melon germplasm may be used as genetic resources in the breeding of melon varieties resistant to Phytophthora rot.

Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces griseus H7602 Against Root Rot Disease (Phytophthora capsici) in Pepper

Nguyen, Xuan-Hoa,Naing, Kyaw-Wai,Lee, Young-Seong,Tindwa, Hamisi,Lee, Geon-Hyoung,Jeong, Byoung-Kon,Ro, Hee-Myeong,Kim, Sang-Jun,Jung, Woo-Jin,Kim, Kil-Yong The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.3

The root rot of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Phytophthora capsici is one of the most important diseases affecting this crop worldwide. This work presents the evaluation of the capacity of Streptomyces griseus H7602 to protect pepper plants against Phytophthora capsici and establishes its role as a biocontrol agent. In this study, we isolated an actinomycete strain H7602 from rhizosphere soil, identified it as Streptomyces griseus by 16S rRNA analysis and demonstrated its antifungal activity against various plant pathogens including P. capsici. H7602 produced lytic emzymes such as chitinase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, lipase and protease. In addition, crude extract from H7602 also exhibited destructive activity toward P. capsici hyphae. In the pot trial, results showed the protective effect of H7602 against pepper from P. capsici. Application of H7602 culture suspension reduced 47.35% of root mortality and enhanced growth of pepper plants for 56.37% in fresh root and 17.56% g in fresh shoot as compared to control, resulting in greater protection to pepper plants against P. capsici infestation. Additionally, the enzymatic activities, chitinase and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, were higher in rhizosphere soil and roots of pepper plants treated with H7602 than other treated plants. Therefore, our results indicated a clear potential of S. griseus H7602 to be used for biocontrol of root rot disease caused by P. capsici in pepper.

역병과 세균성점무늬병에 복합저항성인 핵유전형 웅성불임성 고추 계통 육성을 위한 교배의 세대 선발

박동근,김병수 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2010 慶北大農學誌 Vol.28 No.-

Selection procedures for breeding genic male sterile lines for resistance to both Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici and bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria were executed to and generations derived from a cross between a Phytophthora resistant genic male sterile (GMS) breeding line and a bacterial spot and Phytophthora resistant breeding line. Resistance to P. capsici was originally introduced from KC294(CM334) and KC263(AC2258), the well-known sources of resistance to P. capsici. Resistance to bacterial spot was introduced from KC47(PI244670). GMS lines with high resistance to P. capsici were obtained and the selected lines are expected to be quantitatively resistant also to bacterial spot. 역병(Phytophthora capsici)과 세균성점무늬병(Xanthomonas euvesicatoria)에 복합저항성인 핵유전형 웅성불임계(Genic male sterile line, GMS)를 육성하기 위하여 역병 저항성 핵유전형 웅성불임계에 역병-세균성점무늬병 복합저항성 계통을 교배하여 작성한 조합의 와 세대에 대하여 두 가지 병에 대한 저항성 선발을 실시하였다. 역병 저항성은 잘 알려져 있는 KC294(CM334)와 KC263(AC2258)에서 도입하고, 세균성점무늬병 저항성은 KC47(PI24467)에서 도입되었다. 역병에 고도의 저항성을 지닌 GMS 계통이 얻어졌으며, 이들은 세균성점무늬병에도 양적으로 저항성을 나타낼 것으로 기대된다.

Streptomyces padanus for the Biological Control of Phytophthora capsici on Pepper Plants

쩐티펑지,최옥희,곽연식,손대영,이증주,김진우 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2013 농업생명과학연구 Vol.47 No.4

Streptomyces padanus IA70-5 has been shown to be a promising biological control agent for the suppression of pepper anthracnose. In this study, we assessed the potential use of strain IA70-5 as a biological control agent for Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici. Strain S. padanus IA70-5 was found to inhibit the mycelial growth and zoosporangium formation of P. capsici causing Phytophthora blight on pepper plants. In experiments with hot pepper fruit, IA70-5 suppressed the progression of Phytophthora rot by over 90% in pre-inoculated treatments with culture suspension. In experiments with 60-day-old pepper plants, IA70-5 suppressed Phytophthora blight by over 90%. These results demonstrated the potential for S. padanus IA70-5 to provide a practical biological agent for the control of Phytophthora blight in the field.

Bacillus subtilis S54 균주를 이용한 고추 역병과 탄저병의 생물학적 방제

이건웅,김명준,박준식,채종찬,이귀재,소병율 한국식물병리학회 2011 식물병연구 Vol.17 No.1

Phytophthora blight and anthracnose disease caused by Phytophthora capsici and Collectotrichum gloeosporioides are the most important devastating diseases of red pepper plants, worldwide. Five different bacterial isolates were isolated from the red pepper rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and subsequently tested for antagonistic activity against P. capsisi and C. gloeosporioides. The area of the inhibition zone was taken as a measure for antagonistic activity. Among the 5 isolates tested, S54 exhibited a maximum antagonistic activity under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In greenhouse studies the isolate has successfully reduced the disease symptom. Protect value was 80.8% (Phytophthora blight) and 81.9% (Anthrancnose disease), whereas the infection rate of control plants was 21.3% and 23.2%. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence and API 50CHB Kit analysis the most effective isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The results of the study indicate that the stratin S54 could be used as an potential biological control of Phytophthora blight and anthracnose disease of red pepper. 초록고추 역병과 탄저병은 Phytophthora capsici와 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides에 의해 발병되는 병으로 세계적으로 많은 피해를 입히는 중요한 병원균이다. 이러한 병원균의 방제를 위하여 근권과 비근권에서 각각의 병원균 생장을 억제하는 능력이 뛰어난 5균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 분리주 중 S54균주는 in vitro와 in vivo 조건 모두에서 가장뛰어나게 병원균을 억제하였다. 하우스 실험에서도 역병과 탄저병 모두 80% 이상의 방제력을 보여주었다. 또한 S54균주의 동정을 위하여 16S rDNA 부분의 염기서열의 분석과 API 50CHB Kit를 실시하였으며, 그 결과 Bacillus subtilis로 동정하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 S54는 고추 역병과 탄저병을 방제할 수 있는 생물학적 방제제로의 가능성을 보여주었다고 할 수 있다.