초등학교의 일반학생과 영재학생들의 ‘곤충’에 대한 개념 인식 비교

이정애,홍승호 韓國敎員大學校 敎育硏究院 2009 敎員敎育 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 일반학급 400명과 영재학급 155명의 학생들을 대상으로 초등학교 과학과 생명영역의 '곤충’에 관한 개념의 인식 및 오개념 형성 원인을 비교하였다. 이를 위해 초등과학의 '곤충’과 관련된 단원에서 '곤충’에 대한 개념을 추출하여 타당도 검사를 거친 후 퍼개 문항을 선정하였으며,개념 검사지를 총 555명에게 투입하였다. 설문 조사 결과,18개 문항 중 11개 문항에서 일반학급 학생들이 영재학급보다 유의하게 높은 오답율을 나타냈다. 일반학급 학생들의 '곤충’ 개념에 대한 오인 요인으로는 주로 잘못된 유추로 인한 성급한 일반화와 직관적 사고 등에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 성별 간 오답율 비교에서는 '곤충’의 정의에 관한 2개 문항,몸 구조에 관한 2개 문항,한살이에 관한 1개 문항,생활에 관한 3개 문항에서 여학생들이 남학생들보다 유의하게 높았다. 이에 대한 원인으로는 여학생들이 '곤충’을 징그러워하거나 무서워하는 경향이 높아 그와 관련된 개념 습득에도 어려움이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 학년 간 비교에서는 '곤충,의 정의에 관한 1개 문항,몸 구조에 관한 1개 문항,한살이에 관한 2개 문항에서 5학년 학생들이 6학년 학생들보다 오답율이 유의하게 높았다. 이는 6학년 과정에서 동물의 분류에 대한 내용을 학습하기 때문에 학습 경험이 많은 6학년이 '곤충’에 대한 개념을 잘 알고 있었다. 따라서 학교현장에서는 '곤충’에 대한 오개념 교정을 위하여 인지갈등을 유발할 수 있도록 다양한 교수-학습 자료를 개발하여야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to provide tine basic data for misconception correction on 'insect'. The study subjects are composed of 400 average and 155 gifted-in-science elementary school students. The major results are as follows: a degree of the scientific concepts of the gifted students was much higher than that of the average students, especially in 11 items. The reasons of the wrong answers are classified into hasty generalizations by wrong deduction and intuitive idea. On the other hand, the proportion of wrong answers of female students was higher than that of male students, especially in 8 items. As the possible explanation for the difference, female students may dislike and creepy on 'insects' compared to male students. Another possibility is that the difference may be appeared due to the lack of experience on 'insects' in nature. The proportion of the scientific concepts of the 6th grade students was higher than that of the 5th grade students, especially in 4 items, suggesting that there were differences in learning experience. To correct the misconceptions on 'insects', therefore, it is necessary to develop various teaching-learning materials to induce the cognition conflicts.

초등학생들의 곤충에 대한 개념 인지도 및 오개념 형성 원인 분석

이정애,홍승호 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2008 교과교육학연구 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 초등학교 과학과 생명영역의 ‘곤충’에 관한 초등학생들의 개념 인지도와 오개념 형성원인을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 ‘곤충’과 관련된 단원에서 개념을 추출하여 검사 도구로 이용하였으며, 설문 조사는 초등학교 5~6학년 400명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 설문 조사 결과 18개 문항 중6개 문항에서 40% 이상의 높은 오답율을 보였다. 이러한 곤충의 오개념에 대한 형성 요인으로는 내적 요인 중 미숙한 인지발달, 성급한 일반화, 잘못된 유추 과정, 직관적 사고 등에 의한 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 외적 요인으로는 자연현상에 대한 경험이나 문화적 경험의 부족, 언어의 모호성, 교과서 등 복합적으로 작용하여 형성된 것으로 판단된다. 성별 간 개념의 인지도는 여학생들이 남학생들에 비해 오답율이 높게 나타났다. 그 까닭은 대다수의 여학생들이 남학생들보다 곤충을 징그러워하거나 무서워하는 경향이 높아 그와 관련된 개념 습득에도 어려움이 있는 것으로 해석된다. 도시학생과 농촌학생 간의 답변 빈도에 있어서는 5개의 문항에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 곤충에 대한 지식을 도시학생들은 주로 서적, 농촌학생들은 주로 생활 주변의 경험을 통해서 얻고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 최근의 우리 생활이 서구화가 급속도로 이루어진 만큼 도시나 인터넷 문화에 적응되면서 자연환경에서의 학습이 과거보다 덜 이루어지고 있는 것이 사실이다. 따라서 ‘곤충’에 대한 오개념을 교정하기 위해서는 현장학습을 통하여 실제의 관찰이 무엇보다도 필요하다고 보며,교실에서도 올바른 과학적 개념 정립을 위하여 구성주의나 개념변화 학습모형 등을 적용하여 학생들에게 적절한 갈등유발을 유도할 수 있도록 힘써야 할 것이다. The purposes of this study were to investigate the misconception proportion and the reasons on 'insects' in the elementary school students. The study subjects were composed of 400 average students of urban and rural in Jeju province. A questionnaire was made of 18 test questions for examination of concepts in 'insects'. The data obtained in this study were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. The major results were as follows: The cognitive proportion on 'insects' was low, especially in 6 questions. The reasons of the misconceptions in this study were classified into an immature cognitive factors, a misapprehension of consciousness, hasty decision and deduction, the wrong analogical inference, mass communications (TV or internet), experimental difference in nature and culture, vagueness of the language, and textbook. On the other hand, the misconception proportion of female students was higher than that of male students in 6 questions. As the possible explanation for the difference of the misconception proportion, female students are due to dislike and creepy on 'insects' compared to male students. Another possibility is that these differences can be influenced by the difference of experiment in nature on 'insects'. In comparison of concepts between rural and urban students, there were similar to each other. To correct the misconceptions on 'insects', therefore, it needs to do inquiry activities, explanation of various examples, discussion activities through small groups, induction of complications for conceptual change learning, and so on. Data from this study may help teachers carrying out education for elementary students to reconsider their conceptions on 'insects'.

청소년 볼링 선수들의 경기 대처 기술요인 분석

이영애,유승준,이용식,신철호,현승권 한국학교체육학회 2002 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 청소년 볼링 선수들의 경기 대처 기술 요인의 구조를 밝히는 것으로 이를 바탕으로 볼링선수들의 성공적인 수행을 예상하여 경기력을 향상 시키는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적에 맞추어 본 연구는 우수선수와 비 우수선수의 심리적 기술 요인을 측정하기 위하여 Smith, Schutz, Smoll, Ptacek(1995)에 의해 개발된 선수들의 대처기술(ACSI-25: the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28)척도를 국내 실정에 맞게 번안하여 심리측정적 타당도를 검증한 후 사용하였다. 각 요인별 타당도와 신뢰도를 화보하기 위하여 요인분석을 실시한 결과 16문항 6요인으로 분류되었으며, 분류된 6개의 심리기술 요인을 성취욕구, 걱정, 코칭능력, 목표설정, 역경대처, 집중력으로 명명하였다. 이 후 각각의 배경변인(성별, 우수여부, 학년)에 따른 각 요인별로 three-way MANOVA분석 결과 6개 요인에 대한 배경변인의 차이는 발견되지 않았다. This study aims to provide information on how to improve bowlers capacity by examining amateur bowlers athletic coping skill factors. A test paper on the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28(ACSI-28) developed by Smith, Schutz, Smoll, and Ptacek(1995) is used in order to measure the athletic coping skill factors of excellent as well as mediocre players. This paper is adapted for the domestic situation, with its appropriateness for measuring the bowlers mental state verified. Crombach's α result is used in classifying 16 questions and 6 factors, with factor analysis done in order to secure the appropriateness and credibility by each factor The six factors are: accomplishment desire, worry, coaching ability, goal setting, coping with adversity, and concentration, A statistic analysis is then conducted according to environmental variables such as sex, excellence, and grade. Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are derived: The factor analysis reveals six athletic coping skill factors of bowlers, e,g,, accomplishment desire, worry, coaching ability, goal setting, coping with adversity, and concentration. A three-way MANOVA analysis per three environment variables (sex, grades, and excellency) for the six athletic coping skill factors (accomplishment desire, worry, coaching ability, goal setting, coping with adversity, and concentration) reveals that environment variables do not cause any difference in the psychological technique factors of bowlers. In order to verify the effect of a bowlers maturity on the six athletic coping skill factors (accomplishment desire, worry, coaching ability, goal setting coping with adversity, and concentration), multiple regression analysis is done with a multi-step method, using predicative variables and athletic coping skill factors as reference variables. The result shows that the bowlers level of maturity is evident in goal setting and coping with adversity.

PCR 기법을 이용한 한국재래산양 β-casein 유전자의 특성

김지애,류승희,유성란,이준헌,서길웅,김선균,상병찬 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 한국 재래 산양 112두와 유산양인 Saanen종 7두의 혈액으로부터 genomic DNA를 추출하고, PCR-RFLP 방법에 의해 β-casein 유전자의 특성을 분석하여 한국재래산양의 효율적인 유전자원의 보전 및 개량을 위한 기초 자료로 제공하고자 실시하였다. 한국재래산양의 genomic DNA로부터 PCR기법을 이용하여 β-casein의 유전자좌를 증폭한 결과 각각 481bp 크기의 단편이 양호하게 증폭되었음을 확인하였다. β-casein 유전자좌의 증폭산물에 대한 Bal Ⅰ의 제한효소를 처리한 결과, β-casein AB형은 481bp, 284bp 및 197bp의 단편을, 그리고 BB형은 284BP와 197BP의 단편을 한국재래산양과 유산양인 Saanen 종에서 확인 할 수 있었다, 유전자형 빈도에 있어서는 한국재래산양에서 β-casein AB 및 BB의 빈도는 각각 6.25 및 93.75%이었고, 유산양인 Saanen 종은 각각 57.14 및 42.86%이었다. 유전자빈도에 있어서는 한국재래산양의 β-casein A 및 B의 빈도가 각각 0.031 및 0.969이었고, Saanen 종에서는 각각 0.286 및 0.714의 빈도를 보였다 한국재래산양의 β-casein 유전자의 염기서열과 이미 보고되어 있는 goat의 염기서열(GeneBank accession Number M90556)간에는 총 11개의 염기서열에 차이를 나타내어 97.71%의 상동성을 보였다, 따라서 한국재래산양의 β-casein 유전자의 다형성과 염기서열 분석에 의한 분자유전학적 특성의 규명은 한국재래산양의 유전자원의 보전 및 개량을 위한 기초 및 응용 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study was performed to provide the basic data for preservation and improvement of genetic resources according to finding genetic construction obtained from analysis of genetic characteristics of β-casein gene in Korean Native goat and Saanen using the PCR-RFLP. This study confirmed the amplified products of 481bp fragments obtained from the amplification of β-casein loci by PCR. The β-casein AB genotype showed 481, 284 and 197bp, and β-casein BB genotype showed 284 and 197bp fragments in Korean Native goat and Saanen. The frequencies of β-casein genotype in Korean Native goat were 6.25 and 93.75% for AA and AB and the frequencies of β-casein genotype in Saanen were 57.14 and 42.86% for AA and AB types. The frequencies of β-casein A and B alleles were 0.031 and 0.969 in Korean Native goat and the frequencies of β-casein A and B alleles are 0.286 and 0.714 in Saanen, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of β-casein gene of Korean Native goat was 97.71% higher homology with 11 nucleotide sequences difference of that of goat reported in GeneBank (M90556). Therefore, this study of molecular genetic characteristics by the analysis of genetic polymorphism and sequencing for β-casein gene should be used as basic and applying data for preservation and improvement of genetic resources in Korean Native goat breeding.

마약길항제의 방출 제어형 제제 (제1보) : 생체분해성 polyphosphazenes의 합성과 나록손 이식제제의 제조 및 용출특성 Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyphosphazenes and Preparation and Release Characteristics of Naloxone Implant

박주애,이승진,김형국,김길수 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1995 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.5

For the administration of narcotic antagonist with short half-life and low patient compliance. the sustained release system using biodegradable matrix is effective. Polyphosphazenes are of considerable interest as biodegradable matrix systems for controlled release of drugs. In this study. biodegradable polyphosphazenes available for the sustained release implantable device were synthesized. and their application was examined. Poly〔dichlorophosphazene〕 was synthesized by solution polymerization method and confirmed with IR spectrum. Poly〔bis(ethyl glycinate) phosphazene〕 and poly[(diethyl glutamate)-co-(ethyl glycinate)phosphazene] were then produced by substitution of amino acid alkyl esters for chloride side groups. Using these polymers. the implantable devices of 1 ㎜ thickness and l0 × 10 ㎜ size containing naloxone hydrochloride were prepared and their release and degradation profiles were measured. In the case of poly〔bis(ethyl glycinate)phosphazene〕 with swelling characteristics, degradation rate was slower than the release rate, showing that the release rate is partly dependent on the swelling rate. In contrast, the degradation rate of poly〔(diethyl glutamate)-co-(ethyl glycinate)phos-phazene〕 matrix was identical with release rate of naloxone hydrochloride. On the basis of these results, it is expected that these polymers can be applied to sustained release implantable systems delivering narcotic antagonist.

남창천과 삼향천에 분포한 주요 수생식물의 수질정화능

임병선,이점숙,조승원,양효식,김명화,곽애경 木浦大學校 沿岸環境硏究所 1995 沿岸環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

The nutrient removal-capacity of four major dominant species distributed in Namchang-chon polluted with livestock wastewater and Samhyang-chon polluted with industrial and domestic wastewater were investigated. Water qualities and soil properties of three polluted sites were a quite different in concentration of nitrogen, SS and Ga. Dominant species in livestock wasetewater were Persicaria thunbergii, Zizania latiforia, Phragmites communis and Oenanthe japanica, those in industrial and domestic were Phragmites communis. Changes of NO₃-N, NH₄-N and P concentrations of culture solution are high in cultivor of Zizania latiforia and Oenanthe japanica. All four species removed NO₃-N most effectively. In experiment used directely polluted water from three areas ; all species from livestock wasetewater uptaked NO₃-N effectively. Phragmites communis from domestic, and Persicaria thunbergii and Oenanthe japanica from industrial and domestic wasetewater removed NH₄-N effectively. All species cultured in industrial waserewater removed P well, and Phragmites communis and Persicaria thunbergii cultured in domestic wastewater removed it moderately.

소아 요로감염 환자에서 분리된 Extended-spectrum β-lactamase 생성 Escherichia coli의 위험인자 분석

문희원,이미애,이승주 대한임상미샐물학회 2003 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.6 No.2

마약길항제의 방출 제어형 제제 (제2보) : 나록손 이식제제의 생체적합성 및 약물속도론적 평가 Biocompatibility and Pharmacokinetics of Naloxone Implant

문미란,박주애,이승진,김형국,김길수 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1995 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.5

For the effective administration of narcotic antagonist, the application of sustained release implantable systems with biodegradable polyphosphazene was examined. Using poly[(diethyl glutamate)-co-(ethyl glycinate) phosphazene]. the implantable devices containing naloxone hydrochloride were prepared and in vivo implantation studies were carried out subcutaneously in rat and rabbit with this preparation for the biocompatibility and pharmacokinetics. The histological finding in rats at initial time period was the inflammation that occurred focally around the implants, but they were showed subsequent mild and limited chronic inflammations and the irreversible changes such as necrosis and degeneration of the muscle or connective tissues were not observed. Therefore the placebo and naloxone implants are considered to be biocompatible formulations histologically. In pharmacokinetic studies, the release of naloxone from the naloxone implants into blood plasma was maintained in 192 hours, but the initial burst effect was observed. If this problem was solved, the application for the narcotic antagonist sustained release systems can be expected.

하루 콩단백질 25g 섭취를 위한 메뉴작성 및 영양성분 분석

한재숙,김정애,서봉순,이연정,서향순,조연숙,한경필,이신정,오옥희,우경자,조은자,구성자,김수진,李承彦,南出隆久 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop menus for daily intake of 25g soybean protein and to analyse nutrients of these foods. Analytical values were compared to the theoretical one using the food composition table and recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (7th revision). The results are as follows. 1. Soybean curd residue stew, Soybean curd, Kimchi saute, and hard boiled soybean and lotus root were selected for the menu for January, of which the content of soy bean protein(SBP) was 33.1g, soybean stew, soybean curd and soybean sprout saute, and Italian deep fried soybean curd were for February, of which the content of SBP was 35.0g. The content of SBP in soybean paste soup with soybean curd, fried soybean curd and fried soybean curd roll, the menu for March, was 24.9g. That of April were soybean curd gratin with soymilk, soybean curd and ham with garlic dressing and the content of SBP was 26.3g. That of May were soybean porridge, soybean flour cake with honey (Dasik), soybean sprout soup and the content of SBP was 26.7g. That of June were soymilk, pan-fried soybean curd, steamed soybean curd with chicken and the content of SBP was 28.4g. That of July were noodle with soymilk, mapatofu, soybean curd salad and the content of SBP was 24.7g. That of August were soybean sprout with mustard dressing, Tossed green pepper with raw soybean flour, Tofu and Kimchi stew, soybean curd steak and the content of SBP was 26.2g. That of September were Chinese cabbage soup with raw soybean flour, sweet and sour tofu and the content of SBP was 23.2g. That of Oct. were Fermented soybean stew, soybean pan cake and the content of SBP was 24.3g. That of November were not-pressed soybean curd casserole, pan-fried mashed soybean curd with egg, stir frying deep-fried soybean curd with vegetables and the content of SBP was 22.4g. That of December were soybean curd and mushroom casserole, fried soybean curd and vegetables, hard boiled soybean curd and the content of SBP was 28.9g. 2. The ratio of the analytical value over theoretical value (A/B%) of one serving in kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber were 57.7~107.7%, 42.9~131.9%, 79.2~118.3%, 54.5~100%, 40.7~80.8% and 42.1~113.2%, respectively. 3. The ratio of A/B% of one serving in Ca, K, Na, P and Fe were 44.1~93.6%, 59.0~153.1%, 53.1~117.7% 64.6%~138.8 and 33.8~77.3%, respectively. That in Fe was the lowest among minerals. 4. The ratio of analytical value over Korean R.D.A(A/C%) in Ca was relatively higher (22.0~85.9%) than that in kcal(18~63%). 5. The ratio of A/C% in Fe was 25.1~64.3% and lower than that in Ca and protein in general.

소아에서의 급성 파종성 뇌척수염의 임상적 고찰

조수진,박은애,유은선,김혜순,손세정,서정완,이승주,한후재 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

목적: 급성 파종성 뇌척수염은 감염이나 예방 접종 후 발생하는 중추 신경계의 급성 자가 면역 염증성 질환으로 탈수초를 일으킨다. 신경학적인 증상으로 발현되고 대부분 환전히 회복되지만 신경학적 후유증을 남기거나 사망 할 수도 있다. 이에 저자들은 본원에서 발생 한 14명을 분석하여 조기 진단과 치료에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 1998년 3월부터 2003년 8월까지 이대목동병원에서 급성 파종성 뇌척수염으로 진단 받은 14명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 환자들의 평균 발생 연령은 5±7.8개월이였고, 특정계절이나 연도에 집중되어서 나타나지는 않았다. 선행질환은 주로 비특이적인 상기도 감염이 가장 많았고, 초기증상으로는 경련이 가장 많았다. 그 외에 의식저하나 운동장애도 있었다. 뇌척수액 검사에서 백혈구 증가증이 발견된 경우는 있었으나 단백이 증가된 경우는 없었다. 뇌 자기공명 촬영에서 T2 증강시 뇌백질과 기저핵에 고음영의 다발성 병소가 발견되었고 추적 촬영에서 대부분에서 소실되었다. 뇌파 검사가 시행되었던 경우 전반적인 서파가 가장 많았고 국소적인 극파가 나온 경우도 한 명 있었다. 환자들은 정맥 면역 글로블린과 메틸프레드니졸론으로 치료하였고 치료 시작 후 3~7일내 증상이 호전되었다. 모든 환자를 2달 이상 추적 관찰하였고 항경련제가 지속적으로 필요한 정도의 경련성 질환이 두 명, 신경아교증이 남아잇는 경우가 한 명, 외래에서 다발성 경화증이 의심되는 경우가 한 명 있었다. 결론: 급성 파종성 뇌척수염은 침범 부위에 따라서 다양한 임상 상으로 나타나며 면역 글로블린과 메틸프레드니졸론이 치료에 효과적이였다. 본 연구에서는 대상 환자수가 적어 신경학적 후유증의 위험요소는 밝힐 수는 없으나, 예후는 검사소견과 연관되어 있지는 않았고, 대부분에서 양호하여 완전히 회복되었으나, 신경학적 후유증이 남은 경우도 있었다. Objective:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM) is an acute demyelinating autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which develops after infection of vaccination. It may be fatal, and produce a permanent residual static disability or fully recover. We retrospec-tively studied 14 cases to investigate the clinical findings and outcome of ADEM. Methods : 14cases of ADEM diagnosed at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from 1998 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The age of onset was 5years±7.8 months and no seasonal clustering was found. The time of onset of symptoms was between 3 to 30 days. The preceding events were nonspecific upper respiratory infections in 9 cases, aseptic meningitis in 4 cases, and gastroenteritis in one case..The initial symptoms were seizure, altered consciousness, hemiparesis, fever, headache, and vomiting. Brain MRI showed multifocal high signal intensity lesions on T2 weighted image mainly in the cerebral whith matter, basal ganglia and periventricular white matter. EEG was performed in some cases and showed generalized or focal slow waves and only one case showed focal spikes. Patients were treated with IV globulin and methylprednisolone and the symptoms improved within 3-7 days after treatment. All patients were followed up for more than 2 months and most of them fully recovered except two. Conclusion : ADEM presents in various clinical manifestations depending on its involvement of the brain lesions. Most cases recovered fully but in some cases, residual permanent neurologic sequelae remained.