정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

미드의 白我理論과 社會科敎育

韓相旭 순천대학교 사회과학연구소 1989 社會科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The goal of social studies is to develop the democratic citizenship of the students. And that democratic citizenship means the self of the person in a democracy. So, the goal of social studies is to make students take the role of the generatized other. According to Mead, the self arises from the social organization to which it belongs, while the social organization reflects the self. The self is not initially there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, develops in the given individual as a result of his relations to that process as a whole and to other individuals within that process. A person is a personality because he belongs to a community, because he takes over the institutions of that community into his own conduct. He takes its language as a medium by which he gets his personality, and then through a process of taking the different roles that all the others furnish he comes to get the attitude of the members of the community. He continually takes the attitudes of the others about him, especially the roles of those who in some sense control him and on whom he depends. Such Mead's Theory of self implies very important points to the social studies education. First, the teacher should make the students know that he really expects the students to be democratic and moral beings, because the students take the attitude of the teacher on whom they depend. Second, the students should continually be asked to put themselves in the place of the generalized other, because the only way to learn to take the attitude of the other is to engage in taking that of the other. Only this approach in social studies education will affect the citizenship and the self of the students.

한국 재래 산양에서 Leptospira spp.에 대한 혈청역학적 연구

한동운,권용국,문진산,윤소라,위성환,장환,탁동섭,이태욱,강문일 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Between January 1999 and September 2001, 948 sera (120 from each province except 108 from Chungbuk) from 8 provinces were sampled from Korean goats. All the samples were serologically tested for Leptospira spp. By the microscopic agglutination test against four L. interrogans serovars including canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona and hardjo, 948 Korean goats were confirmed as 11 seropositives (1.2%) only infected with L. icterohemorrhagiae. All positive sera were collected from Gyeonggi (5), Gangwon (4) and Chungbuk (2). Titration of them were classified as 1:100 of 10 sera except one case with 1:200 from Gyeonggi. It was meaningful that the pathogen in Korean goats was mainly distributed in the northen part of the country. Consequently, the results in the study were confirmed and analyzed the recent status of infection of leptospirosisas zoonotic agentsome in Korean goats.

플라즈마 반응기에서 전극의 배열에 따른 탈질반응의 변화

한영욱,이상권 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 2003 環境科學論文集 Vol.24 No.-

플라즈마를 이용한 배연탈황/탈질 동시처리에 관한 많은 연구들이 전기에너지나 첨가제가 SO_2/NOX의 제거효율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 수행되어 왔다. 이러한 연구결과들에 의하면, 플라즈마가 SO_2의 제거에는 커다란 영향을 주지 못하지만, NOX의 제거에는 인가되는 전기에너지에 따라 탈질율이 변화하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반응기에 최적의 에너지를 인가하는 방법을 조사하기 위하여 전극 배열에 따른 탈질율의 변화를 확인하기 위한 실험을 수행하였고, 상세한 실험결과는 본문 중에 제시되었다. 본 실험결과, 플라스마를 이용한 배연탈황/탈질의 효율적인 동시처리를 위해서는 방전극의 구조 및 그 영향에 대한 연구, 특히 에너지 소모량을 최소화하는 방전극의 최적화에 대한 연구의 필요성을 암시하고 있다. Many experimental studies on the combined removal of SO_2 and NOX using plasma for the flue gas desulfurization and denitrification have been performed in order to investigate the effect of electric power or additives on the SO_2/NOX removal. The results showed the plasma was not effective on the removal of SO_2, but the change of NOX removal rate by the electric power has been observed. Therefore, this study has been performed to examine the optimized electric power. The effect of arrangement of electrode on th electricity density has been examined to observe the transfer of electric energy, and then the effect of electricity density on the NOX removal has been experimentally observed. The experimental results were discussed in this paper. The results obtained from the experiments suggested the necessity of further study on the structure of discharging electrode and its effect, and the development of the optimized electrode to minimize the energy consumption.

근관장 측정시 구내 디지털 방사선 시스템인 Digora System의 정확도에 관한 연구

한상욱,홍찬의,조용범 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.1

이중관 기포탑에서의 비뉴튼류의 기-액간 물질이동

한승환,김상렬,최재욱,최일곤 東亞大學校 1991 東亞論叢 Vol.28 No.1

The effect of draught tube dimension, properties of CMC aqueous solution and gas velocity on the gas holdup, ??, and the volumetric liquidphase masstransfer coefficient, ??, in a bubble column with draught tube were measured in highly viscous-pseudo plastic carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution. The results were as follows : 1. ?? and ?? increase with increasing gas velocity and decrease with increasing concentration of CMC aqueous solution. 2. ?? and ?? increase with being enlarged diameter ratio of draught tube but specially ?? decreases to some degree in the CMC concentration of 0.05∼0.7wt%. 3. Correlations among various parameters having an influence on ?? and ?? were expressed by Eq. (16) and Eq. (17), respectively. ??

경북 지역의 지하수 수질에 관한 연구 2 : 깊이에 따른 지하수의 상태에 관한 연구 Study on he State of Ground Water by the Depth

한성욱,김복조,이길준 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.1(B)

We investigated the contamination of ground water in Kyungbuk region about 87 points by the depth. The obtained results were as follows; 1. It was showed that nitrate nitrogen is highest and Cl^- is lowest for life used. 2. It was showed that nitrate nitrogen concentration is high in adjacent region of nightsoil treatment plant, COD is high in specific waste landfill and electric conductivity is high in golf field. 3. It showed that the relationship between depth and pH and nitrate nitrogen is good. pH is increased and nitrate nitrogen is decreased according to the depth.

한국산 구기자, 오미자, 갈근, 두충차 음료의 중금속 흡착율

한성희,신미경,김용욱 동아시아식생활학회 1999 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.9 No.3

The heavy metal removability of four kinds of tea was investigated in the various conditions: particle size of tea(10, 35, 70, 100 mesh), concentration of heavy metal(25. 50, 100ppm) and extraction temperature(30, 50. 70, 100℃). The removabilities by the tea solids were increased as the particle size decreased, concentration of heavy metal increased, and extracting temperature increased. Of the four kinds of tea Pb, Cd and Cu removability by Eucommia ulmoides Oliv tea was the highest. In addition, heavy metal removability by Schizandra chinensis Baillon tea was better than that of other tea as extraction temperature was increased.

CuBr 반도체 양자구슬의 PSHB 현상

한성준,박성욱,김일곤 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1999 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.-

We fabricated the CuBr semiconductor quantum dots(Q.D) embedded in the alumino-borosilicate glass. The average radius of Q.D was about 20Å. By measuring the absorption spectrum of glasses with CuBr, we could determine the precipitation of QD. PSHB spectrum was measured by the pump-probe method. According to the increasing of the fluence of pump light. the depth and width of the spectral hole was monotonically increased and saturated. The depth of spectral hole was decreased with the time as the function of the square of exponent.

양질의 수돗물 공급방안에 관한 연구

한성욱,김동일,문성덕 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.2 No.1

The drinking water system has enabled us to provide a requested amount of water by a single water pipe wherever and whenever necessary, and it brings a lot of benefits to the people as well as the community concerned. The drinking water system is managed in principle, by water charge as the price of benefits brought by the system. The benefits are quite different according to the purpose of water use. Therefore, if the drinking water system can not bring various kinds of benefits to the people and community at the same time, its significance as a social infrastructure may be diminished.