리네졸리드와 반코마이신을 교대로 투여하여 치료한 지속성 메티실린 내성 황색포도알균 균혈증 1예

김낙현,김문석,장은선,강유민,김가연,장희창,박완범,김의종,김남중,오명돈 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.6

Persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is frequently defined as bacteremia persisting for ≥7 days despite proper antibiotic therapy. Its treatment includes removal of all infection foci and proper antibiotic therapy. Vancomycin remains the antibiotic of choice in MRSA bacteremia. Alternative agents, linezolid or daptomycin, are available, but a consensus regarding management of persistent MRSA bacteremia on vancomycin failure is still lacking. We report a case of a 60-year-old male who received thoracoabdominal aorta replacement operation due to dissecting aneurysm of the ascending and descending aorta. Surgical site infection and bacteremia caused by MRSA occured, and wound debridement operations were performed. The patient was treated with vancomycin in therapeutic doses but MRSA bacteremia persisted for 168 days in a row. Although the inserted aortic graft was the most probable source of persistent bacteremia, surgical removal was impossible. Linezolid was administered as an alternative antibiotic but had to be discontinued from time to time due to thrombocytopenia induced by this agent. In the end, MRSA bacteremia was successfully managed by alternating vancomycin-linezolid therapy.

만성 승모판 패쇄부전증 환자에서의 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기 투여 효과

김대희,이명묵,이해영,조현재,박승정,서재빈,서정원,양한모,윤창환,조상호,이준희,김용진,김명아,손대원,오병희,박영배 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성

송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.

뷔히너의 『렌츠』연구 : 현실비판적 요소를 중심으로

김명희 한국뷔히너학회 2003 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.20 No.-

In dieser Arbeit wird versucht, den Realita˝tskritik in Bu¨chners Erza¨hlung Lenz aufzuzeigen. Bu¨chner hat sich trotz seiner Ta¨tigkeit in verschiedenen Bereichen bis zu seinem Tod mit der oziohistorischen Realita¨t seiner Zeit auseinandergesetzt. Er hat sich auch in seinen dichterischen Werken mit sozialen Problemen bescha¨ftigt. Das soziales BewuBtsein, das zu den hervorragendsten Motiven in Bu¨chners literarischen Texten geho¨rt, wird auch in Lenz auf dichterische Weise gestaltet. An drei Stellen weicht die Erza¨hlung von Bu¨chner beruht, ab: Im Kunstgespra¨ch, in den Szenen mit religio¨sem Inhalt und in der Krankheitsdarstellung. An diesen Stellen werden die drei Motive ausgedru¨ckt; Wahnsinn, Religion und Kunst. Bu¨chner hat aber nicht diese Motive selbst, sondern in Bezug auf die reale Welt dieselben dargestellt und Realita¨t kritisiert. Lenz fu¨hlt sich entifremdet unter der Gesellschaft, in der die pedantische Religionsanschaung und die zweckorientierten Werten herrschen, die Oberlin und Lenz' Vater repra¨sentieren. Der Wahnsinn von Lenz ist eine Folge der psychologischen Reaktion auf die zweckorientierte Gesellschaft, zu der er im Gegensatz steht. Seine Schizophrenie ist auf die zersto¨rte Subjekt-Objekt Relaion und das Erkennen von Widerspru¨chlichkeit der realen Welt zuru¨ckzufu¨hren. Lenzens Krankheit ist auch ein Ausdruck seiner Machtlosigkeit, die Gesellschaftsproblemen seiner Zeit nicht lo¨sen zu ko¨nnen. Daraus folgt, daB Lenz und Bu¨chner eine Gemeinsamkeit darin haben, daB die Beide die widerspru¨chliche Zustand von Gesellschaft erkennen, den Widerstand leisten und daran gescheitert sind. Kunst-Motiv wird in der 'Kunstgespra¨ch' ausgedru¨ckt. 'Kunstgespra¨ch' rkla¨rt kein Prinzip der Kunst selbst als ein eigensta¨ndiger Bereich, sondern die Beziehungen von Kunst und Wirklichkeit. Lenz behauptet, daB ein Kunst aus der konkreten Lebenspraxis entsteht und der Gegenstand von kunst auch dieselbe ist. ln Lenz daher handelt es sich in der Form der Kunst um die Situation der Wirklichkeit. Lenz ist ein Theologe, aber kein religio¨ser Mensch, dessen lebensverhalten sich vollig am Religionsprinzip orientiert, und der sich dadurch verbessert. Bei Lenz wird eine Religion als ein Instrument, die Schmerzen der menschen zu beseitigen, angesehen. Also die Religion, die Wirklichkeit zu verkla¨ren und Realita¨tsproblemen nicht erlo¨sen zu ko¨nnen, bewertet sich nicht. Lenz u¨berzeugt sich davon, daB die wichtigste Funktion von Religion in der Beseitigung der Widerspru¨chlichkeit von Realita¨t besteht. Sein Unterstu¨tzen auf Religion bedeutet daher ein Widerstand gegen die elende Zustand der Wirklichkeit und eine Kritik auf die widerspruchsvolle Welt. Kurz gesagt, es geht Lenz nicht um die Krankheit, Kunst und Religion selber, sondern im ihre Beziehung zur realen Welt. Dadurch kritisiert Lenz die widerspru¨chliche Wirklichkeit seiner Zeit. Also spigelt auch das Werk Lenq das rein als ein poetisches Kunstwerk angesehen wird, das soziales BewuBtsein von Bu¨chner wider.

唐中葉의 政治와 白居易·원진의 입장

金明姬 호남대학교 2000 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.21 No.1

Yuan Chen(원진:779-831 ) and Po Chu-i(白居易:772-846) were close friends throughout their political career. Even though they shared the literary limelight together, it is well known that Yuan Chen has been overshadowed by his friend Po Chu-i in politics as well as in literary fame. Still both Po Chu-i and Yuan Chen are known to be the best poets who wrote a quantity of poems lamenting upon the shadowy side of society and the life of high officials in mid-T'ang dynasty. Yuan Chen was a descendant of the imperial house of the Toba-Wei(拓跋魏:386-552) that ruled North China during the Southern and Northern dynasties. Po Chu-i was a descendant of a hereditary ruling class and was born at the House of his grandfather Po Huang, in a small town(新鄭縣) in the part of Honan(河南省) that lies just south of the Yellow River. After the An-Shih Rebellion the political disorder in T'ang imperial court became more complicated, and at the Same time North-Eastern part of China was in revolt against the T'ang government. In 782 four local commanders set up independent administrations and took the title of 'king' . The bureaucrats in the court were divided in their views regarding the policies of the central government toward the military power in outlying districts. Factions at court, divided politically and by sociaI origin, became so strong that the entire administration was threatened. The emperor Hsien-tsung (憲宗:r.806-820) became an emperor with a help of eunuchs and military backing and by him the Yuan-ho(元和) era was inaugurated in 806. Under his own administration, new cliques formed around the aristocratic scholar-officials of the traditional hereditary ruling class on the one side, and newcomers on the other. The latter, as a rule, were young intellectuals, who became officials through government examinations and show sympathies to the common people. It is to this new faction that po Chu-i and Yuan Chen seems to have belonged, although by lineage they were differ from each other. The so-called ' new faction' to which Po Chu-i and Yuan Chen belonged was led by Niu Seng-ju(牛僧孺:779-848) and Li Tsung-min(李宗閔:d.806), who represented the young intellectuals then rising to power through the examination system. The opposing faction was led by Li Te-yu(李德裕:787-850), son of the Chief Minister Li Chi-fu(李吉甫:758-812), who represented conservative elements with long ties of association to the imperial house and hereditary titles dating back to the founding the dynasty. The struggle for political power between these two factions, intensified by personal feuds among the party leaders, continued for almost fifty years, and weakened the bureaucratic structure upon which the empire rested and strengthened further the power of the eunuchs who had entrenched themselves in the central administration and armies. Under these unfortunate political circumstances both of their political career seems to be failed, because Po Chu-i had served as a quite high official in central government, still never as a minister and Yuan Chen served only very short term as a minister in central government. Also they both spent most of their time either as commissioner in province far out from the capital city of Ch'ang An(長安), or as a high officials in Lo-yang(洛陽).

항생제 사용과 관련된 Clostridium difficile 감염증

김홍빈,김남중,최희정,오명돈,김의종,최강원 대한화학요법학회 1997 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.15 No.1

목적 : Clostridium difficile 감염증은 중요한 원내 감염중의 하나로 최근 들어 항균제 사용의 증가와 함께 그 빈도가 늘어나고 있어 Clostridium difficile 감염의 빈도 및 임상양상을 알기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 102명의 정상 성인으로부터 대변에서 Clostridium difficile 배양을 시행하였으며, 92년 3월부터 93년 9월까지 서울대학교 병원에 입원한 환자중 대변배양 검사에서 Clostridium difficile이 배양된 61명의 환자를 대상으로 병록지를 토대로 조사하였다. 결과 : 정상 성인 중 3%에서 Clostridium difficile이 분리되었다. 대상환자의 기저 질환은 악성고형종양(29%), 혈액종양(6.5%), 뇌혈관 질환(6.5%), 간경변(4.9%) 등의 순이었으며, 대상 환자의 75%에서 균이 분리되기 6주 이내에 항균제가 사용되었다. 사용된 항균제는 aminoglycoside(60.8%), 1세대 cephalosporin(56.5%), 3 세대 cephalosporin(43.4%), ampicillin(15.2%), metronidazole(15.2%), clindamycin(8.6%)의 순이었다. 흔한 증상은 설사(77%), 복통(53.8%), 오심(37%), 빈맥(25%) 등이었며, 혈액 검사상 백혈구증가증은 21.6%, 저알부민혈증은 3.03%에서 관찰되었다. 44명의 환자중 24명의 환자가 대증적 치료 후 호전되었고, vancomycin이나 metronidazole을 투여받은 17명의 환자중 15명의 환자가 증상의 호전을 보였다. 4예가 사망하였으며, 3예(4.9%)는 재발하였다. 결론 : Clostridium difficile 장염은 항균제 사용시 흔히 발생하는 질환이다. 정상 성인의 3%에서 Clostridium difficile이 분리되었다. Objective : Clostridium difficile gastrointestinal disease is an important nosocomial infection and is associated with antibiotic use. This study evaluated the incidence and clinical characteristics of Clostridium difficile infections. Methods : Stool specimens from 102 normal adults were cultured for Clostridium difficile. Sixty-one patients with Clostridium difficile isolated from stool specimens were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were seen at the Seoul National University Hospital during the period from Mar., 1592 to Sep., 1993. Results : Clostridium difficile was isolated in 3% (3/102) of normal adult Population. Underlying diseases of the patients included solid tumor(29%), hematologic malignancy(6.5%), corebrovascular disease(6.5%), and liver cirrhosis(4.9%). Antibiotics associated with Clostridium difficile infections included aminoglycosides (60.8%), first generation cephalosporin(56.5%), third generation cephalosporin(43.4%), ampicillin(15.2%), metronidazole(15.2%), and clindamycin(8.6%). In 3/4 of the cases, these antibiotics had beer) administered within 6 weeks before Clostridium difficile isolated. Associated symptoms included diarrhea(77%), abdominal pain(53.8%), nausea(37%), fever(37.7%), and tachycardia(25%). Leukocytosis and hypealbuminemia were observed in 21.6% and 30.3%. Out of 44 cases received symptomatic treatment, 54% (24/44) improved. Of 17 cases treated with metronidazole or vancomycin, 88% (15/17) improved. Four cases expired and 3 cases(4.9%)were relapsed. Conclusion : Clostridium difficile gastroenteritis is frequently associated with antibiotic treatment. Three percent of normal adult population had Clostridium difficile.

서사체로서의 문학과 영화 : 프리쉬와 쉴렌도르프의 『호모 파버』비교

김명희 한국독일언어문학회 2004 독일언어문학 Vol.0 No.23

In dieser Arbit wde Frischs Roman 'Homo faberd mit Schlilndorffs Film 「Homo faber」verglichen. Walter Faber, der Protagonist in Frischs Roman, ist dw T ypus des rationalistischen Menschen des 20. Jahrhunderts, der sich mit Technik umgibt und der dieser Technik vertraut. Der Roman ist in zwei Stationen geglidert. Die erste Station berichtet von Fabers Notlandung bis zum Unfall und dem Tod seiner Tochter Sabeth und dem Wiedersehen mit Hanna. Ebenso enthat die erste Station Riickblenden, in denen Faber von seiner Jugendzejt erzat, von seinem Verh&nis zu Hanna und der Trennung von ihr. Die zweiten Station berichkt von der &it nach Sabeths Tod und besteht aus Aufieichnungen Fabers im Krankenhaus und seinem Tagebuch. Die zweiten Station steiellt eine Interpretation der ersten Station dar, In der zweiten Station versucht Faber zu einer Neuorientierung in Befllg auf seine Einstellung gegeniiber sich selbst, seinen Mitmenschen und der Natur zu kommen, Der Roman scheint ein Buch iiber die Liebe zu sein. Doch schon der Titel Homo faber venveist auf die anderen grol3en Thernen des Romans, Natur-Mensch-Technik, Identitlitsproblematik und Zeitkritik. Frisch hat im gescheiterten Leben Fakers diese Liebeshmdlung mit diesen Themen verbunden. Walter Faber berichtet und kommentiert als Ich-Erziihler riickblickend die Ereignisse der Vmgangenheit. Der sich erinnernde Ich-Erzfthler Faber ist als erlebendes Ich selbst Teil der erz2hIten Welt. Der Ich-Erzhler Faber gilt als subjektiv und unzuverlassig. Seine Subjektiviut schlw sich in der Auswahl und Anordnung der beichtekn Ereignisse nieder. Faber gibt die Geschehnisse nicht chronologisch wieder, Schlondorffs Film Homo faberJ beginnt mit Fabers Abschied von Hanna am Flughafen in Athen. Dime Szene kehrt am Ende des Films wieder. Dazwischen erlebt der Zuschauer in einer Rtickblende die Ereignisse chronologisch mit, die zur Begegnung Fabers nit seiner Tochter ftihrten, die EntwicMung ihrer Homo faberJ verglichen. Liebesgeschichte, den UnfaU Sabeths, ihren Tod und das Wiedersehen mit Hanna Die fragmentarische Erz2hlstrUktur des Romans wird zu einem weitgehend linearen Handlungsablauf gestrafft. Die Ereignisse nach Sabeths Tod, die in der zweiten Station des Romans geschildert werden, ebenso wie Fabers Krankheit und eigenes voraussehbares Ende, und vielen Reflexionen des Ich-Erz&lers werden im Film eliminiert. Im Film Schlondorffs insgesamt meldet sich die Stimme des Ich ErMers funfzehnmal zu Wort. Der Einsatz der ErzWerstimme, die als 'voice over' die Filmbilder begleitet, verweist deutlich auf die Ich-ErzWweise der likarischen Vorlage. Das 'voice over' Verfahren funktioniert als distanzierendes Element, als ein Instrument der Mittelbarkeit, das den Frotagonisten Faber eindeutig als Erzdder der Geschichte kennzeichnet. Der Einsatz der Erzahlerstimme erhoht die Affinittit des Films zur Vorlage. Doch die visuelle Gestaltung des Films entzieht sich der subjektiven Perspektive. Die Kamera ist nicht an Faber gebunden, sondern w N t sich ihre Blickrichtung quasi selbst. Die Filmszenen weichen somit von der subjektiven Perspektive der literarischen Vorlage ab und erreichen die Wirkung einer auktorialen ErzWhaltung. Die visuelle Ebene des Films verrnittelt dem ktrachter durch ihre auktoride Struktur eine objektive Realit&. Die Themen des Roman Frischs gehen verloren zwischen den 'voice over' Verfahren des Ich-Erzihlers und den distanzierten Bildem der auktonal gestalteten Visuellen Ebenen. Schlondorff hat aus Frischs zeitkritischer Technikertragbdie ein sentimentales Liebesdrama, ein gefdliges und konventionelles Erz&hlkino gemacht. Schlondorffs Film FHomo faber, verdeutlicht Mijglichkeiten und Grenzen der Literatur-verfihungen.

사회상의 반영으로서 『보이첵』의 등장인물

김명희 한국뷔히너학회 2004 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.22 No.-

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, die Personen in Woyzeck unter dem Aspekt der Zugehiirigkeit zu Gesellschaftsschichten zu analysieren. Die verschiedenen Personen, aus deren Konfrontation mit der Hauptperson die diversen Szenen hervorgehen, repriisentieren die wesentlichen sozialen Klassen. Den wirtschaftlichen Verhaltnissen in der Ubergangszeit vom Feudalismus zum Kapitalismus entsprach die Unterteilung der Bevtilkerungsklassen: Feudalklasse (Fiirsten * Adel - hohe Staats-beamte - Offiziere), Burgertum (Unternehmer - Finanzkreise * Intellektuelle) und Volk. Bilchner entwirft in Woyzeck das Bild der deutschen Gesellschaft, wie er sie in der Restaurationsperiode nach 18 15 sieht. Diese Gesellschaft basiert nach Bikhner in erster Linie auf dem Gegensatz zwischen den Armen und den Reichen. Die feudale und die biirgerliche Klasse stehen nach Btlchner als die Reichen der grossen Klasse des Volkes gegentiber. Hauptmann und Doctor sind die beiden Figuren, die gegeniiber Woyzeck als Reprgsentanten der Herrschenden auftreten. Hauptmann gehiirt zur 'abgelebten' feudalen Gesellschaft, deren Leben nur aus Versuchen besteht, 'sich die entsetzlichste Langweile zu vertreiben'. Beim Hauptmann, der Woyzeck ohne Mitleid als von Marie betrogenen Mann verspottet, zeigt sich 'die Menschenverachtung des Feudalismus'. Das Verhaltnis zwischen dem Hauptmann und Woyzeck ist feudalisch gefriigt. Woyzeck ist dem Hauptmann in der militiirischen Hierarchie untergeordnet. Der Doctor ist Repr%sentant des Burgertums. Dessen Gesellschafts-und Weltbild kann im Kern durch die Begriffe Rationahtiit, Konkurrenz und Vertrag gekennzeichnet werden. Der Doctor beherrscht Woyzeck, weil er einen Vertrag mit ihm abgeschlossen hat, der Woyzeck gegen Bezahlung dazu verpflichtet, an sich medizinische Experimente ausfiihren zu lassen. Zu den Armen zahlen neben Woyzeck sein Kamerad Andres und der Tambourmajor. Sozial gesehen, zeigt das Verhaltnis zwischen Woyzeck und Andres, dass die Armen beziehungslos nebeneinander leben, sich uber ihre Situation nicht verstiindigen und deshalb nicht zur Einsicht in ihre soziale Lage gelangen, ganz zu schweigen von gemeinsamen Versuchen, diese Lage zu verbessern. Die Personenkonstellation in Woyzeck ist in doppelter Hinsicht neu. Zum ersten Ma1 treten Angehorige der Unterklasse wie Woyzeck als Hauptfigur des tragischen Drama auf. Und in wesensgesetzlichen Zusammenhang damit ergibt sich ein zweites Neues: Nicht mehr der Standesgegensatz ist das tragisch- konstituierende Element. Auch nicht die Politik oder eine Idee, sondem es ist das Wirtschafiliche.

국내외 환경정책 및 기술동향 분석을 통한 친환경디자인의 접근체계 수립을 위한 연구

김경희,최명식 경희대학교 예술디자인연구원 2010 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.1

The changes in design paradigm in the 21st century has been altered into something which puts its importance upon governmental policies related to ecological designs, with the focus on eco-humanism for the mutual advancement of nature and commerce. For achieving those three eco-friendly management goals, there is a eco-friendly design direction. In this direction , we need to carry out Eco-friendly designing under eco-friendly management through eco-efficiency system operation which is for environmental sustainable development. Through realization of eco-friendly design access elements such as decreasing toxical substances, rising recycling possibility, increasing energy efficiency , decreasing material amount used and optimization of environmental emission, Executing elements of eco-friendly design will achieve our goals of eco-friendly management and design.