돈황 막고굴에 나타난 다보탑의 변천

조정식,김버들,조해현,김보람,Cho, Jeong-Sik,Kim, Bue-Dyel,Jo, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Bo-Ram 한국건축역사학회 2013 건축역사연구 Vol.22 No.5

This study aims to investigate the architectural characteristics of the Da-bo stupa by examining the correlation among architectural languages and by studying the features of its architectural components and transitional changes shown in Da-bo stupa line drawings in Dunhuang Mogao Grottes. The results are as follows. 1st, the Da-bo stupa of Dunhuang faithfully follows the sutra of lotus, and although the form changes, the fundamental essence of Bo-tap-yong-chul and two seated Buddhas provided by the Gyun-bo-tap-pum in the sutra of lotus is consistent. 2nd, the pagoda body can be periodically divided into parasol, stupa, and royal palace types. The parasol type has an incomplete tower body, which makes distinguishing each of its architectural components difficult. The stupa type appeared between the early (AD 618-712) and middle (AD 766-835) Tang dynasty. It combines the form of Indian stupa type and East Asian wood structural architecture. The royal palace type, which appeared between the peak period of the Tang (713-765) and Sung Dynasties, shows the standardized pattern of the Da-bo stupa described as two seated Buddhas and Bo-tap-yong-chul. 3rd, the use of a stylobate does not appear in the early construction of Da-bo stupa, only in the later period, in the form of high pillars. Forms include many Su-mi-jwah and three-way stairways and Dab-do, but as time passes, the forms are simplified to the form of high pillars. 4th, the purpose of early Da-bo stupa was to provide space for Da-bo-yu-rae of Gyun-bo-tap-pum; hence, it did not have sangryoon(the top part). However, after it was influenced by general pagodas, sangryoon was established. Toward the Tang Dynasty, sangryoon has come to emphasize the forms of boryoon(nine wheels) or dome. However, this form is eventually simplified to only retain bo-joo(the orb).

「『拙藁千百』 譯註」(7) : 권1「金文正公墓誌」의 분석을 중심으로

이진한(Lee, Jin-Han),김보광(Kim, Bo-Kwang),김규록(Kim, Kyu-Rok) 고려사학회 2014 한국사학보 Vol.- No.55

『졸고천백』은 2권으로 된 최해의 문집이다. 최해는 주로 고려에서 활동하다가 정치적으로 소외되어 크게 현달하지 못하고 40세 정도에 은퇴하였다. 그는 대신 이제현, 이곡, 최문도 등 당대 최고의 문인과 교유하였다. 이 논문에서는 『졸고천백』중 권1의 15번째 글인「김문정공의 묘지」라는 글의 특징을 살피고, 번역 및 주석의 작업을 하였다. 이 글은 고려후기의 인물인 김태현을 위한 묘지명이다. 1261년에 태어난 김태현은 1276년(충렬왕 2)에 과거 급제한 이래 1330년에 사망할때까지 거의 대부분의 시기를 관원으로 활동하였다. 이 시기에 고려는 충렬왕과 충선왕의 重祚, 충선왕의 활동 및 토번 유배, 입성책동 등 굵직굵직한 정치적 사건을 겪었다. 이러한 정치상황에 따라 그는 관직 경력 상의 부침을 겪었는데, 「김태현묘지명」에서 주목되는 몇 가지를 정리하면 아래와 같다. 1) 아버지인 김수에 대한 기록이 주목된다. 삼별초가 제주도로 들어가려 할 때 제주로 파견되어 이를 막으려다 전사하였다는 내용이 실려 있다. 2) 김태현이 1280년에 충렬왕이 직접 선발한 시험에 합격하여, ‘전시문생’이라 불리면서 충렬왕의 측근으로 활동했다. 3) 그래서 충선왕이 1298년에 즉위하였을 때 그가 면직되었다는 사실 등 여타 기록에서 찾을 수 없는 경력을 이 묘지명을 통해서 확인할 수 있었다. Cholgo Ch"onbaek is a two-volume anthology of Choi Hae. He mostly worked in Goryeo, then later became politically isolated and made an early retirement at around 40 without significant achievements. This study examined the characteristics of ‘the epitaph for Kim Tae-hyun,’ the 15th entry in the book, and translated and annotated the original text. Mr. Kim was born in 1261, passed the state examination in 1276, and served as a government official most of his life until his death in 1330. This was a politically turmoil period that saw the enthronement, dethronement, as well as reinstatement of King Chungryeol and King Chungseon, the exile of King Chungseon to the present-day Tibet (Tobun at the time), the Mongol intervention in the Goryeo territory. Amid these political unrest, Mr. Kim’s career fluctuated as well. Some of the events are recorded in the work, which cannot be found elsewhere: 1) His father Su Kim is mentioned, who was dispatched to Jeju Island and killed there while trying to keep Sambyeolcho(a special capital defense unit) from entering the island. 2) Mr. Kim passed a state test directly overseen by King Chungryeol in 1280, and worked as a close aide to the king with a title Jeonsi-munsaeng(king"s students). 3) He lost his post when King Chungseon was enthroned in 1298. 4) The record shows that in the early 1300s, the Yuan dynasty operated 11 stations between Gaepyung and Gamsukseong.

베체트병 환자에서 Azathioprine으로 유발된 급성 췌장염 1례

김기향,권민정,김동기,김애란,김윤정,박지훈,이영태,박보민,김동욱 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Although many drug are thought capable of initiating acute pancreatitis, following azathioprine administration represents the 5% incidence by far the highest recorded incidence to date. We report a 35-year-old male who developed acute pancreatitis in the course of treatment with azathioprine for Behcet's disease. He was admitted due to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever for 10 days. Serum amylase and lipase levels were 510U/L and 3702U/L respectively. The abdominal CT scan revealed diffuse enlargement of the pancreas. There was no history of alcohol use or gall bladder disease. We considered drugs, especially azathioprine, as the cause of acute pancreatitis. We diagnosed it as acute pancreatitis. The patient was treated conservatively with hydration and analgesics. The symptom subsided within four days. Five days later, azathioprine was resumed. And the patient complained of abdominal pain. The elevated levels of serum amylase and lipase confirmed the recurrence of pancreatitis. His symptom subsided when azathioprine intake the stopped, and the serum amylase and lipase levels returned to normal level within five days.

고려후기 주역 인식의 특성과 그 의미 : 白文寶를 중심으로

김보경 한국한문학회 2003 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.0 No.32

본고는 淡菴 白文寶(1903~1374) 周易 認識의 특성과 의미를 고찰함으로써 高麗時代 性理學의 한 면목을 고구하고자 시도되었다. 백문보의 주역 인식에는 宋代 象數易的 경향이 나타나고 있다. 그는 邵雍의 상수역 이론을 받아 들여 數를 제1의로 삼아 세계를 해석했다. 이것은 寓倬이 『程傳』을 연구·교수하고 元 制科 고시 과목에 朱子易과 함께 정신역이 포함되 있었으나, 그것이 확정적 지배력을 획득하지는 못했음을 반증하는 것이다. 한편으로는, 고려후기 元의 다기한 易學 조류를 감안하면 그의 상수역적 경향은 오히려 자연스러운 것으로 보인다. 백문보 주역 인식의 특성은 세 가지로 정리된다. 첫째, 그는 ‘一本萬殊’라는 개념을 제시하고 一本이 萬殊로 현상되는 것은 ‘此心’이 움직이고 그치는 것으로 해석했다. 이것은 이전의 문인들에게서는 좀처럼 찾아 보기 힘든, 거의 최초라고 할 만한, 세계의 본질과 생성에 대한 해석이다. 또한 일본만수는 자연과 인간, 주체와 객체가 하나의 상관하는 전체임을 함의한다. 이러한 전체로서의 세계를 가능하게 해주는 것을 一氣라고 보았다. 즉, 그는 氣를 본원자로 파악하고, 그 氣에는 天人의 조화와 합일의 근거를 찾고 있는 것이다. 둘째, 그는 이러한 一氣的 世界觀의 바탕 위에서 인간과 자연의 조웅과 합일경지를 추구했다. 인간과 자연은 美的 범주에서 끊임없이 상호 조웅을 이루며, 나아가 道德的 범주에서도 상호 융합하는 경지를 지향한다. 이 도덕적 융합의 경지가 바로 人道로써 天德에 합치하는 天人合一이다. 특히 『斥佛疏』는 성리학에 입각해 불교를 배척하는 글이거니와, 천인합일의 도덕 내용이 성리학으로 명백히 규정되고 있음이 주목된다. 셋째, 그의 주역 인식에서는 生成의 의지와 함께 變通의 논리가 적극적으로 강조되어 있다. 生成의 의지는 단순히 生物學的인 生에 그치지 않고 사회·역사적인 의미를 띠고 나타난다. 그는 邵雍의 元會運世說·皇帝玉覇說을 동원하고 檀君紀元說을 적용해 당시 고려가 변혁을 이룰 시기에 도달해 있다고 주장했다. 백문보 역시 인식에 나타난 數와 氣에 대한 강조, 一本萬殊에 입각한 세계 본질 및 생성에 대한 해석은 중대한 사상적 의미를 갖는다. 한편, 그가 주역에서 다시 고려 현실에 대응하는 논리를 끌어 내었던 점도 중요하게 지적될 수 있다. 차후 李穡 등 후배 문인들의 주역 인식을 고찰하는 작업이 이어진다면, 고려후기 사상 상황이 더욱 제 모습을 드러낼 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This thesis makes an attempt to consider the one aspects of Seongree-hak(性理學) in the latter period of Coryo by means of studying the traits and significance in the way Moon-Bo Baek(1303- 1374), a.k.a. Damam, perceived Jooyeok(周易). Moodo Baek's conception of Jooyeok shows a tendency of Sangsooyeok(象數易). He interprets the world with a primary basis on Soo(數), while accepting Ong So's theory of Sansooyeok. This fact provides the counter-evidence against the established dominance of Jeongieon(程傳), which was studied and taught by Tak Woo and served as a main role in the inclusion of Jeongiyeok(정신역) along with the doctrines of Joojayeok(朱子易) in the state examination subjects of Won In the meantime, it seems rather natural that Moon-Bo Baek should have a propensity toward Sangsooyeok, considering the divergent trends of Won's Yeok in the latter tenn of Coryo. The characteristics of Moon-Bo Baek's perception about Jooyeok can be three-fold. First of all, he proffers the notion of 'Il-Bon-Man-Soo(一本萬殊) , and renders the manifestation of Il-Bon into Man-Soo as the moving and Ceasing Of 'Cha-Sim(此心). This is almost the first interpretation regarding the essence and generation of the world, which is hardly to be found in the thoughts of his predecessors. The idea of Il-Bon-Man-Soo entails that there is an interrelational wholeness between nature and human on the one hand, and subject and object on the other. He looks upon Il-Gi(一氣) as the being that makes possible the wholeness of the world. That is to say, he considers Gi to be the source, and here he seeks the foundation of the harmony and unity of heaven and human. Second of all, He pursues the accordance and union of human and nature, on the basis of the kind of Il-Gi outlook on world. Human and nature correspond continuously with each other in the domain of beauty and, furthemore, aims at the mutual amalgamation in the domain of morality, as well. This very amalgamation of morals is called humanity which corresponds to the heavenly virtue, i.e., the union of heaven and human Cheokbulso(斥佛疏), especially, ostracizes Buddhism from the standpoint of Seongree-hak and draws attention to the fact that the moral of heaven-human unity is patently defined via Seongree-hak. Lastly, in His understanding of Jooyeok, the logic of flexibility along with the volition of generation is positively emphasized. The volition of generation is represented with m social and historical significance, which is not just a biological birth. He turns to Ong So's Wonhoiwoonse(元會運世) theory and Hwangjewangpae(皇帝玉覇) theory. In addition, he adapts Dangoongiwon(檀君紀元) theory. By dint of these theories, he argues that Coryo should come to the stage of reformation at that time. Moan-Bo Baekk emphasis on Soo and Gi, and the interpretation of the nature and generation of world, grounding on Il-Gi-Man-Soo, have critical ideological implications. Meanwhile, it is importantly pointed out that he extracts from Jooyeok the corresponding logic to the contemporary reality of Coryo. With some ensuing examinations on the perceptions of Jooyeok by the successors like Sack Lee, it is expected that the ideological situation of the late period of Coryo will come to richer light.

의례의 논리로 재구성한 고려시대의 왕권 -김아네스, 『고려의 국가제사와 왕실의례』 (경인문화사, 2019)-

김보광 ( Kim Bo-kwang ) 한국중세사학회 2022 한국중세사연구 Vol.- No.69

This article is a critique of Agnes Kim’s book, which examines the structure of justification of royal authority or state power in the Goryeo Dynasty through Confucian-centered rituals. I would like to point out some significances from the author’s research results. First, the author reproduced the political authority of the king, that is, the royal authority as a process of visualizing it through a consistent logic. Second, some concepts that were used a lot by researchers but had somewhat vague meanings were clearly explained. For example, the meaning of rites to heaven, and the explanation of the royal hierarchy through appointment ceremonies. Third, the author reconstructed the process of the coronation ceremony that was not clearly revealed. It logically explains the series of processes from the will of the former king to the enthronement and amnesty. I raised several questions about the above research results. First, this book does not contain information on funerals for the royal family, including the king. Second, the author does not mention the way and space of the king’s political actions. Therefore, I think that the structure or process by which the state power acquires legitimacy through rituals has become ambiguous.

Complication of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) in Gastric Cancer

김명세(Myung Se Kim),김성규(Sung Kyu Kim),송선교(Sung Kyo Song),김홍진(Hong Jin Kim),권굉보(Koing Bo Kwan),김흥대(Heung Dae Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1992 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.10 No.2

영남대학교 의료원 치료방사선과에서 1988년 6월 15일에 위함 환자의 수술중 방사선치료를 시작한 이래 1992년 8월 30일까지 총 58예에서 시도하여 그중 53예에서 IORT를 실시하였으며, 정기적인 추적검사에서 한명의 국소개발 환자도 보고되지 않고 있다. 출혈(3예), 장관폐쇄(3예), 폐혈증(2예), 골수기능저차(1예)를 포함한 총 9예(17%)의 합병증이 보고되었고, 이중 6예(13%)가 사망하였다. IORT(1500cGy), 외부 방사선치료 (-4500cGy)와 강한 항암제를 병합치료 하였음에도 불구하고 주등(수술과 항암제 치료)의 25.2%, 김등(수술 불가능한 환자에서 항암제 투여)의 18%, 리등(수술)의 18.5%, Kraming등(IORT 2800-3500cGy)의 35.3%에 비해 낮은 합병증을 보여 IORT가 위암의 치료에 공헌할 수 있음을 시사하였다. 그러나 비교적 높은 치사율(11.3%)은 더욱 세심한 수술수기 및 수술 후 환자의 치료가 필요하며 외부 방사선치료와 항암제치료의 적절한 시기 조절 및 치료선량의 가감이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Local control is the important prognostic factor in cancer treatment because local control decrease the relative risk of metastatic spread and increase distant metastasis free survival. IORT is the modality which could increase local control without increasing complication, combined with curative operation. Eventhough we could achieve significant deacreased local failure by IORT and curative resection, it should not be committed as a main treatment modality without proving acceptable complications. Therapeutic Radiology Department of Yeungnam University Medical Center have tried 58 IORT from June 15, 1988 and performed 53 IORT in patients with gastric cancer. No local failure had been reported including interstinal obstrution, hemorrhage, sepsis, and bone marrow depression. These complications could be comparable to Jo's 25.2% (chemotherapy + operation), Kim's 18% (chemotherapy only in inoperable patients), because our treatment regimen is consisted of IORT (1500cGy), external irradiation (--4500cGy) and extensive chemotherapy (FAM, 5FU + MMC, BACOP). Our data encouraged us to re-inforce further IORT in stomach cancer treatment.

유제놀에 의한 즉시형 알레르기 반응의 억제

김상현,신태용,김형룡,이영미,이은희,신보경,김윤철,안년형,김형민 우석대학교 의약품개발연구소 1996 藥學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

The current study evaluates the capacity of eugenol to regulate immediate allergic reaction by control of histamine release. Administrations of eugenol (1 M/kg. i.p.) at 60 min before and 5.10 min after the compound 48/80 treatment (8 mg/kg.i.p.) were shown the mortality rates as 0.44.4. and 77.8%. respectively. A 60 min before administered group revealed a singificant inhibition of serum his-tamine release compared with those of 5 and 10 min after the compound 48/80 injection. Eugenol (6-48mM) was also showed a dose-dependent activity on the compound 48/80-induced histamine release from the highly purified population of Alcian Blue-positive peritoneal mast cells. These results indicate that in vitro treatment with exogenous eugenol inhibited the active response of mast cell populations and modulated its characteristics.

태양열 이용 냉난방 공조시스템 중 재생기의 하계 재생 능력에 관한 연구

김보철,최광환,금종수,김경철,김종렬 동의공업대학 1998 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

The humidity control is conducted not only for industrial applications but also for domestic ones. High humidity is a factor causing discomfort, thus the importance of using a LiCl(Lithium Chloride) solution has been recognized in recent years in connection with the high quality of goods to be manufactured. as well as cleanliness in a special environment against air pollution and environmental protection. This paper will examine the solar energy regenerator as a part of an open cycle solar energy absorption system for dehumidifying and drying purposes using LiCl solution. An outdoor experiment was done to find out how much could be regenerated in summer. It was found that regeneration rate was about 10kg/day at best in August, and about 5kg/day in September.

Streptozotocin-당뇨병 백서에서 당뇨병 이환기간에 따른 대동맥의 이완능 저하 및 Oxygen-Free Radical에 의한 이완능의 손상정도

김정국,김신우,김수동,서예경,하승우,김보완,백운이,권삼,강승완 경북대학교 병원 1997 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.1

목적: 당뇨병의 이환기간이 혈관의 내피세포 의존성 및 비의존성 이완능의 저하에 미치는 영향과 이환기간에 따라 oxygen-free radical(OFR)에 의한 동맥이완능의 손상정도에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: Streptozotocin(STZ)으로 당뇨병이 유도된 3 주 및 10주째의 백서군과 연령이 비슷한 정상 대조백서군의 적출 대동맥환을 norepinephrine으로 수축시킨 상태에서 내피세포 의존성 이완제인 acetylcholine(ACh) 및 비의존성 이완제인 nitroglycerine(NTG)에 대한 이완능을 즉정하여 비교 관찬하였다. 또한 xanthine과 xanthine oxidase의 혼합으로 생성된 H₂O₂에 대동맥환을 노출시킨뒤 역시 ACh과 NTG에 대한 이완능의 손상정도를 비교하였다. 결과: 3주및 10주째 당뇨병 백서의 대동맥환은 모두 대조군 백서의 대동맥환에 비해 ACh에 대한 이완능이 유의하게 감소하였으며 10주째 당뇨병 백서군에서의 ACh에대한 이완능의 저하는 3 주째 당뇨병 백서군에 비해 유의하게 심하였다.H₂O₂에 노출시킨 뒤 ACh에대한 이완능은 3주 및 10주 째 당뇨병 백서군에서 모두 대조군에 비해 유의하게 심한 손상을 보였으나 3주와 10주째 당뇨병 백서군 사이의 손상정도의 차이가 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 한편 3주 및 10주째 당뇨병 백서군 모두 NTH에 대한 대동맥환의 이완능은 대조 백서군과 별다른 차이가 없었으며 또 H₂O₂에 노출시킨 뒤에도 NTG에 대한 이완능의 손상은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: STZ-당뇨병백서에서 대동맥의 이완능은 당뇨병에 이환된지 3 주째에 이미 ACh에 대한 내피세포 의존성 이완능이 선택적으로 저하되며 당뇨병의 이환기간이 길수록 이완능의 저하가 심하였고, OFR에 의한 동맥 이완능의 손상도 내피세포 의존성 이완능에만 선택적으로 나타나나 이환기간에 따라 OFR에 의한 이완능 손상정도에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없음을 시사하고 있다. Objectives: Diabetes mellitus produces histological evidence of endothelial as well as changes in vascular function in experimental animal. Oxygen free radicals interfere with of destroy endothelium-dependent relaxation in normal and diabetic blood vessels. The present study was investigated whether the duration of diabetic state can affect the severity of impairment in endothelium-dependent and/or independent relaxation and the sensitivity to oxygen free fadical (OFR)-induced damage in diabetic rat vasculature. Methods: The relaxative responses of aortic ring precontracted with norepinephrine in vitro to cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and nitroglycerine (NTG) were conducted in 3- and 10- week streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats and agematched controls. After exposure to H₂O₂generated by mixing xanthine and xanthine oxidase, the degree of impairment in relaxative responses to ACh and NTG were also compared between 3- and 10-week diabetic rats. Results: The relaxative responses of aortic rings produced by cumulative concentrations of ACh were significantly lower in both 3- and 10-week diabetic rats than in the age-matched controls. The impairments of relaxative responses to ACh in 10-week diabetic rats were significantly greater than those in 3-week ones. After H₂O₂ exposure, the impairments of relaxative responses to ACh in 3- and 10-week diabetic aortas was also significantly greater than those in the control in the control ones. However, the severity of H₂O₂-induced damage in 10-week diabetic aortas was not significantly different than that in 3-week ones. In contrast, aortic rings of 3- and 10-week diabetic rats could still be fully relaxed by NTG, even after exposure to H₂O₂. Conclusion: These findings suggest that in SRZ-diabetic rat aortas selective impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation to Ach can be found early even over a 3-week period after the induction of diabetes and the impairment may be greater in those with the longer duration of the diabetic state and that the impairment of the vascular relaxation by OFR is also selective to endothelium-dependent response but the sensitivity of OFR-induced damage may not be related to the duration of the diabetic state.

Risperidone 조기 중단군 및 장기 유지군의 임상적 특성 비교

김광수,박원명,전태연,배치운,김대진,백인호,이철,김정수,한상익,최보문,장계호,고효진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : Risperidone 투여후 조기 중단한 환자들과 장기적으로 계속 risperidone을 복용하고 있는 환자의 임상적 특성을 평가하고 나아가 risperidone장기 유지와 조기 중단의 요인을 분석하고 정신병리가 약물 투여에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상자는 1996년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 8개 병원 정신과에서 risperidone을 투여 시작한 환자 580명중 DSM-IV기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단받고 투여 기간이 6개월 미만(조기 중단군)이거나 2년 이상(장기 유지군)을 경과하였으며 의무기록의 누락이 없는 210명을 선정하였다. 두 군간 임상적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 인구학적 변인, 정신병리학적 변인, 약물 투여기록 및 부작용 등을 과거 의무기록을 근거로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자 210명 중 조기 중단군이 67명(31.9%)이었고 장기 유지군은 143명(68.1%)이었으며 두 군간 인구학적 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 최대 용량은 유의한 차이가 없었으나 유지용량은 조기 중단군에서 4.49(±1.44)mg,장기 유지군에서 3.67(±1.50)mg으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=3.698, p<0.05). 또한, 이전 항정신병약물의 사용 기왕력 변인에서 조기 중단군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 39명(58.2%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 27명(40.3%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 1명(1.5%)이었고, 장기 유지군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 58명(40.6%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 77명(53.8%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 8명(5.6%)으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구결과에 의하면 가급적 환자 상태에 따라 낮은 최적 치료 용량을 투여하는 것이 장기잔의 투여를 바람직한 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구와 같은 대규모의 후향적 자연적 연구는 일반 실제 진료에서 risperidone의 효과 및 기타 다른 측면에서의 유용한 정보를 얻을 것으로 기대된다. Objective : This retrospective naturalistic study was designed to compare the clinical characteristics including psychopathology of two groups of patients, long-term maintenance group and short-term drop-out group, who were taking risperidone. Method : Datas were collected for 210 schizophrenic patients with complete medical records among 580 patients who were enrolled with risperidone administration from January 1996 to December 1996 in 8 affiliated hospital of the Catholic University. The short-term drop-out patients group were assigned to whom treatment period was less than 6 month, and the long-term maintained patients group, treatment period was more than 2 years. We assessed demographics, psychopathology, and other variables related with medication based on past medical records. Results : Among subjects of 210, short-term drop-out patients group were 67(31.9%) and long-term maintained patients group were 143(68.1%). Demographics and psychopathology were not significantly different between two groups. The stating and maximal dosage of risperidone was not significantly different between two groups but the maintenance dosage of risperidone was lower in long-term medicated patients group than short-term drop-out patients group(t=3.698, p<0.05). Additionally, the result of this study showed differences in experiences of past antipsychotic use as following. The number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 39(58.2%), the number of high potency amtipsychotic use was 27(40.3%), and the number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 58(40.6%), the number of high potency ntipsychotic use was 77(53.8%), the number of low potency antipsychotic use was8(5.6%) in long-term maintained group.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). Conclusions : According to these results, administration of low therapeutic dosage should be recommended for long-term maintenance as if possible. Multi-center based retrospective naturalistic study like this would be useful for getting informations about efficacy and some other aspects of antipsychotic administration in practial field.