Cellular Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Coffee Extracts with Different Roasting Levels

정수한,김민형,박재희,정윤화,고광석 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.6

During roasting, major changes occur in the composition and physiological effects of coffee beans. In this study, in vitro antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory effects of Coffea arabica green coffee extracts were investigated at different roasting levels corresponding to Light, Medium, City, and French roast. Total caffeine did not show huge difference according to roasting level, but total chlorogenic acid contents were higher in light roasted coffee extract than other roasted groups. In addition, light roasted coffee extract had the highest antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. To determine the in vitro antioxidant property, coffee extracts were used to treat AML-12 cells. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration and mRNA expression levels of genes related to GSH synthesis were negatively related to roasting levels. The anti-inflammatory effects of coffee extracts were investigated in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The cellular antioxidant activity of coffee extracts exhibited similar patterns as the AML-12 cells. The expression of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 was decreased in cells treated with the coffee extracts and the expression decreased with increasing roasting levels. These data suggest that coffee has physiological antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and these effects are negatively correlated with roasting levels in the cell models.

Development of a clinical scoring system for appendicitis in children with presumed appendicitis

정수한,정진희,곽영호,김도균,정재윤,이진희,권혁술,박중완 대한소아응급의학회 2018 대한소아응급의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: To develop a clinical scoring system for children with presumed appendicitis who visit the emergency department. Methods: A registry based-retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric emergency department between September 2015 and December 2016. Patients aged 4 to 17 years who had a > 1 of 5 Likert scale for possibility of appendicitis were included. Multiple logistic regressions based on Akaike information criterion were performed using variables regarding clinical features and inflammatory markers to develop the clinical scoring system. Results: A total of 233 patients were included, and 93 (39.9%) had the final diagnosis of appendicitis. The final model with the lowest Akaike information criterion (171.7) consisted of 5 variables, including vomiting (1 point), absence of watery diarrhea (1 point), duration of symptoms ≤ 3 days (1 point), rebound tenderness (1 point), and white blood cell count > 10.0 × 109/L (2 points). If the clinical score was ≥ 4 of 6 points, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.86) with a 78.9% sensitivity, 66.7% specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 70.0% and 76.2%, respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 2.4 and 0.3, respectively. Conclusion: The 5-item clinical scoring system shows a fair performance for prediction of pediatric appendicitis. This simple tool could be applied to predict the pediatric appendicitis, and to avoid the use of potentially unnecessary computed tomography.

Effect of Beverage Containing Fermented Akebia quinata Extracts on Alcoholic Hangover

정수한,이상훈,송영선,이서연,김소영,고광석 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.21 No.1

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of beverages containing fermented Akebia quinata extracts on alcoholic hangover. For this study, 25 healthy young men were recruited. All participants consumed 100 mL of water (placebo), commercial hangover beverage A or B, fermented A. quinata leaf (AQL) or fruit (AQF) extract before alcohol consumption. After 1 h, all participants consumed a bottle of Soju, Korean distilled liquor (360 mL), containing 20% alcohol. Blood was collected at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h after alcohol consumption. The plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) activity was highest in the placebo group. Compared with the control group, the AQL and AQF groups showed decreased ALT activity at 5 h after alcohol consumption. Plasma ethanol concentration was increased after alcohol intake and peaked at 3 h after alcohol consumption. Compared with the control group, the A group showed a higher plasma ethanol concentration at 1 h (P<0.05). At 3 h after alcohol consumption, the AQF group showed the lowest mean plasma ethanol concentration compared to the other groups; however, there were no statistical differences. After 5 h of alcohol consumption, the AQL and AQF groups showed lower plasma ethanol concentrations compared with the B group. The sensory evaluation score for the fermented A. quinata fruit extract was lower than for the commercial hangover beverages. In conclusion, the present intervention study results suggest that fermented A. quinata extracts alleviate alcoholic hangover and reduce plasma ethanol concentrations.

독어 입말의 문법서 기술에 대하여

정수정 ( Jeong Su Jeong ) 한국독어독문학회 2009 獨逸文學 Vol.111 No.-

Dieser Artikel beschaftigt sich mit Eigenheiten des gesprochenen Deutsch sowie Stand ihrer Integration in die Grammatikschreibung. Aus dieser Arbeit wurde hervorgegangen, wie sehr sich die gesprochene deutsche Sprache in mancher Hinsicht von der geschriebenen unterscheidet. Die gesprochene Sprache weist diverse eigene Gesetzmaßigkeiten auf, die nicht nur als normwidrige Abweichungen von der geschriebenen zu betrachten sind, sondern eher als ein eigenes System grammatischer Regularitaten aufzufassen waren. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde versucht, zu ermitteln, inwieweit sich die aktuellen Grammatiken bemuht haben, den mundlichen Sprachgebrauch in der Grammatikschreibung zu berucksichtigen. Die Grammatiken, die in den letzten zehn Jahren in Deutschland erschienen haben, enthalten deutlich mehr Informationen zum gesprochenen Deutsch. Fur die Untersuchung beschrankte sich die Bestandaufnahme auf die Zifonun et al. (1997), Duden (1998), Eisenberg (1998/1999) und Helbig/Buscha (2001). In diesen Grammatiken ist in der Regel entweder eine Berucksichtigung gesprochener Sprache in großem Umfang oder eine differenzierte Betrachtung von einzelnen sprachlichen Phanomenen gesprochener Sprache zu verzeichnen. Diese Arbeit versteht sich vor allem als Anregung zu einer breiteren Diskussion der Fragen nach der Integration gesprochener Sprache in die Grammatikschreibung.

독일과 한국 법률 텍스트에 나타나는 복합대용어의 쓰임에 관하여

정수정 한국독어독문학회 2020 獨逸文學 Vol.61 No.2

In dieser Arbeit wird versucht, anhand von deutschen und koreanischen Gesetztexten Komplex-Anaphern zu untersuchen, wobei das Hauptaugenmerk darauf liegt, ihre spezifische Eigenschaften aus verschiedenen Perspektiven zu betrachten sowie ihre Besonderheiten darzulegen, welche die Gesetze als fachsprachliche Texte von anderen allgemeinen geschriebenen Texten abheben. Anaphorik entsteht normalerweise dadurch, dass in einem Text ein zweites Mal auf eine Entität in der außersprachlichen Wirklichkeit verwiesen wird. So wird der Ausdruck, der zum ersten Mal auf den Referenten verweist, zum Antezedenten, während der ihn wieder aufnehmende Ausdruck zur Anapher wird. Komplex-Anaphern beziehen sich darunter auf komplexe Referenzstrukturen. Ihr Antezedent ist nicht ein leicht identifizierbarer konkreter Ausdruck, sondern ein größerer Textabschnitt, der mindestens einen Satz beinhaltet. Die Formen von Komplex-Anaphern in deutschen Gesetzen sind vor allem ‘dies’ und ‘dies- + Nomen’, während die Formen im Koreanischen ‘이 + Nomen’, ‘그 + Nomen’ und ‘이’ darstellen. Charakteritisch wohl für die deutschen Gesetze ist, dass die Komplex-Anaphern entweder semantisch weitgehend leere nicht-intepretierbare Nomen wie z. B. ‘Umstand’, ‘Fall’ u.Ä. oder aus im Antezedensfeld verwendeten Verben abgeleitete Nomen enthalten. Dies trifft wohl doch nicht auf alltägliche geschriebene Texte zu, denn in den alltäglichen Texten oft eher ein Nomen als Komplex-Anaphor vorkommt, der eine Bewertung und somit zusätzliche Information tranportiert, was so im Antezedensfeld nicht vorgenommen wird. 대용은 문장이나 문장을 넘어서는 재수용 현상으로 일반적으로 한 텍스트에서 언어외적 세계의 어떤 대상을 되풀이하여 지시할 때 일어난다. 대용형태 중에서 복합대용어 Komplex-Anapher는 복합적인 지시구조를 나타내는 언어표현으로서 복합대용어의 선행어는 텍스트에서 간단히 식별될 수 있는 단순한 지시대상이 아니다. 이는 비교적 큰 언어표현 단위인 문장 혹은 이를 넘어서는 언어단위이다. 본고에서는 독일과 한국 법조문, 특히 헌법, 민법, 형법에 쓰인 복합대용어의 사용 양상을 살펴보고, 이러한 복합대용어와 선행어와의 관계의 특이성을 일반 글말 텍스트와의 연관 속에서 조명하고자 한다. 독일 법조문에서 사용되는 복합대용어는 ‘dies’ 단독형이나 ‘dies- + 명사’ 구조가 주를 이루고 있으며 한국 복합대용어에는 ‘이’나 ‘그’와 명사와의 결합형태거나 ‘이’ 단독형이 쓰이고 있다. 일반 글말 텍스트에서 복합대용어로 쓰이는 명사는 해당 텍스트 맥락에 의미적으로 적절한 유의어가 사용되는 경향이 있다면, 법률 텍스트에서 나타나는 복합대용어의 명사는 지시하는 사태에 대한 추가적 해석을 최소화하는 명사이거나 독일어의 경우처럼 앞 문장이나 단락에서 이미 사용된 동사에 기초한 명사이다.

독일어 인과관계 접속사 weil, denn, da의 쓰임 양상에 대한 고찰

정수정 ( Jeong Su Jeong ) 한국독일어문학회 2021 독일어문학 Vol.93 No.-

본 논문에서는 독일어 인과관계 접속사 weil, denn, da의 사용 양상을 비교하면서 이 접속사들 의미적, 화용적, 통사적 차이점과 공통점을 살펴보고자 한다. 나아가 이러한 인과 관계 접속사의 의미와 텍스트적 기능 및 현대 독일어에서 사용 양상의 변화 동인을 밝히고 자 한다. 인과관계 접속사는 원인, 근거나 동기의 의미를 포함하고 있는 하나의 명제와 이 명제에 대한 효과나 결과에 해당되는 또 다른 하나의 명제를 서로 연결해준다. weil은 사실관계의 차원에서 하나의 사태는 결과로, 또 다른 하나의 사태는 그에 해당되는 원인을 연결하는 데에 사용된다. 또한 weil은 화자의 추론과 이를 지지하는 근거를 연결시킬 수도 있으며 나아가 화자의 지시 명령 차원에서 이러한 지시를 정당화하는 동기를 표현할 수도 있다. 이에 반하여 da와 denn은 이유 혹은 근거를 제시하는 데에는 사용될 수 있지만 어떠한 결과를 초래한 객관적인 사실을 나타내는 원인을 표현하지는 않는다. 현대 독일어에서 weil은 대등접속사로서의 쓰임이 점점 확대되고 있다. weil은 denn이나 da에 비하여 인과관계의 의미가 상당히 선명한 편이며, 이러한 인과관계 의미의 선명성이 언어경제성이라는 관점에서 denn이나 da와 비교하여 인과관계 접속사로서 weil의 쓰임이 확대되는 배경이라고 할 수 있다. In diesem Artikel wird versucht, die deutschen Kausalkonjunktionen da, denn und weil vergleichend in syntaktischer, semantischer und textlinguistischer Hinsicht zu untersuchen, mit dem Ziel, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen ihnen aufzuweisen. Die kausalen Konjunktionen weil, da und denn verknupfen zwei Sätze, von denen der eine Ursache, Grund oder Motiv enthält und der andere die Wirkung oder Folge. Was die Interpretationsmöglichkeiten angeht, so ist die Ausgangslesart von weil-Sätzen dispositionell. Bei Nachstellung des weil-Satzes sind epistemische und deontisch-illokutionäre Interpretationen möglich, wohingegen denn- sowie da-Sätze prinzipiell nicht-dispositionelle Lesarten nahelegen. Die Kausalkonjunktion weil gilt als kausaler Allzweckkonnektor im heutigen Deutschen. Es kann unabhängig davon auftreten, ob Ursache und/oder Wirkung informationell neu sind oder nicht. Außerdem erlauben weil-Verknüpfungen Interpretationen auf allen drei Verknüpfungsebenen.

하수슬러지를 이용한 생물담체 개발 -기초물성 평가 및 황토최적혼합비 결정-

정수일 ( Soo Il Jeong ),손인식 ( In Shik Sohn ),정승현 ( Seung Hyun Jeong ),정병곤 ( Byung Gon Jeong ) 한국물환경학회 2010 한국물환경학회지 Vol.26 No.2

남매에서 발생한 Kartagener씨 증후군 - 2례 보고 -

정수상 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1982 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.15 No.1

Kartagener`s syndrome is a clinical entity composed of situs inversus, bronchiectasis and chronic sinusitis. This syndrome is rare and is usually detected in childhood. Whether the bronchiectasis in Kartagener`s syndrome is congenital or acquired is still controversial. Some familial cases of this syndrome have been reported, and in these cases the genetic pattern is compatible with an autosomal recessive inheritance with some degree of pleotropism. The authors experienced having 2 cases of Kartagener`s syndrome among 6 siblings in a family. The case No. 1 have had bilateral Caldwell Luc operation, posterior ethmoidectomy, left upper Iobec-tomy with excellent result. The case No. 2 denied to have surgical management.

Cointegration and Causal Analysis between Energy and Output: Evidence of China

정수관,김수인,원두환 한국자료분석학회 2017 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.19 No.1

This paper uses a Chinese aggregate production technology which includes energy, capital and labor as inputs of production and examines their relationships in terms of cointegration and causality. Conventional cointegration and causality approaches are invalid for variables with a mixture of order of integration. Hence the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach identifies the existence of cointegration among the variables. The Toda-Yamamoto approach is conducted to examine direction of Granger causality between them. The empirical findings indicate a long-run equiliburium of output, labor, capital and energy, and energy is an important variable in the production function such as labor and capital. We found bi-directional Granger causality between energy and output, and there is Granger causality running from labor to output. The result supports that energy is an important variable in the aggregate production, and energy is closely related to output in terms of Granger causality.

고도 선별 처리에 의한 금속광산 광미의 무해화 및 감량화

정수복,채영배,김형석,현종영,이웅주 한국자원공학회 2006 한국자원공학회지 Vol.43 No.5

The metallic minerals including sulfides in mine tailings are major materials eluting heavy metallic ions and generating AMD(acid mine drainage). In this study, we examined the possibility of separating harmful metallic minerals and sulfide minerals from JeonJuIl mine tailings by the mineral separation techniques. The effectiveness of separation were estimated by components analysis and ABA(Acid Base Accounting) test. The metallic minerals and sulfide minerals in mine tailings were effectively eliminated by mineral processing technique such as classification, gravity separation, magnetic separation, and froth flotation. According to the result of ABA test, the mine tailings of which the metallic minerals are eliminated did not generate AMD. So, we can use the mineral separation techniques as a good solutions to reclaim the metallic mine tailings. 폐광미에 함유되어 있는 금속광물과 황화광물은 중금속을 용출시키고 산성배수를 발생시키는 원인 물질이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전주일 금속광산 광미를 대상으로 물리적인 선별기술들을 적용하여 환경적으로 유해한 금속광물과 황화광물을 분리선별하여 폐광미의 재활용 가능성을 알아보았다. 또한 금속광물과 황화광물의 분리선별효과를 평가하기 위하여 분리선별된 산물들의 금속성분의 함유량과 ABA 실험을 하였다. 정밀 분급, 비중선별, 습식자력선별, 부유선별 등을 적용하여 분리선별한 결과, 금속광물과 황화광물이 비금속 광물과 효과적으로 분리됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 금속광물과 황화광물이 제거된 물질을 ABA 실험 결과, 산성배수를 발생시키지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 광물 분리선별 기술을 금속 폐광미를 활용하기 위한 수단으로서 사용이 가능하다.서론