배양림프구에서 Paraquat의 세포독성에 대한 Vitamin C와 Deferoxamine의 항산화 효과

어은경,김경희,Eo Eun-Kyung,Kim Kyung-Hee 대한임상독성학회 2006 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose: As basic information of antioxidant treatments for the patient with paraquat intoxication, in human peripheral lymphocytes, the cytotoxicity of paraquat was measured, and to evaluate the antioxidant effect of vitamin C and deferoxamine against this cytotoxicity, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured. Methods: From 10 healthy adults, after obtaining a consent, 20ml peripheral blood was collected. Experimental groups were divided to (1) control group, the group treated with an identical amount of saline, (2) P group: the group treated with paraquat only, (3) PV group: the group treated with paraquat followed by vitamin C 30 minutes later, (4) PD group: the group treated with paraquat followed by deferoxamine 30 minutes later, (5) PVD group: the group treated with paraquat followed by vitamin C 30 minutes later and subsequently deferoxamine one hour later, and (6) PDV group: the group treated with paraquat followed by deferoxamine 30 minutes later and subsequently vitamin C 1 hour later, and thus to total 6 groups. In each group, 10 samples of peripheral blood was assigned and $100{\mu}M\;paraquat,\;100{\mu}M$ vitamin C, and $100{\mu}M$ deferoxamine were used as reagent. Lymphocytes were isolated, cultured, and cytotoxicity was measured by the Microculture Tetrazolium method (MTT assay), MDA and SOD activity, and TAS concentration were measured. Results: In regard to the cytotoxicity measured in each group, their cytotoxicity was decreased in the group treated with antioxidants, in comparison with the group treated with paraquat only. In the cases that the order of the treatment of these two antioxidants was altered, viability in the PDV group $(1.077{\pm}0.121)$ was increased more that the PVD group $(0.888{\pm}0.152)$ statistically significantly (p=0.018). Concerning the amount of MDA, in comparison with the P group $(6.78{\pm}0.93{\mu}mol/L)$, after the treatment of each antioxidant, the concentration of MDA was decreased statistically significantly (p<0.05). In the group treated with two antioxidants together, in comparison with the group treated only with one antioxidant, the amount of MDA was increased statistically significantly $(PV:\;3.96{\pm}0.98{\mu}mol/L,\;PD:\;4.92{\pm}1.50{\mu}mol/L,\;PVD:\;3.22{\pm}0.83{\mu}mol/L,\;and\;PDV:\;3.42{\pm}0.95{\mu}mol/L,\;p=0.007)$. The concentration of SOD measured in the blood in each group after the administration of paraquat, in comparison with the control group, a pattern of the elevation of SOD activity and subsequent decrease was detected, however, it was not statistically significant. In the comparison of the groups treated with antioxidants, in comparison with the P group $(1419.9{\pm}265.9{\mu}mol/L)$, SOD activity was decreased statistically significantly in only the PDV group $(1176.4{\pm}238.9{\mu}mol/L)$ (p=0.017). In regard to TAS measured in each group, in comparison with the P group $(0.87{\pm}0.05{\mu}mol/L)$, in all groups treated with the antioxidants, the PV group was $1.00{\pm}0.03{\mu}mol/L$ (p=0.005), the PD group was $9.01{\pm}0.24{\mu}mol/L$ was $4.64{\pm}3.98{\mu}mol/L$ (P=0.005), and the PDV group was $9.41{\pm}0.27{\mu}mol/La$ (p=0.005), and thus total antioxidant activity was increased statistically significantly In a multiple comparison test, the PDV group showed the highest total antioxidant activity (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The result of the assessment of the antioxidant effect of vitamin C and deferoxamine on paraquat-induced cytotoxicity showed that in regard to cytotoxicity, SOD activity and TAS measurement, the best result was observed in the PDV group. Therefore, it was found that vitamin C and deferoxamine were effective antioxidants for the paraquat-induced cytotoxicity, and it suggests that the administration of deferoxamine fol

난화기법이 아동의 시지각에 미치는 효과

어은경,김갑숙 한국예술심리치료학회 2012 예술심리치료연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 미술치료기법 중 난화기법을 활용한 시지각 기능 향상 프로그램이 아동의 시지각 발달에 미치는 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 B시에 위치한 Y구의 2개교 초등학교 1학년에 재학 중인 아동 80명 중 시지각발달검사에서 한 영역이라도 0점을 받은 아동을 제외한 64명의 아동이다. 연구도구는 한국판시지각발달검사(K-DTVP-2)와 난화기법프로그램이며, 2010년 3월 29일부터 6월 7일까지 총 30회기의 프로그램을 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 실험집단과 통제집단의 동질성 검증을 위해 t-test를 실시하였으며, 효과성 검증은 반복측정변량분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 시각-운동감소와 시각-운동통합 전체의 일반적시지각(GVP)은 검사시기와 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 효과성이 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 시각-운동감소(MRP)의 하위영역에서는 공간위치, 도형-배경, 시각통합, 형태항상성 기능이 향상되었고, 시각-운동통합(VMI)하위영역 중 눈-손협응과 공간관계, 시각-운동 속도는 기능이 향상되었으나 따라 그리기는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구를 살펴본 결과 난화기법을 활용한 프로그램은 초등1학년 아동의 시지각 기능 향상에 효과가 있음이 입증되었다. This study examined effects of a visual perception improvement program utilizing scribble technique-based art therapy on the development of first grade elementary students' visual perception. Out of 80 first graders at two elementary schools in Y-Gu, B city who received Korean Development Test of Visual Perception(K-DTVP-2), 64 students were selected to be participants with the students who scored 0 on any of the categories of the test excluded. The instruments for this study were K-DTVP-2 and the scribble technique. A total of 30 sessions were progressed for 3 months and each session took 150 minutes. The data were computed for a t-test for homogeneity test and a repeated measures analysis of variance for effects test. The findings of this study are as follows. The scribble therapy program made positive effects on the development of visual perception. GVP(general visual perception) including MRP(motor-reduced visual perception) and VMI(visual-movement incorporated) revealed significant differences between the groups and between the test times. The effect was found to continue in one month after the end of the program. Sub-categories of MRP such as Position in space, Figure-ground, Visual-closure, and Form-constancy revealed improvement. Sub-categories of VMI such as Eye-hand coordination, Spatial relations, Visual-motor speed revealed improvement as well. The subcategory of Copying did not show any significant difference. The above findings show that the therapy program using scribble technique proved effective in improving the visual perception of the first grade students.

3차 의료기관 응급센터에서 시행된 병원내 심정지 환자의 심폐소생술 결과 분석

어은경,장혜영,전영진,정구영,손동섭,조대윤,양기민 대한응급의학회 2002 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.13 No.3

응급의료체계에서 환자안전과 전문직 간 협업

어은경 대한응급의학회 2023 대한응급의학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2023 No.2

의식이 명료하지 않은 외상 환자에 있어서 응급초음파의 유용성

어은경,류지영,전영진,정구영 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity of the ultrasound examination performed by emergency physicians in patients with altered mental state due to trauma. Methods: From July 1998 until June 2000, a total number of 59 patients showing altered mental state were examined using emergency ultrasound at the time of primary survey. Their medical records were reviewed, and the interpretations of the emergency ultrasound were compared with the abdominal CT scan or clinical results. Results: Of the 59 patients, 3 were excluded due to incomplete records. Among the 56 remaining patients,9 patients had intra-abdominal problems. The sensitivity and specificity were 77% and 95.7%, respectively. Abdominal CT was not required in 41 (73.2%) patients. Conclusion: Emergency ultrasonography can serve as a useful screening tool in detecting free fluid in trauma victims who are not mentally alert.

집단미술치료 프로그램이 보육교사의 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 효과

어은경,김갑숙 한국미술치료학회 2019 美術治療硏究 Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of a collective art therapy program on the psychological well-being of child care teachers. The research targets consisted of 24 child care teachers at daycare centers in Busan, with 12 test groups and 12 control groups. A total of 12 sessions were conducted twice a week, 80 minutes per session. psychological well-being measures were used as research tools. For data analysis, mixed analysis method was applied. Quantitative analysis was performed using t-test and program effectiveness analysis. The qualitative analysis was analyzed through the open coding method proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) to understand the meaning and structure of the collective art therapy program experience of the experimental group. As the group members experienced catharsis while performing art activities in the group as a community and gained an understanding of themselves through their artworks, they got to accept their own thoughts and emotions, and were able to form positive self-identity and adopt an active attitude toward life. They also formed positive interpersonal relationship through the support of group members and gained the ability to efficiently cope with or overcome a given situation. 본 연구의 목적은 집단미술치료 프로그램이 보육교사의 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 연구대상은 부산광역시에 있는 어린이집 보육교사 24명으로, 실험집단 12명, 통제집단 12명으로 구성하였다. 프로그램은 주2회로 회기당 80분씩 총 12회기를 실시하였다. 연구도구는 심리적 안녕감 척도를 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 양적 분석과 질적 분석을 병행한 혼합분석 방법을 적용하였다. 양적분석은 실험집단과 통제집단의 동질성 검증을 위해 t-test를 실시하고 프로그램 효과 분석을 위하여 검사시기와 집단에 따른 차이는 반복측정변량분석을 하였다. 질적 분석은 실험집단의 집단미술치료프로그램 경험의 의미와 구조를 이해하고자 Strauss와 Corbin(1998)이 제안한 개방적 코딩법을 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 양적분석 결과 집단미술치료 프로그램은 보육교사의 심리적 안녕감에 긍정적인 효과가 있었으며, 그 효과가 지속되었다. 질적 분석 결과 집단원은 집단 공동체 안에서 미술활동을 하며 카타르시스를 경험하고 작품을 통하여 자신에 대해 알아차리게 되면서 자신의 생각과 감정을 수용하게 되고 긍정적인 자아형성과 적극적인 삶의 자세를 갖게 되었다. 또한 집단원간의 지지를 통해 긍정적 대인관계 및 환경에 주어진 상황에 대처하고 극복할 수 있는 힘이 생겼다.

집단미술치료가 경력단절여성의 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향

어은경,김영아 한국문화융합학회 2023 문화와 융합 Vol.45 No.9

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of group art therapy on the psychological well-being of women who have had a career break. Group art therapy was conducted at the ○○ Center for a total of 10 sessions of 80 minutes once a week from July 9 to September 3, 2022, for 8 women who had a career break living in City B. In order to understand the effectiveness of group art therapy, psychological well-being tests were conducted before and after the program was implemented, and the results were analyzed. As a result of the group art therapy program, there was a significant effect on the pre- and post-examinations. Therefore, through this study, it is discussed that women who have a career break have a sense of psychological well-being as stay-at-home mothers, which leads to positive communication with the people around them and an attitude to actively cope with and overcome the current situation.

심폐소생술의 순환회복 예측인자로서 호기말 이산화탄소 분압의 유용성 및 의의 : 각 심정지 원인에 따른 분석

어은경,안기옥,김정연,전영진,정구영 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Background: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of capnometry, the noninvasive, continuous measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO2) in expired air during CPR. The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of ETCO2 monitoring according to immediate cause of arrest during CPR as a prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation and survival. Methods: A prospective, clinical study was performed from May 1997 to December 2000 at the Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. The study included 220 patients(231cases). All patients were immediately connected to a mainstream capnometer sensor between the tube and the bag after endotracheal intubation using an infrared capnometer. Results: The 107 patients(46.3%) with return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) had higher maximal ETCO2 during CPR than the 113 patients without ROSC(31.0±19.4 vs 11.7±9.4 mmHg, P=0.000). The ETCO2 was not significantly different in relation to age, initial rhythm, and survival time after ROSC, but there was a significant difference in the immediate cause of arrest in the ROSC group(respiratory arrest: 40.2±23.5 mmHg, P=0.000). In case of cardiac arrest due to trauma, maximal ETCO2 was not significant in the ROSC group compared with the non-ROSC group(18.2±16.6 vs 10.8±7.5 mmHg, P=0.208). When maximal ETCO2 was less than 10 mmHg, we observed a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 39.5% in predicting ROSC. There were 6 patients with ROSC even though the maximal ETCO2 was less than 10 mmHg. Conclusion: Continuous ETCO2 monitoring during CPR may be noninvasive and valuable predictor of successful resuscitation and survival from cardiac arrest. However, ETCO2 should not be used as a single indicator for either cardiac arrest due to trauma or withdrawal of CPR.

3차 의료기관 응급의료센터에서 시행된 병원내 심정지 환자의 심폐소생술 결과 분석

어은경,장혜영,전영진,정구영,손동섭,조대윤,양기민 대한응급의학회 2002 대한응급의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: The "In-hospital Utstein Style" is an internationally recommended grideline for reporting outcome data from in hospital resuscitation events. This study was designed to evaluate the current status of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in a tertiary emergency department and to provide basic data for a unified report guidelines for resuscitation in Korea. Methods: A clinical analysis of 249 cases of in-hospital CPR performed in a tertiary emergency department from August 1995 to December 2001 was conducted. The evaluation was made using Utstein reporting guidelines. Results: During the period, 232 patients received 249 resuscitations. The immediate precipitating causes of cardiac arrest were cardiogenic in 61 cases (24.5%), traumatic in 58 cases (23.3%), respiratory in 41 cases (16.5%), and metabolic in 28 cases (11.3%), Initial EKG rhythms were bradyarrhythmia in 115 cases (46.2%), pulseless electrical activity in 69 cases (27.7%), ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (VF/VT) in 36 cases (14.5%), and asystole in 26 cases (10.4%). The spontaneous circulation was returned in 153 of the 249 resuscitations (61.5%). In 59 of the 249 resuscitations(23.7%), spontaneous circulation was maintained for more than 24 hours. Sixteen of the 232 patients (6.9%), were discharged alive. The VF/VT group of initial EKG rhythm had a better outcome in comparison with non VF/VT group. The prognosis for respiratory arrest was better(78% probability of survival) than it was for other causes of arrest. Patients suffering from traumatic arrest showed the worst outcomes (9% probability of survival). Conclusion: Although the "In-hospital Utstein Style" is very subjective as a report determining the outcome of resuscitation, it has many complementary factors. However, even with the "Utstein Style", new guidelines compatible with the actual circumstances of our emergency department must be developed.

표준화 환자를 이용한 시뮬레이션에서 응급의학과 전공의의 실수 말하기 대화 내용 분석

어은경 ( Eun Kyung Eo ),김찬웅 ( Chan Woong Kim ),박경혜 ( Kyung Hye Park ) 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2021 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.16 No.1

Background : We analyze the contents of conversations of emergency medicine (EM) residents in a simulation using standardized patients in error disclosure education, and examine the characteristics of them. Methods : Error disclosure education program was conducted for 15 EM residents at a training hospital. One case of near miss and one case of adverse event were developed, and all 15 residents participated in each case. The contents of 30 error disclosure conversation were analyzed. Results : Residents talked more in ‘Acknowledge what happened’ and ‘Response/Plan for care’, and it was rare to have conversations of ‘Tell me about it’ or ‘Answer questions’ in both cases. The cause of the incident was explained frankly, but when the patient blamed there were some residents who told honestly or not. There was a tendency to vaguely reveal the subject who made the mistake or attribute it to another cause. Most of residents apologized to the patient. Most of residents explained systematic recurrence prevention measures and compensation plans, but there were cases where the contents were not specific or inaccurate. Throughout the entire phase, the expression “we” was often used. Conclusion : Residents had doctor-led conversations while error disclosure, so that they need more patient-centered conversations. When apology, empathy and regret should be conveyed in various expressions. Residents need to be properly trained and able to explain to patients about follow-up measures such as systematic recurrence prevention measures and compensation plans. These results can be a basic material for teaching error disclosure or guidelines.