자유 라디칼과 운동

신말순,최대원 고려대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1996 스포츠科學論叢 Vol.8 No.1

This study was designed to investigate the effects of exercise and oxygen toxicity, knowledge of oxygen toxicity. At the same time, advances in oxygen free radical biochemistry have lured exercise biochemists to study the effects of the increased oxygen consumption that accompanies exercise on various biological structures. Most studies support the contention that during strenuous exercise, generation of reative oxygen species is elevated to level that overwhelms antioxidant defense system. Antioxidants produced by the body act in concert with their exogenous counterparts to provide protection against the ravages of reative oxygen. It is therefore clear that there are a number of potential site for the generation of oxygen radicals in muscle during exercise and that the form of exercise which is studied may influence both the site of formation and relative quantity of radical species produced. In the past influenza is known as the source of every disease. However nowdays, oxygen radical is commonly known as the source of every disease through medicals, pharmacy, Sport field. Moreover, sport was convinced to contribute to health. How much does oxygen radicals influence the ability of performance in sports field ? In other aspects how does it influence our health ? The study of oxygen radicals has various results. Enzymes which remove oxygen radicals have catalase, SOD, glutathione, etc. Oxygen which is a particle has various reactions. It influence badly to our body. Recently even in sports field, the risk of oxygen radicals were studied The results of various studies were summarized as follows 1. Training decreases or increases the degree of lipid peroxidation 2. Training decreases or the degree of Superoxide diamutases 3. Training decreases or the degree of Catalase 4. Training decreases or the degree of Glutathione reductase 5. Free radicals decreases run time to exhaustion. I hope that this volume will significantly contribute to the development of this field research.

단시간 최대운동에 따른 운동 전 후 요성분 변화

신말순,위승두,홍윤숙 고려대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1996 스포츠科學論叢 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the urine composition after 1,500m running. 5 generals and 5 athletes were participated fostlis periment arse as follows ; 1. pH in urine showed no change among, the athletes, but the non athletes shoed a slight change from 5.0 to 7.22. 2. For non athletes, specific gravity was 1.018' at rest 1.029 aver exercise. So they showed greater change than athletes in the chame ester exercise for athletes specific gravity was 0.1818 at rest, 1.022 after exercise. 3. The protein change was negative for all then subjects but two of them was trace after exercise. 4. The change of glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, and keton body was also normal for all subjects before and after exercise.

Treadmill exercise improves short-term memory by suppressing ischemia-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells in gerbils

신말순 Elsevier 2004 Neuroscience Letters Vol.372 No.3

스포츠과학3 : 운동의 뇌세포 생성 효과: 분자생물학적 접근

신말순 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2015 스포츠과학 Vol.130 No.-

장거리 육상 경기 선수의 달리기 수행능력과 심박수역치를 이용한 무산소성 역치와의 상관관계

신말순,오창석,황부근,정용락 고려대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2000 스포츠科學論叢 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of heart rate as a new method to determine anaerobic threshold. Anaerobic threshold determined by heart rate(HR) was compared with those determined by lactate(LT) or ventilation variables(VT) in laboratory and field tests. The subjects of 16 long distance rurmers whose average age, height and weight were 18.9±1.39years, 172.7 ± 4.76cm and 65.7 ± 4.97kg respectively were examined to determine their LT, VT in laboratory test and HRDP in 5km · 10km field test. The following results were obtained. Oxygen consumption at LT, VT and HRDP lab test were 70.1 ± 5.00 ml/kg/min(88.8 of VO₂max), 68.3 ± 4.5m1/kg/min(86.3% of VO₂max), 72.9 ± 4.6m1/kg/min(89.3% of VO₂max). There were no differences among the results. Heart rate at LT, VT and HRDP in lab test were 178.7 ± 5.00bpm, 171.1 ± 6.95bpm and 180.3 ± 4.94bpm respectively. There were no differences among the results. VO₂ at HRDP in lab test showed high correlation at with VO₂ at LT and VT in lab test(r--0.66 r=0.64 respectively. p$lt;0.05). HRHRDP in field test showed high correlation with HR at HRDP in lab test(r=0.87, p$lt;0.01). Running time at HRDP in field test showed high correlation with, mathematical prediction time and actual running time of 5km, 10km(r=0.88 r=0.82 respectively, p$lt;0.001, p$lt;0.01). The results suggested that the HRDP was a useful method to determine AT of athletes in the field.

Long-term Surgical and Chemical Castration Deteriorates Memory Function Through Downregulation of PKA/CREB/ BDNF and c-Raf/MEK/ERK Pathways in Hippocampus

신말순,김태운,박상서,고일규,김창주,김미아,노수연,김광택,김계환 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2019 International Neurourology Journal Vol.23 No.2

Purpose: Goserelin is a drug used for chemical castration. In a rat model, we investigated whether surgical and chemical castration affected memory ability through the protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response elementbinding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinases-extracellular signal–regulated kinases (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK) pathways in the hippocampus. Methods: Orchiectomy was performed for surgical castration and goserelin acetate was subcutaneously transplanted into the anterior abdominal wall for chemical castration. Immunohistochemistry was done to quantify neurogenesis. To assess the involvement of the PKA/CREB/BDNF and c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in the memory process, western blots were used. Results: The orchiectomy group and the goserelin group showed less neurogenesis and impaired short-term and spatial memory. Phosphorylation of PKA/CREB/BDNF and phosphorylation of c-Raf/MEK/ERK decreased in the orchiectomy and goserelin groups. Conclusions: Short-term memory and spatial memory were affected by surgical and chemical castration via the PKA/CREB/ BDNF and c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.

대학생의 언어행동에 관한 연구 : 부산지역·오사카지역을 중심으로

신말순 대한일어일문학회 2001 일어일문학 Vol.15 No.-

大學生を對象とした韓·日 兩國の言語行動の中から、呼び方·ほめ表現·依뢰表現について、①年長かぢうか ②親しいかどうか ③同性間かどうか ④使用頻度 ⑤性差の觀点から分析を行った。 1. 呼び方-話し手がどの呼び方を選ぶかは日本では他者との心理的距離によって決められる、一方韓國では上下關係(學年差)によって子め、決められていることがわかった。 まず日本では②について、「名字さん」は親しい相手より親しくない相手に多く用いられる。 韓國では⑤について、「형(오빠)」は男子學生が、 「∼선배」は女子學生が多く使用われる性差が明らかに現れる。 韓國でも日本語の「∼さん」と「∼くん」に當たる「∼씨」と「∼군」という語があるが、日本のように頻繁に使われない。 特に學校社會でこれらの語を耳にすることはほとんどない。 2. ほめ表現-ほめるという行爲をするかどうか調査した結果、韓國の方が日本よりほめると答える人が多かった。 まず日本では②について、「いい類」が親しい相手に多く使われる。 ③について、「行けてる」は同性に、「きれい」「澁い」は異性に對してよく使われることが見られる。 ここで興味深いのは日本語の「いい」に當たる韓國語の「좋다」はお互いに同輩に多く用いられる側面があるという点であった。 3. 依뢰表現-本稿では依뢰表現を大きくいくつの型に分類した。 日本では依뢰の對象によって依뢰表現の型が決められることがわかった。 依뢰內容の뢰重の違いでは依뢰表現の型はほとんど變わらないということであった。 言い換えれば、依뢰內容によってはただ同じ型での表現の丁寧さにだけ關與しているということであった。 一方韓國では依뢰內容によって依뢰表現の型が決められる相對的な傾向が見られる。

The Effect of Treadmill Exercise on Diabetes-Induced increase of Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in the Hypothalamus of Rats

신말순,윤진환,김창주 한국체육교육학회 2003 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Aqueous Extract of Ma huang decreases Neuropeptide Y Expression in the Hypothalamus of Rats

신말순,심철민,장미현,장현경,김장주,김정선,김예화 한의병리학회 2003 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Treadmill exercise enhances motor coordination and ameliorates Purkinje cell loss through inhibition on astrocyte activation in the cerebellum of methimazoleinduced hypothyroidism rat pups

신말순,김보균,이신호,김태수,허유미,최준호,김창주,임백빈 한국운동영양학회 2012 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.16 No.2

Thyroid hormones are important for the development of the brain including the cerebellum. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on the survival of Purkinje neurons and the activation of astrocytes in the cerebellar vermis of hypothyroidism-induced rat pups. On the day of perinatal 14, pregnant rats were divided into two groups (n = 5 in each group):the pregnant control group and the pregnantmethimazole (MMI)-treated group. For the induction of hypothyroidism in the rat pups,MMI was added to the drinking water (0.02% wt/vol), from the day of perinatal 14 to postnatal 49. After delivery, male rat pups born from the pregnant control group were assigned to the control group. Male rat pups born from the MMI-treated group were divided into the hypothyroidism-induction group, the hypothyroidism-induction with treadmill exercise group, and the hypothyroidism-induction with thyroxine (T4) treatment group (n = 10 in each group). The rat pups in the exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 4 weeks, starting on postnatal day 22. In the hypothyroidism-induced rat pups,motor coordination was reduced and Purkinje cell death and reactive astrocytes in the cerebellar vermis were increased. Treadmill exercise enhanced motor coordination, increased the survival of Purkinje neurons, down-regulated reactive astrocytes, and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions in the hypothyroidism-induced rat pups. These results suggest that treadmill exercise has beneficial effects in terms of protecting against thyroid dysfunction by increasing T3 and T4 and the related protein, BDNF, as well as TrkB, inhibition on astrocyte activation and the reduction of Purkinje cell loss regarding the cerebellum in hypothyroidism rat pups.