Genetic Diversity in the Coat Protein Genes of Prune dwarf virus Isolates from Sweet Cherry Growing in Turkey

Ozturk, Yusuf,Cevik, Bayram The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.1

Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop with increasing economical value in Turkey and the world. A number of viruses cause diseases and economical losses in sweet cherry. Prune dwarf virus (PDV), is one of the most common viruses of stone fruits including sweet cherry in the world. In this study, PDV was detected from 316 of 521 sweet cherry samples collected from 142 orchards in 10 districts of Isparta province of Turkey by double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The presence of PDV in ELISA positive samples was confirmed in 37 isolates by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. A genomic region of 862 bp containing the coat protein (CP) gene of PDV was re-amplified from 21 selected isolates by RT-PCR. Amplified DNA fragments of these isolates were purified and sequenced for molecular characterization and determining genetic diversity of PDV. Sequence comparisons showed 84-99% to 81-100% sequence identity at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively, of the CP genes of PDV isolates from Isparta and other parts of the world. Phylogenetic analyses of the CP genes of PDV isolates from different geographical origins and diverse hosts revealed that PDV isolates formed different phylogenetic groups. While isolates were not grouped solely based on their geographical origins or hosts, some association between phylogenetic groups and geographical origins or hosts were observed.

Systemic Inflammatory Load in Young and Old Ringdoves Is Modulated by Consumption of a Jerte Valley Cherry-Based Product

Jonathan Delgado,María del Pilar Terrón,María Garrido,Carmen Barriga,Sergio Damián Paredes,Javier Espino,Beatriz Rodríguez 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.8

A chronic subclinical inflammatory status that coexists with immune dysfunction is commonly found in the elderly population. Consumption of foods rich in antioxidants (e.g., cherries) is an attractive strategy to reduce risk from chronic diseases. Based on previous studies showing the antioxidant effect of a Jerte Valley cherry derivative product in humans, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the intake of a Jerte Valley cherry-based beverage on inflammatory load in both young and old ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria). To this purpose, circulating levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as serum levels of different acute-phase proteins were measured before and after a 10-day treatment with the Jerte Valley cherry-based beverage. Thus, the 10-day treatment with the cherry-based beverage modulated the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in both young and old ringdoves by down-regulating the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1b, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interferon-c) and up-regulating the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-2, and IL-10). Moreover, the 10-day treatment with the Jerte Valley cherrybased product reduced the levels of several proteins involved in acute-phase responses, such as C-reactive protein, haptoglobin,a2-macroglobulin, and serum amyloid P component. On the other hand, old birds showed imbalanced levels of inflammatory markers toward a pro-inflammatory status, thereby underlining the fact that aging is usually accompanied by systemic inflammation and inflammation-related chronic diseases. To sum up, the data suggest a potential health benefit by consuming the cherry-based beverage, especially in aged populations, through their anti-inflammatory properties.

Assessment of Morphological Variation between Some Iranian Wild Cerasus Sub-genus Genotypes

Ali Shahi-Gharahlar,Zabihollah Zamani,Mohammad Reza Fatahi,Naser Bouzari 한국원예학회 2010 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.51 No.4

Iran is one of the important countries for the distribution of Cerasus subgenus species with around 225,000 tons production of cherries. Together with Turkey and USA it has been one among the three leading producers of these fruits. One of the important aims in cherry breeding is developing dwarfing rootstocks with good adaptation with different climates and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A program has been initialized in Iran for breeding and developing new rootstocks for cherries, suitable for climatic and edaphic condition of this country. The present study was conducted under this program to categorize some Cerasus sub-genus wild genotypes and improved cultivars and rootstocks, by using vegetative characters. Conservation of the genetic resources of these species is another important aim of this program. Around 27 morphological parameters were evaluated on 74 genotypes in seven species of this sub-genus from eight provinces of Iran. These consisted of P. avium L., P. cerasus L., P. mahaleb L., P. incana Pall., P. brachypetala Boiss., P. pseudoprostrata Pojark. and P. microcarpa Bioss. Analysis of variance of the studied parameters was significant among genotypes, showing a high level of variability for the characters. Results of simple correlation analysis showed the existence of significant positive and negative correlations among some important parameters such as tree height, tree growth habit, trunk diameter, internode length, growth compactness and leaf area. Also, factor analysis showed that tree growth habit, height, growth compactness, trunk diameter, internode length, pubescence on the leaf upper surface and number of leaf serration per cm constitute the main factors. Effective characters were categorized within six factors and accounted for 77.74 of overall variance. Cluster analysis was performed using these six factors and genotypes in the approximate distance of 13 were divided into six main groups. These groups were divided into several sub-clusters and improved varieties or cultivars were clearly separated from the others. The P. cerasus cultivars and genotypes together with one genotype of the P. avium and improved rootstocks (‘Gisela6’ and ‘Colt’) located in one sub-cluster. Scatter plot analysis using two main factors could also clearly separate the location of genotypes and verified genotypes from each other.

Optimizing postharvest methyl bromide treatments to control spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, in sweet cherries fromWestern USA

Spencer S. Walse,Leonel R. Jimenez,Wiley A. Hall,J. Steven Tebbets,David M. Obenland 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.1

Methyl bromide (MB) chamber fumigations were evaluated for postharvest control of spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in fresh sweet cherry exports from Western USA. Sweet cherries were infested with SWD, incubated to maximize numbers of the most MB-tolerant specimens (ca. 60 to 108-h old at fumigation, 88% 3rd & 2nd instars), buried amongst uninfested fruit in bins consistent with commercial practice, cooled to an average pulp temperature ≥ 8.3 °C, and then fumigated in a chamber. Treatment efficacy was diagnosed by the percentage of survivors emerging as adults fromfumigated cherries relative to that fromnon-fumigated control cherries. A kinetic model of sorption was developed based on the measurement of MB and how calculated exposures varied across the fumigation trials. The model describes how to manipulate the applied MB dose, fumigation duration, and the load factor so that the resultant exposure is adequate for SWD control across various pulp temperatures when cherries are fumigated in wooden versus plastic bins. Results are discussed in the context of graduation toward optimized quarantine fumigation schedules for control of SWD, which will promote more strategic technical and economic Quarantine Pre-shipment (QPS) use of MB

스위트 다크 체리의 영양성분 및 항산화 활성

구권순,김일훈,정창호,금동찬,장치원,김영숙,이구열,심기환 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.48 No.2

In this study, the nutrition components and antioxidative activities of sweet dark cherry fruit were investigated. The values of pH, soluble solids, and total acidity were 4.06, 29.3 Brix and 0.60% respectively. Hunter L, a, and b values were 21.56, 3.99 and 1.12, respectively. Proximate compositions were as follows: moisture 67.74%, crude protein 0.98%, crude fat 1.46%, nitrogen free extract 28.48%, crude fiber 0.45% and ash 0.89%. Mineral components of cherry was rich in K (216.86 mg/100 g), P (56.97 mg/100 g) and Ca (32.97 mg/100 g). The major free sugars of cherry were glucose(4.91%) and fructose(3.88%). An analysis of the component amino acid showed a relatively high ratio of aspartic acid, proline, glutamic acid and essential amino acids of leucine, but a low cystine and methionine content. Contents of ascorbic acid and total phenolics were 0.81 mg/100 g and 0.31 mg/GAE g, respectively. The radical scavenging activities, reducing power and inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation were dose-dependent. Thus, cherry can be an effective source of functional food substances. 스위트 다크 체리를 기능성 식품 재료로 이용하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 화학성분 및 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 체리 착즙액의 pH는 4.06, 가용성고형분은 29.30 °Brix 및 총산도는 0.60%였으며, L, a, b값은 각각 21.56, 3.99 및 1.12였다. 일반성분 함량은 수분 67.74%, 조단백 0.98%, 조지방 1.46%, 가용성 무질소물 28.40%, 조섬유 0.45% 및 조회분 0.89%였다. 주요 무기성분은 칼륨, 인 및 칼슘으로 그 함량은 각각 216.86 mg/100 g, 56.97 mg/100 g 및 32.97 mg/100 g이었다. 주요 유리당으로는 glucose(4.91%)와 fructose(3.88%)이며, 아미노산으로는 aspartic acid, proline, glutamic acid 및 leucine이었고, cystine과 methionine은 매우 낮은 함량을 보였다. 비타민 C와 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 0.81 mg/100 g과 0.31 mg/GAE g였으며, 라디칼 소거활성, 환원력 및 지질과산화 억제활성은 농도의존적인 경향을 보여 체리는 기능성 식품 소재로 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

국내 양앵두나무에서 발생한 Cherry green ring mottle virus 동정

조인숙,최국선,최승국 한국식물병리학회 2013 식물병연구 Vol.19 No.4

During the 2012 growing season, 154 leaf samples were collected from sweet cherry trees in Hwaseong,Pyeongtaek, Gyeongju, Kimcheon, Daegu, Yeongju and Eumseong and tested for the presence of Cherrygreen ring mottle virus (CGRMV). PCR products of the expected size (807 bp) were obtained from 6 samples. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of the clones showed over 88%identities to published coat protein sequences of CGRMV isolates in the GenBank database. The sequences ofCGRMV isolates, CGR-KO 1−6 shared 98.8 to 99.8% nucleotide and 99.6 to 100% amino acid similarities. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Korean CGRMV isolates belong to the group II of CGRMV coatprotein genes. The CGRMV infected sweet cherry trees were also tested for Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus(ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Cherry mottle leaf virus(CMLV), Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), Cherry virus A (CVA), Little cherryvirus 1 (LChV1), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) by RT-PCR. All of thetested trees were also infected with ACLSV. 2012년 국내 양앵두나무에서 발생하는 CGRMV를 조사하기 위해 화성, 평택, 경주, 김천, 대구, 영주 음성의양앵두 재배과원 7개 지역에서 잎 시료 154점을 채집하였다. 채집한 시료에 대해 CGRMV 유전자 검정을 수행한 결과 6점의 시료에서 807 bp 크기의 PCR 증폭산물이검출되었다. 이들 PCR 증폭산물은 클로닝과 유전자 염기서열 분석 결과 GeneBank에 등록된 외국의 CGRMV분리주들과 88% 이상의 외피단백질 유전자 염기서열 상동성을 보였다. 국내 양앵두나무에서 분리된 분리주들,CGR-KO 1−6 간에는 98.8−99.8%의 염기서열 및 99.6−100%의 아미노산 서열 상동성을 나타내었다. 국내 CGRMV분리주들은 외피단백질 유전자 계통도 분석에서 기존에분류된 I, II, III 그룹 중 II 그룹에 속하였다. 또한 CGRMV가 감염된 국내 양앵두나무 이병주들은 ACLSV 등 10종바이러스에 대해서도 RT-PCR을 수행한 결과 모든 시료에서 ACLSV가 검출되어 CGRMV와 ACLSV가 복합 감염된 것을 확인하였다.

Genetic Diversity in the Coat Protein Genes of Prune dwarf virus Isolates from Sweet Cherry Growing in Turkey

Yusuf Öztürk,Bayram Çevik 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.1

Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop with increasingeconomical value in Turkey and the world. A numberof viruses cause diseases and economical losses in sweetcherry. Prune dwarf virus (PDV), is one of the mostcommon viruses of stone fruits including sweet cherryin the world. In this study, PDV was detected from316 of 521 sweet cherry samples collected from 142orchards in 10 districts of Isparta province of Turkeyby double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbentassay (DAS-ELISA). The presence of PDV inELISA positive samples was confirmed in 37 isolates byreverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR)method. A genomic region of 862 bp containingthe coat protein (CP) gene of PDV was re-amplifiedfrom 21 selected isolates by RT-PCR. Amplified DNAfragments of these isolates were purified and sequencedfor molecular characterization and determining geneticdiversity of PDV. Sequence comparisons showed 84-99% to 81-100% sequence identity at nucleotide andamino acid level, respectively, of the CP genes of PDVisolates from Isparta and other parts of the world. Phylogeneticanalyses of the CP genes of PDV isolates fromdifferent geographical origins and diverse hosts revealedthat PDV isolates formed different phylogeneticgroups. While isolates were not grouped solely basedon their geographical origins or hosts, some associationbetween phylogenetic groups and geographical originsor hosts were observed.

Complete genome sequence of Cherry virus A identified from sweet cherry in Korea

Da Hyun Lee(이다현),Young Ho Jung(정영호),JunHyeok Kim(김준혁),Hyeon Min Kim(김현민),Kyeong Min Kim(김경민),Chaesun Na(나채선),Chung Youl Park(박충열) 한국미생물학회 2022 미생물학회지 Vol.58 No.1

The Reduction of Fruit Cracking on the Sweet Cherry by Protected Rainfall during Maturing Period of Fruits

Ik-Koo Yoon,Cheol Choi,Byung-Woo Moon,Kyeong-Ho Chung,Sung-Jong Kim 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Quality changes of two sweet cherry cultivars with different susceptibility to cracking during the storage

Bin Yuqi,Liu Chenghui,Xie Jiani,Wang Mingyu,Chen Chen,Jiang Aili 한국원예학회 2024 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.65 No.3

This study aimed to investigate the diff erence in postharvest quality and storage tolerance of two sweet cherry cultivars with diff erent susceptibility to cracking (‘Rainier’: less-susceptible, ‘Wanhongzhu’: more-susceptible). Cracking assays confi rmed that ‘Wanhongzhu’ was more susceptible to cracking than ‘Rainier’, with the T 50 (the half time of fruit cracking in a given solution) of 5.53 and 22.27 h, respectively. During the storage, respiration rate, soluble solids content, titratable acid content, soluble protein content, ascorbic acid content, and fi rmness of ‘Wanhongzhu’ were higher than those of ‘Rainier’, but the color change and ethylene production were lower than those of ‘Rainier’. For the expression levels of cell wall metabolism-related genes, the expressions of Paβ-Gal , PaEXA4 , PaaqpSIP2.1 , and PaaqpPIP2.4 in ‘Wanhongzhu’ were higher than those of ‘Rainier’ during the storage, however, the expressions of PaPME , PaPEL.7 , PaXTH , PaPAE.1 , PaPOD and PaExp1 were lower than those of ‘Rainier’. Correlation analysis results suggest the expressions of cell wall metabolism-related genes in ‘Wanhongzhu’ had less eff ect on fruit quality than that in ‘Rainier’. Overall, compared with ‘Rainier’, ‘Wanhongzhu’ had better fruit quality during the low-temperature storage, but it was more likely to produce fruits cracking and rot, which shortens its shelf-life. Therefore, ‘Wanhongzhu’ is more suitable for short-term storage.