순무의 생산, 이용 및 효능에 대한 현황조사 연구

이성동(SungDong Lee) 고려대학교 보건과학연구소 2006 보건과학논집 Vol.32 No.1

  Turnip has been cultivated for over 1,000 years in Korea. Nowadays, it is mainly cultivated as a speciality in Ganghwa. The average number of households that grow turnip is estimated at 5,000 ; the total annual production is estimated at 1,600 M/T. In contrast to Korean radish, turnip has 70% more energy, protein and carbohydrate, as well as 1.6∼3.5 times as much calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and potassium. Turnip also contains 2.0∼4.5 times as much vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin. Currently, the most common turnip product is turnip-Kimch’i, among the other turnip products are watery turnip-Kimch’i(Dong-chi-mi), dried turnip, powdered turnip, turnip vinegar, turnip juice, etc. A decade ago, there were only about 20 types of turnip products, such as several kinds of turnip-Kimch’i, herbs, raw turnip food, turnip medicine, etc. Nowadays, the turnip related industry has extended to over 120 turnip products which include new kinds of turnip-Kimch’i, rice-cakes, cakes, noodles, juice, health products, cosmetics, and so on. Studies of turnip should be continued diversely so that turnip with higher qualities can be produced, and that the efficacy and functions of turnip towards human bodies can be better known. In addition, the production processes of turnip - cultivating, processing, sales, and merchandising - should be improved and better organized so that the losses from under-or over-producing the products can be minimized.

Inhibitory Effect of Turnip Extract Fractions on Hepatic Fibrogenesis

Hye Won Shin,Soo Young Park,Kyoung Bun Lee,Eun Shin,Han Suk Ryu,Min Su Kim,Jae Bum Ahn,Young Jin Kim,Ja-June Jang 한국실험동물학회 2006 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.22 No.3

Turnip extract is known to have anti-fibrogenic effect traditionally but there is little study regarding the effective components of turnip extracts and their mechanism. The aim of this study is to search the effective components of turnip extracts using rat hepatic stellate cell lines and animal models. The anti-fibrogenic effects of the six components out of hexane and water fraction of turnip extract were examined. Changes of cell proliferation, expression of genes and proteins related to liver cirrhosis, and induction of cell apoptosis were analyzed. The six components were confirmed to significantly decrease cell proliferation, and induction of cell apoptosis were slightly changed. Especially, turnip/Hx/Hx fraction and turnip/water/EtOH precipitate among these components were confirmed to have anti-fibrogenic effects. On the basis of these results, turnip/Hx/Hx fraction was primarily fractionated with TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), while the anti-fibrogenic effect of turnip/water/EtOH precipitation extract was examined through an animal model for liver fibrosis. In the laboratory animal study, significant anti-fibrogenic effect was confirmed with histological and serological methods in the experimental group with turnip/water/EtOH precipitation extract mixed diet. The seven fractions out of turnip/Hx/Hx component through TLC were investigated for cell apoptosis induction, and among them four fractions were confirmed to have possible anti-fibrogenic effects. Among these four, 5/AT extract was secondarily fractionated with TLC to six fractions; turnip/Hx/5-1 to turnip/Hx/5-6, and these were investigated for cell apoptosis induction. As a result, two of them were confirmed to possibly induce cell apoptosis as tetrandrine does. In conclusion, the present study identified the anti-fibrogenic component among the turnip extract, and suggests that it could be a potential component in preventive and therapeutic agent for liver cirrhosis.

순무 음식에 대하여

이성동(SungDong Lee) 고려대학교 보건과학연구소 2004 보건과학논집 Vol.30 No.2

  Turnip has been cultivated for a long time in the country. Recently, it is mainly cultivated in Kanghwa. The total production of turnip is estimated at 3,000M/T per year. Comparing to Koran radish, turnip has 70% more energy, protein, and carbohdrate; 1.6~3.5 times as much calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and potassium. turnip also has 2.0~4.5 times as much vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂ and niacin. Examples of traditional food made from turnip are several kinds of turnip-Kimch"i, soup, herbs, raw turnip foods and so forth. The production processes of cultivating, processing, sales, and merchandising of turnip should be improved and better-organized so that we can minimize the loss from under- or over-producing of the products. Studies of turnip should be continued in these areas so that turnip with higher qualities can be produced in the future.

아로니아, 비트, 백년초 분말 첨가 순무 물김치의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성 비교

김선회,김지형,엄선아,한영선,허명제,Kim, Sun Hoi,Kim, Ji Hyeung,Eom, Sun Ah,Han, Young Sun,Heo, Myung Je 한국식품조리과학회 2018 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Purpose: This study examined the effects of aronia, beet and prickly pear powder on the properties of mul-kimchi made of turnip. Methods: Each turnip mul-kimchi was made by adding 0.2% aronia, beet or prickly pear powder. After a 24 hour fermentation process at $25^{\circ}C$, it was stored at $4^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of turnip mul-kimchi during 34 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$ were compared. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging methods, as well as FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays and the total polyphenol content. Results: The antioxidant activity of aronia-added turnip mul-kimchi was higher than that of the control and others. The vitamin C content was the highest on day 6, with the following levels: aronia-added turnip mul-kimchi (182.36 mg/kg), beet-added turnip mul-kimchi (171.80 mg/kg), prickly pear-added turnip mul-kimchi (163.80 mg/kg) and control group (158.85 mg/kg). Conclusion: The addition of aronia powder can improve the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of turnip mul-kimchi.

순무백김치의 이화학적 특성 및 인체위암세포(AGS)의 항암효과

임금자,강순아 한국식품영양학회 2022 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Comparing the quality characteristics of kimchi were measured and anticancer effects using AGS human gastric cancer cells were observed. Five kinds of kimchi samples were made of Kanghwa Baek kimchi (KB), Kangwha Turnip kimchi (KT), Turnip: Chinese cabbage = 1:1 Baek kimchi (T1B1), Turnip:Chinese cabbage = 4:1 Baek kimchi (T4B1), Turnip mul kimchi (T). As a result T kimchi showed the best fermentation characteristics among the five samples. T kimchi had a lower percentage of the total number of aerobic bacteria, while the number of lactobacillus was higher than that of other samples. The mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-related factors found that T kimchi significantly increases the mRNA expression levels of caspases-3 and caspases-9 in AGS human gastric cancer cells as compared to the other kimchi samples. It showed high anticancer effects in the order of T, T1B1, and KB kimchi. As the anticancer effect of Turnip mul kimchi made only of turnip was higher, the higher the turnip content, the higher the anticancer effect. These results show that there were changes in fermentation characteristics such as pH, acidity, number of lactic acid bacteria, and anticancer effects according to the ratio of turnip and cabbage.

Genome divergence in Brassica rapa subspecies revealed by whole genome analysis on a doubled‑haploid line of turnip

박혜랑,강태구,이기범,유승화,신호섭,김건우,박정은,김예슬,허진회 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.6

Subspecies of Brassica rapa are morphologically and genetically diverse, and include a variety of fresh vegetables grown worldwide. Among them, turnip (B. rapa subsp. rapa) produces a large bulbous taproot, and thus is primarily consumed as a root vegetable in Europe and Asia. In comparison to Chinese cabbage (B. rapa subsp. pekinensis), however, genetic analysis and breeding of turnip is hampered in practice due in part to scarcity of useful genetic resources. In this study, we produced a doubled haploid (DH) line of Ganghwa turnip, an heirloom specialty crop in Korea that is usually propagated by open pollination. Microspores were isolated from young flower buds of Ganghwa turnip, and shoots and roots were sequentially regenerated in vitro. Chromosome doubling was induced with the colchicine treatment, and verified by flow cytometry analysis. The G14 DH line displayed uniformity in overall morphology compared to heterogeneous commercial Ganghwa turnips. The whole genome of G14 was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform, and the reads mapped onto the B. rapa reference genome identified 1,163,399 SNPs and 779,700 indels. Despite high similarity in overall genome sequence, turnips and Chinese cabbage have different compositions of transposable elements (TEs). In particular, long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are more enriched in turnips than in Chinese cabbage genomes, in which the gypsy elements are classified as major LTR sequences in the turnip genome. These findings suggest that subspecies-specific TE divergence is in part responsible for huge phenotypic variations observed within the same species.

Genome-wide identification and expression pattern of short-wavelength light responsive members of the NAC family in turnip

Wang Jing,Wang Yu,Kong Chang,Liang Yan,Song Wankun,Li Yuhua 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.4

The NAC transcription factor family plays a crucial role in stress response, plant development, and anthocyanin pigmentation. In turnip, anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced by UV-A or blue + UV-B light. However, characterization of turnip NACs is lacking, and whether they are involved in light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation is still unknown. In this study, we identified 200 BrNAC transcription factors in the turnip genome. They were intensively distributed on chromosomes A03, A07, A09, and A10. Phylogenetic analysis classified the turnip BrNAC gene family into 11 subfamilies. The protein subdomains were highly conserved between turnip and Arabidopsis thaliana, and exhibited a close evolutionary relationship. Protein-protein interaction prediction and RNA-seq expression profiles illustrated that the UV-A light responding genes BrNAC183, BrNAC195, and the blue + UV-B light responding gene BrNAC184 were the candidate genes associated with light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in turnip. We discussed the findings on the relationship between the structure and function of the short-wavelength light responsive BrNAC family proteins from our results and the published data. Our results will aid further functional analysis of BrNAC family transcription factors. This research supports that BrNAC transcription factors regulate light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis in turnip.

순무의 d-galactosamine 유발 간장해 보호효과

최혁재,한명주,백남인,김동현,정해곤,김남재 한국생약학회 2006 생약학회지 Vol.37 No.4

rapa L. (Turnip) which is one of the specialized crops in Ganghwa island, has been used for diuretic,in vitroand in vivo were investigated in order to evaluate the possibility as hepatoprotective agents. Ethanol extract of turnip potentlyshowed the scavenging effect on DPPH and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. Oral administration of turnip extract to d-galactosamine-induced experimental liver injured rats was significantly reduced the serum AST, ALT and LDH enzyme activ-ities. And the decrease of catalase and SOD activities in liver microsolmal cytosol was significantly improved by the treatmentof turnip. Based on these findings, it is presumed that ethanol extract of turnip may have the hepatoprotective effect on d-galac-tosamine-induced hepatotoxicity rat.Key wordsBrassica rapa, Turnip, antioxidative activity, hepatoprotective efects, transaminase activities, SOD, catalse.. (Brassica rapa L., Cruciferae). .... ....

순무의 d-galactosamine 유발 간장해 보호효과

최혁재,한명주,백남인,김동현,정해곤,김남재 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2006 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2006 No.-

Brassica rapa L. (Turnip) which is one of the specialized crops in Ganghwa island, has been used for diuretic, digestive, and curative for jaundice, etc. In this study, the antioxidative effects and hepatoprotective effects of turnip in vitro and in vivo were investigated in order to evaluate the possibility as hepatoprotective agents. Ethanol extract of turnip potently showed the scavenging effect on DPPH and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. Oral administration of turnip extract to d-galactosamine-induced experimental liver injured rats was significantly reduced the serum AST, ALT and LDH enzyme activities. And the decrease of catalase and SOD activities in liver microsolmal cytosol was significantly improved by the treatment of turnip. Based on these findings, it is presumed that ethanol extract of turnip may have the hepatoprotective effect on d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity rat.

순무가루를 첨가한 순무김치의 항산화 활성 및 대장암세포(HT-29) 항암효과

권국원,강순아,Kwon, Kook Won,Kang, Soon Ah 한국식품영양학회 2022 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.35 No.5

In this study, the quality characteristics of kimchi, such as its salinity, pH, and acidity, were measured and compared, and the HT-29 human colon cancer cells were used to show the anticancer effects of kimchi. The kimchi samples used herein included standard kimchi (SK), turnip kimchi (TK), and turnip-powder-added kimchi (TPK). The measured pH and acidity of TK and TPK showed no significant differences with those of SK. Compared to SK and TK, TPK had higher DPPH scavenging activity and higher total flavonoid content, confirming its antioxidant activity. The cancer cell growth inhibition rates of TK and TPK were significantly higher than that of SK. In HT-29 cells treated with TPK, the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptosis-related gene, was lower, and the mRNA expressions of the apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bad, and caspase-9 were higher. TPK showed significantly higher levels of mRNA expressions for the cell-cycle-related genes p53 and p21 than the other samples, in addition to suppression effects on cancer cell proliferation. Compared to SK, TK and TPK suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells and showed higher anticancer effects. Therefore, it is shown that kimchi with added turnip powder had high anticancer effects.