A Healthy Beverage Consumption Pattern Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Abnormalities in Korean Adults

이경원,신다연 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.9

As the use of beverages in diets is increasing, several studies have examined the effect of beverage consumption in human health. Thus, we aimed at identifying specific beverage patterns and determining their associations with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors in Korean adults. Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2012 data, 19,800 Korean adults (≥20 years) with a single 24-h dietary recall and health examination data were investigated. All beverage items consumed by participants were categorized into 15 beverage groups based on the KNHANES coding system. Three major beverage consumption patterns were identified according to factor analysis: (1) the “healthy beverage” (high intake of dairy products, 100% fruit/vegetable juices and low intake of alcoholic beverages); (2) the “sugar-sweetened beverage” (high intake of soda, sweetened coffee/tea, and fruit drink); and (3) the “unsweetened beverage” (high intake of unsweetened coffee) patterns. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the odds of obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and MetS (defined by National Cholesterol Education Program III [NCEP III]) for each beverage pattern after controlling for covariates. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of the “healthy beverage” pattern with risks of obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated triglycerides, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and blood pressure (BP) were 0.88 (0.79–0.98), 0.83 (0.74–0.92), 0.88 (0.78–0.99), 0.85 (0.79–0.98), and 0.81 (0.72–0.92), respectively. AORs (95% CIs) of associations of the “sugar-sweetened beverage” pattern with risks of abdominal obesity, elevated FBG and BP were 1.15 (1.03–1.30), 1.14 (1.01–1.29), and 1.18 (1.04–1.33), respectively. However, no associations were found between the “unsweetened beverage” pattern and any parameters examined. Intake of healthy beverages should be encouraged to reduce risks of obesity and metabolic abnormalities; however, individuals who consume sugar-sweetened beverages should be advised on the adverse effects of those beverages on the risk of obesity and MetS.

수술후 Carbohydrate Beverage(탄수화물보충음료) 섭취와 PONV (Post Operate Nausea & Vomiting)와의 관계

최윤정,김근영,안소라,강동백,이정균,강은주,한경조,박원철 한국정맥경장영양학회 2015 한국정맥경장영양학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

배경 및 목적: 수술 전에는 통상적으로 평균 8시간 내외의 금식이 시행되고 있는 데, 수술 대기시간이 지연될수록 금식기간도 함께 길어져 이 기간 동안 환자들은 공복과 갈증에 대한 불편함이 커지게 된다. 또한, 수술 후 금식기간의 지속과 수술 후 투여되는 무통제에 의한 오심, 구토 증상이 발생되어 무통제를 중단하는 경 우가 발생되기도 하며, 이러한 상황으로 회복과정에 문제를 일으키기도 한다. 이에, Carbohydrate Beverage 섭취가 수술 후 오심, 구토 증상에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 환자들의 수술 후 회복에 기여하는지 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 프로토콜 적용 후 2014년 1월부터 2015년 5월까지 대장암 수술을 받은 환자 40명을 대상으로 이 중 남자 29명, 여자 11명, 연령별로는 10대(1명), 20대(1명), 40대(1명), 50~60대(22명), 70~80대(14명), 90대(1명)을 조사 하였다. 수술 후 일반적인 식사에 도달할 때까지 Carbohydrate Beverage를 섭취한 경우, 식욕촉진제를 요구한 환자와 Carbohydrate Beverage를 섭취하지 않은 경우, 식욕 촉진제를 요구한 환자를 비교 하였고, POA 투여시 발생되는 오심, 구토 증상을 나 타내는 환자와 나타내지 않은 환자를 비교 분석하였으며, Carbohydrate Beverage 를 섭취한 환자를 대상으로, 설문지를 이용하여 만족도 조사를 실시하였다. 결과: 수술을 받은 후, Carbohydrate Beverage를 섭취한 환자 40명중, 식욕촉진제를 요구한 환자는 13명으로 32.5%로 나타났다. 수술 후 Carbohydrate Beverage를 섭취한 환자 40명중 POA투여 환자는 32명(80%) 를 차지하였고, POA투여 환자 32 명중 오심증상이 있는 환자는 5명(16%), 오심증상이 없는 환자는 27명 (84%)을 차지하였다. 그 외 Carbohydrate Beverage 섭취 환자 8명(20%)은 POA 투여는 없었으나 오심증상이 는 환자가 1명, 그 외 7명은 오심증상을 나타내지 않았다. 또한, 수술 후 Carbohydrate Beverage 섭취 만족도조사 결과, ‘제품의 맛이 좋음’이 매우 그렇다(32.5%), 그렇다(30%), 그렇지 않다(25%), 매우 그렇지 않다 (12.5%)로 맛에 대한 만족도가 높았고, Carbohydrate Beverage 섭취 후 ‘오심 증상 있음’이 매우 그렇다(15%), 그렇다(7.5%), 그렇지 않다(35%), 매우 그렇지 않다(42.5%), Carbohydrate Beverage 섭취 후 ‘구토 증상 있음’이 매우 그렇다(7.5%), 그렇다 (5%), 그렇지 않다(42.5%), 매우 그렇지 않다(45%)로 오심, 구토 증상이 없음이 매우 높게 나타났다, 맛이 없음과 오심, 구토 증상에 대한 불편감을 호소하는 환자의 대부분은 제품의 맛이 너무 달다고 하였다. 수술 후 ‘물만 섭취가 좋음’이 매우 그렇다(22.5%), 그렇다(12.5%), 그렇지 않다(45%), 매우 그렇지 않다(45%)로 만족도 가 낮았으며, 수술 후 ‘물과 Carbohydrate Beverage섭취를 같이하는 것이 좋음’이 매우 그렇다(35%), 그렇다(30%), 그렇지 않다(12.5%), 매우 그렇지 않다(22.5%)로 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 결론: Carbohydrate Beverage의 섭취가 통계학적으로는 PONV에 의미 있는 영향을 주지는 않았으나, 수술 후 발생되는 PONV (Post Operate Nausea & Vomiting)의 증상을 어느 정도 감소시킴으로서 환자의 수술 후 회복에 기여함을 알 수 있었고, 이로 인한 빠른 퇴원과 환자 만족도를 높일 수 있었다.

Caries Activity and Salivaty pH after intalking several kinds of beverages

Hwang, Sun-young 대한임상예방치과학회 2008 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.4 No.1

Objectives : The authors have performed the clinical test for beverages influenced to caries activity. Methods : 30 volunteers age in 20S to 40S were participated for the study for 4 days by Modified Snyder Test and salivary pH test before and 3 or 30 minutes after the beverage, YoKurt and 33% Xylitol solution were used as the selected beverages, and the results of Modified Snyder Test and salivary pH were measured to compare each others. Results: The average score of Modified Snyder Test on 48 hours incubation was lover in Xylitol solution intake group than those of the other groups, both in 3 and 30 minute's after drinking each beverage. The average score of the 3day's sum of the results for Modified Snyder test was lower in Xylitol solution intake group than those of the other group (p<0.05), both in 3 and 30 minute's after drinking each beverage. pH level was higher in Xylitol solution intake group than those of other groups, both in 3 minutes and 30 minutes after drinking each beverage. pH level of Yogurt intake group was revealed as higher those of the results of the group in 3 minutes after Cola and Alkaline beverage intke (p<0.05) and in 30 minutes after Alcaline beverage intake. Conclusion: It was recommended to use Xylitol contained beverage and to limit to use the beverages, in order to prevent the dental caries.

전남 지역 일부 대학생의 음료섭취실태와 관련요인 연구

정은주 ( Eun-ju Jung ),박인숙 ( In-suk Park ) 한국치위생학회 2016 한국치위생학회지 Vol.16 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the beverage consumption and related factors of undergraduates in Jeonnam. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 480 undergraduates in Jeonnam from June 1 to 15, 2016 based on convenience sampling. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, beverage intake frequency, and awareness of beverage. Results: Carbonated beverage intake was 3.05 times per week and five kinds of beverage consumption was 12.48 times per week. Higher beverage intake was closely related to male students, higher beverage purchase, and lower awareness toward oral health impact by beverage and sugar contents. Conclusions: The recognition level of beverage related to oral health had an impact on the frequency of drink intake. It is necessary to educate the dietary guide for appropriate oral health management in beverage intake.

충남 일부 지역 초등학생의 음료 섭취 실태 조사 연구

박은혜,배윤정,김순경,김명희,최미경 한국식품영양학회 2011 한국식품영양학회지 Vol.24 No.3

The purpose of this study was to estimate beverage consumption frequency and determine related problems of elementary school students in Chungnam. The survey was conducted with 488 students(boys=230, girls=258) using a questionnaire. The average age of the students was 10.1 years old, thir average height and weight were 145.1 ㎝ and 39.5 ㎏, respectively and the obesity index was -1.3%. The frequencies for breakfast, lunch and dinner were 5.8 times/week, 6.7 times/week and 6.4 times/week, respectively. Regarding the frequency of snacks, high response rates for ‘once/day’(38.3%) and ‘none’(30.5%) were observed. Nutrition label on beverages were identified rarely(39.1%), nearly never(19.7%), and never(12.9%). The choice factors in selecting beverage were taste, nutrition, and price. For the type of snack most often consumed, fruit or juice was 25.8%, snack items were 25.2%, bread was 24.8%, dairy products were 7.6%, beverages were 7.0%, noddles were 6.2%, and rice cakes were 3.5%. The kinds of favorite beverages were carbonated drinks(30.3%), functional drinks (24.4%) and milk and yoghurt(23.8%), and main reason for the choice of beverage was “it tastes good”. For the point of time that students wanted to drink a beverage, “when I feel thirsty” appeared most often for dairy products and beverages and the next most frequent answer was “after exercise”. Therefore it may be necessary to administer systematic nutritional education on perception on nutrition fact label of beverage. And it is thought that plan for proper beverage consumption in elementary school students may be established.

유형별 기능성 음료섭취가 최대운동부하에 따른 심폐기능, 에너지 소비량 및 회복기 혈중 젖산에 미치는 영향

김찬회(Kim Chan-Hoi) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

This study is to examine the effect of the functional beverage ingestion on the cardiopulmonary functions and blood lactate by the maximal load of the exercise, and to analyze the difference of the functional variation and the thickness of blood lactate in 30-minute, 20-minute, 10-minute after exercise, right after, during, and before exercise for each group with the ingestion slowly of electrolyte beverage, catechin beverage, and purified mineral water for 300㎖ during 1 minute for 30 minutes before exercise. The results of this study are as follows. As same as the above mentioned, the ingestion of the catechin beverage is more efficient than the electrolyte beverage, in order to remove the lactate in 20- minute after exercise, but the electrolyte beverage is more efficient for reaching to the stability level than catechin beverage. For cardiopulmonary function, the group among ingesting the purified mineral water, catechin beverage, and electrolyte beverage all shows no significant differences. On this situation, it is considered that the effect of ingesting beverage would not influence to cardiopulmonary functions by means of ingesting beverages in 30 minutes before the maximal exercise load, and considered that the before maximal exercise load through the ingestion of beverages would be continued in a long period of time as well.

일부 청소년에서 음료섭취, 식행동, 인성과의 관련성 연구

허은실(Eun Sil Her),이경혜(Kyung Hea Lee),배은영(Eun Young Bae),류은순(Eun Soon Lyu) 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.2

This study investigated the influences of the beverage intake on food behavior and personality for 1295 adolescents. The results were as follows. The favorite beverage was ``fruit juice``, and preference of ``coffee`` was the lowest. ``Milk and dairy product`` was highest and ``milkshake`` was lowest in intake frequency of beverage. The preference correlated positively(r=0.391) with the intake frequency of beverage, especially high in ``green tea and black tea``(r=0.622), ``coffee``(r=0.581), ``carbonated drink``(r=0.538), and ``milk and dairy product``(r=0.501). The explanation power(R2) of beverage preference on beverage intake was 0.153. The explanation power(R2) of beverage intake on food behavior was 0.127, and ``carbonated drink`` and ``coffee`` as well as ``milkshake`` had a negative influence on food behavior: however, ``milk and dairy product``, ``green tea and black tea``, and ``fruit juice`` had a positive influence on food behavior. The relationship of beverage intake and sociality was very low(R2= 0.013), and ``isotonic drink`` and ``green tea and black tea`` had a positive influence on sociality. The relationship between beverage intake and anger expression was also very low. ``Coffee`` showed a positive relationship with anger-in. ``Carbonated drink`` and ``milkshake`` showed a positive result with anger-out. ``Milkshake`` showed a negative relation with anger-control, but ``green tea and black tea`` and ``milk and dairy product`` showed a positive relation. From these results, it was necessary to develop the practical nutritioneducation program on proper beverage choice for adolescents leading to better metal and physical status. (Korean J Community Nutrition 13(2) : 189~198, 2008)

대학생들의 음료 소비실태 및 이미지 조사 연구

박모라 동아시아식생활학회 1999 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.9 No.4

In order to investigate consumption pattern and image of beverage, this study was performed by using questionnaire based on stratified random sampling about 200 students from September 6, 1999 to September 18, 1999. The result was as followings: 1. For the reasons of each beverage consumption, coke, soda pop and sport drinks were for quenching thirst. And coffee and juices were for dessert and milk· yoghurts, dietary beverages, green tea and ginseng tea were for health. 2. For the priority in selecting each beverage, trademark was dominant factor for choosing coke. And the dominant factor of choosing milk·yoghurts and ginseng tea was nutrition and in case of other beverages taste was the first factor. 3. For the place of taking beverages, coffee, coke and sport drinks were mainly consumed in school and milk·yoghurt and juices in home. 4. The college students loved or liked milk·yoghurt and juices, and they liked or enjoyed coke, soda pop, sport drinks and green tea moderately, and enjoyed ginseng tea and black tea moderately or disliked them. 5. For the frequency of each beverage, many of them consumed coffee and milk· yoghurt once or twice a day, and consumed coke, soda pop, sport drinks and juices once or twice a week. And they answered that they did not consume dietary beverages, green tea, ginseng tea and black tea so often. 6. There was significant correlation with frequency of drinking and preference score of beverage. 7. For the consumption of the Korean traditional beverages, more than 50% of the subjects had no experience in taking sangwha tea, omiza tea, and Kugiza tea. Among them, many answered that they would try the Korean traditional beverages, if they had an opportunity, and that their price was moderate. 8. The results from the analysis of the image of those beverages were as followings: ① Coffee, coke, sport drinks and dietary beverages had a modern image and green tea, ginseng tea and black tea had a traditional image. ② Coke, sport drinks and ginseng tea had a manly image and juices, dietary beverages, green tea and black tea had a womanlike image. ③ The students recognized coffee, coke, milk·yoghurt, sport drinks, juices, dietary beverages and green tea to be daily and catholic. ④ Milk·yoghurt, juices, dietary beverages, green tea, ginseng tea and black tea were recognized to be good for health and coffee and coke bad for health. ⑤ Coffee, coke, soda pop, sport drinks, juices and green tea were slightly concerned with a change. ⑥ Coke, soda pop and sport drinks had a dynamic image and coffee, juices, green tea, ginseng tea and black tea had a little static image.

여성의 우유음료 섭취 실태 및 이에 영향을 주는 요인에 관한 연구

손경희,민성희,이민준,이현주 한국식품영양학회 2000 한국식품영양학회지 Vol.13 No.5

This study was performed to investigate the frequency of dairy beverage consumption and factors which affect the dairy beverage consumption of women. The subjects were 1,012 females living in Seoul. They preferred milk, yakult. flavored milk, liquid yogurt, semi-solid yogurt, and low fat milk in order of frequency. The consumption of the dairy beverage was not related to season. The respondents knew that the dairy beverages were nutritious and good for their health. More than fifty percent of them answered that dairy beverages tasted good. The consumption of milk and yakult were related with their occupation, habitual aspect, and practical factors. The consumption of liquid yogurt was affected by their family income, habitual aspect, practical factors and familarity with that beverage. The consumption of semi-solid yogurt was affected by their family income, health status, habitual aspect, and practical factors. The consumption of most beverages were affected by the recognition of those beverages rather than by socio-demographic factors. In order to enough drink dairy beverage, nutritional education messages should encourage consumption of dairy beverages. Policies that make students access dairy beverages at school should be promoted.

무라벨 친환경 패키지디자인을 활용과 탄산음료 브랜드인지도에 관한 연구- 한국 소비자의 브랜드 인지도 중심으로 -

왕의난,최원재 사단법인 한국브랜드디자인학회 2023 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.21 No.1

With the widespread use of plastics, plastic pollution has become a worldwide problem. Among them, plastic packaging accounts for about 42% of waste plastics. Plastic PET bottles are often used in carbonated beverage packaging. To make PET bottles easier to recycle, many carbonated drink brands use eco-friendly packaging and label-free PET bottles. Therefore, this study takes Korean carbonated beverages as the object, assuming that the packaging design of carbonated beverages currently being produced and sold does not use labels, and investigates how consumers distinguish carbonated beverage brands without labels. And on this basis, we try to find out the design elements of the brand identity of unlabeled carbonated drinks. First, the packaging design of carbonated beverages in Korea is analyzed in the context of no label. Second, the survey and analysis of consumers' awareness of the three elements of unlabeled carbonated beverages (bottle shape, cork, and beverage color). Third, based on the results of the investigation, the plastic bottle design and improvement plan of the label-free carbonated beverage was proposed. According to the research results, unlabeled carbonated beverages will cause a decline in the awareness of consumers of all ages to a certain extent. In the case of no label, consumers are more sensitive to the color of the beverage, and judge the approximate brand by the color of the beverage. In terms of packaging, consumers are more aware of the color of the bottle cap, that is, the brand color, than the shape of the bottle. 플라스틱의 광범위한 사용으로 플라스틱 오염은 전 세계적인 문제가 되었다. 그 중 플라스틱 포장은 플라스틱 폐기물의 약 42%를 차지한다. 플라스틱 페트병은 탄산음료 포장에 자주 사용된다. 페트병을 보다 쉽게 ​​재활용할 수 있도록 많은 탄산음료 브랜드는 친환경 패키지디자인과 무라벨 페트병을 사용한다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재 생산 및 판매되고 있는 탄산음료의 패키지 디자인이 라벨을 사용하지 않는다는 가정 하에 한국산 탄산음료를 대상으로 하여 소비자들이 무라벨 탄산음료 브랜드를 어떻게 구분하는지 알아보고자 한다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 무라벨 탄산음료의 브랜드 인지 디자인적 요소를 찾아내고자 한다. 첫째, 국내 탄산음료의 패키지 디자인을 무라벨 배경에서 분석하였다. 둘째, 무라벨 탄산음료의 3요소(병의 형태, 마개 색상, 음료 색상)에 대한 소비자 브랜드 인지도 조사 및 분석. 셋째, 조사 결과를 바탕으로 무라벨 탄산음료의 페트병 디자인 및 개선 방안을 제안하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 무라벨 탄산음료는 전 연령대 소비자의 인식을 어느 정도 저하시킨다. 무라벨 경우 소비자는 음료의 색상에 더 민감하며, 음료의 색상으로 대략적인 브랜드를 판단하게 된다. 포장에 있어 소비자들은 병의 형태보다 병마개의 색상, 즉 브랜드 색상을 더 많이 인지한다.