일본 중소 제조기업의 DX를 활용한 생산성 향상 전략

한광희(Kwang-Hee Han) 한일경상학회 2023 韓日經商論集 Vol.101 No.-

Purpose: Digital technologies, which have played a major role in driving the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, are now not only a means of maximizing their competitiveness to small and medium manufacturing companies, but also use them to deepen their ties with related parties such as producers, suppliers, and consumers. Therefore, these digital technologies make it possible to create new values and higher values for small and medium manufacturing companies in Japan today. The purpose of this paper is to focus on what is the fundamental purpose of promoting digital transformation by small and medium Japanese manufacturing companies in recent years, and what are the effects of promoting such digital transformation. In addition, the characteristic that appears in the process of developing digital transformation by introducing such digital technology to its management activities is to analyze cases using the operation model of digital transformation. Research design, data, and methodology: Based on previous studies so far, this study presents a DX operation analysis model of Japanese small and medium manufacturing companies to identify and analyze the characteristics of Japanese small and medium manufacturing companies’ introduction and operation of DX in their production activities, and focuses on the cases of small and medium manufacturing companies corresponding to the three types in such models. Results: In order to enable Japanese small and medium manufacturing companies to develop production activities suitable for the new digital era amid rapidly changing environmental changes in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, above all, a change in the business model is required to maximize the productivity and added value of their products. Through the DX operation cases of small and medium manufacturing companies in Japan, we were able to see how effectively and efficiently they are coping with the challenges related to productivity improvement and technology succession, which were their ultimate problems, by using digital technologies such as IoT, AI, big data, and cloud. Implications: Since the problem of low birth rate and aging population is emerging as a serious social problem in Korea, the technology succession problem related to the manufacture of molds by skilled engineers in Japanese small and medium manufacturing companies is thought to be a phenomenon that may soon occur in Korea. Therefore, the various DX operation cases of small and medium manufacturing industries in Japan have great implications for small and medium manufacturing companies in Korea.

The Usage Needs and Adoption Intention of Manufacturing Big Data Technology in Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Companies

김지대,송영욱,조완섭 한국기업경영학회 2016 기업경영연구 Vol.23 No.5

Considerable attention has been paid to smart manufacturing which utilizes manufacturing big data technology. Previous studies on the utilization of manufacturing big data have mainly focused on large corporations or conglomerates. For example, they can quickly develop vaccine through big data or successfully use big data in predicting the situation in which the parts of their product may experience breakdown. However, the small and medium-sized manufacturing companies(SMMCs) are facing difficulties in realizing and predicting their need for utilizing manufacturing big data technology. It is difficult to implement technology of which the usage needs are unclear. For this reason, only 25% of firms are reported to utilize the big data technology. The purpose of this paper is to identify the underlying needs for manufacturing big data in the context of SMMCs and to assess the extent to which those needs are related to the intention to adopt the manufacturing big data technology. Additionally, this study is designed to identify which companies have higher level of usage needs of the manufacturing big data technology This study comprehensively reviewed previous literature and conducted in-depth interviews with three domestic manufacturing firms in order to understand potential usage needs of SMMCs for the manufacturing big data technology. This study developed the following three big dimensions of manufacturing big data usage need based on the comprehensive review of literature and interview - (1) traditional production needs(cost, quality, flexibility, delivery), (2) social responsibility needs(environmental protection and safety), and (3) customer service-oriented new business development needs. Also, this study suggested the following two driving factors positively influencing the needs - (1) competition and (2) information technology capabilities. This study developed a research model that presents two driving factors → three dimensions of usage needs of manufacturing big data → adoption intention of manufacturing big data technology. Further, this study conducted a survey with 200 SMMCs in order to empirically test the validity of the research model. The empirical test results were summarized as follows. First, the significant usage needs of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies for the manufacturing big data technology include (i) the need to improve production performances in terms of cost, quality, flexibility, and delivery, and (ii) the need to improve social responsibility performances in the areas of environmental protection and safety. These needs were found to be significantly correlated with the intention of SMMCs to adopt the manufacturing big data technology. However, SMMCs do not want to use manufacturing big data to develop a customer service-oriented new business model. Second, competition was correlated with the needs to utilize manufacturing big data to improve both production and social responsibility performances in a positive manner. Third, as in the case of competition, SMMCs with higher level of IT capabilities are likely to have stronger need to use manufacturing big data to increase their production and social responsibility performances. This study has following practical implications. First, the results of this study indicate that the intention of the SMMCs to adopt manufacturing big data technology are related to their needs to improve the performances in traditional production areas and social responsibility areas. These are the perceived purposes of the small and medium-sized companies to introduce the manufacturing big data technology. Therefore, Korean government research institutes or technical consulting firms have to develop appropriate manufacturing big data technologies to meet these purposes. For example, as small and medium-sized manufacturing companies do not introduce manufacturing big data technologies to develop a new business model that is customer service-oriented...

소공인의 실태와 활성화 과제

조봉현 국가안보전략연구원 2012 신안보연구 Vol.- No.172

Small manufacturing companies are the foundation of manufacturing growth. In this paper, and the reality of small manufacturing companies to analyze problems and new policy challenges will be studied. Small manufacturing companies made major contributions in the process of economic development. Nevertheless, as a small manufacturing companies increasingly alienated from the policy are losing vitality. Management know-how and techniques of small manufacturing companies(technology), they are disappearing. This will lower the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. Korea to become Strong national manufacturing, 300,000 small manufacturing companies should institute a policy of fostering. Small manufacturing company policy is separated from the SME policy should be operated independently. The growth of small manufacturing companies must be based on expanding. Innovative companies with high technology and management skills training should focus on. The field-oriented policy reform support system to support small-scale manufacturing companies will be strengthened. 본 연구는 제조업 성장의 기반이 되는 소공인의 중요성이 날로 커지는 상황에서 소공인의 실태와 문제점을 분석하고 활성화시킬 수 있는 정책과제를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 소공인은 경제개발 과정에서 그 영향력이 매우 컸음에도 불구하고, 최근 들어 도심개발에 밀리고, 정책의 사각지대에 놓이면서 점차 활력을 잃어가고 있다. 그동안 오랫동안 축적해 온 소공인의 유·무형적 경영 노하우 및 기법(기술)들이 사라지고 있어 제조 기반기술의 경쟁력 저하가 우려된다. 우리나라가 선진 제조업 강국으로 우뚝 서서, 글로벌 경제위기에도 흔들림 없이 지속적인 성장을 하기 위해서는 소공인 정책 비전을 설정하고, 중장기적인 실천계획을 마련하여 소공인 재창조시대를 열어 나가야 할 것이다. 30만 소공인이 제2창업 정신을 갖고 활력을 되찾도록 소공인 정책을 중소기업 및 소상공인 정책에서 분리하여 독립적인 소공인 지원 법적·제도적 기반을 구축하는 것이 중요하다. 소공인의 저력을 넓힐 수 있도록 성장기반을 확충하고, 기술 및 경영역량이 높은 혁신형 소공인을 집중 육성해 나가야 한다. 정책적 지원체계를 개편하여 지역 현장 밀착형 소공인 지원을 강화해 나가야 한다.

A Study on the Preparedness of the 4th Industrial Revolution in the Manufacturing Industry

성창용,박경수 한국산업경영시스템학회 2018 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.춘계

The 4th industrial revolution is in its progressive form, and its effects are already being revealed throughout society. It has led to a variety of new technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), big data, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, cyber-physical systems, biotechnology, 3D printers, drones, and Uber. The winds of this revolution are expected to bring many changes to the manufacturing industry. The low-growth global economy and a decline in productivity are prompting a 4th industrial revolution centered on Europe’s Germany, as it needed new growth engines. In Korea, manufacturing industries focused on labor and capital were the center of the industry. The goal was to pursue the first and second industrial revolution led by the developed countries, and to achieve what is called the “Miracle of the Han River”, “The Four Dragons for Asia”, and “The East Asian Miracle”. However, unlike the past, the 4th industrial revolution is not expected to bring about theoretical but substantial changes. The preparations and research into the 4th industrial revolution may seem to be ahead of the major countries, but unfortunately it is far behind the major ones. The United States, China, Germany and Japan are in the process of reorganizing the society, culture and economy in relation to the 4th industrial revolution. Korea`s economy, however, is showing a decline in the growth rate, with the exception of technical hardware and equipment and telecommunications. The 4th industrial revolution is an industry that requires highly specialized knowledge, information, and technology, and if it fails to respond to rapidly evolving technological changes and trends, it is bound to be relegated to the government's position. For small and medium sized manufacturers in particular, the longer the preparation is delayed due to poor environment, structural backwardness, lack of core competencies, and lack of innovation, the more likely they will adjust to social and technological changes caused by the 4th industrial revolution. Accordingly, it is necessary to enhance the importance of preparation for the 4th Industrial Revolution and to take strategic approaches to enhance the sophistication of technologies and the autonomy of small and medium sized manufacturing companies. In this study, we intend to study the manufacturing-ready effects of manufacturing industries based on the level of perception of the company’s 4th industrial revolution. For this purpose, 122 small and medium manufacturing companies were surveyed on the 4th industrial revolution. The survey was conducted for about four months from December 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. In the case of small and medium sized manufacturing companies, a hypothesis was established on how the perception and preparation of the industrial revolution affects the direct preparation of the 4th industrial revolution. Three assumptions were presented depending on the level of perception of the 4th industrial revolution and the data were drawn from the questionnaire. When comparing the data to the hypothesis, small and medium manufacturing companies should be able to determine the level of interest they have in the 4th Industrial Revolution, and if they are not prepared to do so, they should be able to invest in a certain extent.

경기도 제조업르네상스 추진전략 연구

김은경,남종석,조성철,김지혜 경기연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

Manufacturing is the driving force of the Korean economy and a key foundation for economic growth and an important job-creation industry. In order to maintain Korea"s status as a manufacturing powerhouse, the Manufacturing Renaissance aimed at strengthening manufacturing competitiveness is a proper policy. The purpose of this study is to derive the strategies, policy directions, and pilot projects of the Gyeonggi-do Manufacturing Renaissance in order to revitalize the local economy, create good jobs, strengthen manufacturing capacity and innovate manufacturing. In particular, this study attempts a new method of network analysis between enterprises in Gyeonggi-do to analyse the characteristics of Gyeonggi-do manufacturing ecosystem. The analysis of business transaction networks shows the strong vertical integration with specific anchor companies and the importance of manufacturing in the economy, with data showing that many manufacturing firms also influence the activities of service firms and form a close relationship between them. Therefore, in order for small and medium-sized enterprises to develop and grow, it is very important to establish a fair business ecosystem with these anchor companies. According to the analysis results, the vision of the Gyeonggi-do Manufacturing Renaissance can be set to ‘establishing a fair manufacturing ecosystem’. A fair manufacturing ecosystem can be achieved not only by tightening regulations on large companies, but also through innovation and capacity building of SMEs. The realization of the new economy is, after all, based on a fair local economic ecosystem, and the key is to build a fair manufacturing ecosystem. In addition, action plans for the realization of the Gyeonggi-do Manufacturing Renaissance are proposed, such as workplace innovation, creation of an industrial park ecosystem combining R & D and manufacturing, smartization of industrial parks, and designation of manufacturing week.

중소 제조기업의 조직문화가 직무만족과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향: 조직신뢰의 조절효과를 중심으로

정수철 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2024 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.24 No.1

This study attempted to suggest measures for human resource management within the organization by analyzing the organizational culture of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies that have recently suffered from a serious manpower shortage. To this end, we attempted to analyze the impact of organizational culture on organizational members' job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and to verify the moderating effect of organizational trust's role between organizational culture and organizational commitment. For empirical analysis, 430 samples were obtained targeting field employees of small and medium-sized manufacturers in the Busan and Gyeongnam regions. The empirical analysis results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, among the sub-elements of organizational culture, innovation-oriented culture, work-oriented culture, and class-oriented culture were found to have a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Second, the analysis of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment showed statistically significant positive results in the following order: work-centered culture, innovation-centered culture, and hierarchy-centered culture. Third, as a result of analyzing the impact of job satisfaction on organizational commitment, it was found to have a positive (+) effect. Fourth, it was analyzed that there is a moderating effect of organizational trust between organizational culture and organizational commitment. Therefore, it seems that more efforts are needed to improve the hierarchy-oriented culture that still exists in small and medium-sized manufacturing companies.

중장비부품 제조 중소기업 CEO의 진정성 리더십과 신뢰 및 직무만족의 관계

우성주,황찬규,송영우 한국융합과학회 2020 한국융합과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 중장비 부품 제조 중소기업 CEO의 진정성리더십이 신뢰 및 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 주된 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 2019년 8월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 약 5개월 동안 유의표집법을 적용하여 수집된 317개의 설문지를 중심으로 분석하였다. 연구 통계는 SPSS 20.0 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 진정성 리더십 3개요인, 신뢰 3개요인, 직무만족 단일요인 등으로 구성되었으며, Crombach Alpha 값은 .676~.922로 나타났다. 결과: 연구결과는 첫째, 진정성 리더십의 하위요인 중 자기규제와 관계적 투명성은 직무만족에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 진정성 리더십의 하위요인 중 자기규제와 관계적 투명성은 조직신뢰, 리더신뢰, 동료신뢰에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미치나 자아인식은 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 셋째, 신뢰의 하위요인 중 조직신뢰, 리더신뢰는 직무만족에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미친 반면, 동료신뢰는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않다. 넷째, 조직신뢰, 리더신뢰, 동료신뢰는 진정성리더십과 직무만족 사이에서 중요한 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 중장비 부품제조 중소기업 CEO의 자기규제와 관계적 투명성의 진정성 리더십을 발휘하여 기업 내의 신뢰를 향상 때 직무족도가 높아지므로 신뢰를 회복하고 향상시키기 위한 다양한 노력을 기울일 것을 제안합니다. Purpose: This study investigates how the authentic leadership of small and medium-sized heavy equipment manufacturing company’s CEO affects job satisfaction of organizational members through trust (organization, leader and peer). Methods: 317 responses, which had been collected from the employees of the small and medium-sized manufacturing companies via subjective sampling method for approximately five months from August 1, 2019 to December 31, were analyzed. The entered data processing was conducted using with SPSSWIN 20.0 program. Authentic leadership and trust consist of three subfactors and job satisfaction has no subfactor. Results: The findings of this study are as follows. Cronbach Alpha ranges from .676 to .922. First, Self-regulation and Relational fighting authentic leadership’s subfactors have a positive effect on job satisfaction. Second, Self-regulation and Relational fighting of authentic leadership have a positive effect on organizational trust, leader trust and peer trust, but Self-awareness has no positive effect thereon. Third, organizational trust and leader trust of trust’s subfactors have a positive effect on job satisfaction, while peer trust has no positive effect on job satisfaction. Fourth, organizational trust, leader trust and peer trust have a mediating effect between authentic leadership and job satisfaction. Conclusion: When small and medium-sized heavy equipment manufacturing company’s CEO shows his Self-regulation and Relational fighting of authentic leadership’s subfactors and increases the trust in the company, job satisfaction increases. Hence, this suggests that various kinds of efforts to restore and increase trust.

기술준비도와 혁신저항모델을 활용한 우리나라 중소 제조 기업의 스마트 팩토리로의 전환 제고 방안에 대한 연구

박찬권,이용규 한국기업경영학회 2022 기업경영연구 Vol.29 No.3

This study is to overcome the innovation resistance that resists or delays the transition to the smart factory of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies in Korea and the introduction of related technologies, and to prepare alternatives to respond to this. was used for the study. The purpose of this study is to suggest a way to more actively implement the conversion of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies to a smart factory and acceptance of related technologies. To this end, a questionnaire was prepared using prior studies using the technology readiness and innovation resistance model, and questionnaire data were collected and utilized from 130 small and medium-sized manufacturing companies. In addition, the reliability and validity of each research item were tested, and the research hypothesis was tested using the path analysis method. The results of testing the research hypothesis are as follows. First, as a test of hypothesis H1, the positive factor of technology readiness has a significant positive (+) effect on relative advantage and suitability, and a negative (-) significant effect on complexity and perceived risk. As a test of hypothesis H2, the negative factor of technical readiness had a negative (-) effect on relative advantage and suitability, but was not significant. It also has a significant positive (+) effect on complexity and perceived risk. As a test of hypothesis H3, relative advantage and suitability have a negative (-) significant effect on innovation resistance, but perceived risk has a positive (+) effect on innovation resistance. As a test of hypothesis H4, innovation resistance has a negative (-) significant effect on the intention to accept technology. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome innovation resistance through adjustment of these factors.

스마트 팩토리로의 전환에 있어서 기술준비도가 통합기술수용요인에 미치는 영향: 중소 제조 기업을 중심으로

이용규 한국산업경영시스템학회 2022 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.45 No.3

The purpose of this study is to suggest a plan to improve the level of acceptance of related technologies and the transition to smart factories of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises by using ‘technology readiness’ and ‘integrated technology acceptance model’. To this end, the research hypothesis was verified by collecting questionnaire data from 130 small and medium-sized manufacturing companies in Korea and conducting path analysis. First, optimism affects performance expectations, social influence, and facilitation conditions, innovation affects performance expectations, effort expectations, and social influence, discomfort affects performance expectations, social influence, and facilitation conditions, and anxiety affects effort expectations, social influence and facilitation conditions. has been proven to affect Finally, performance expectations, effort expectations, social influence, and facilitation conditions were verified to have a significant positive effect on the intention to accept technology.

중소 제조업체의 스마트공장 인지정도에 따른 구축 현황 분석

성창용(Changyong Sung) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.9

4차 산업혁명의 시대로 전환이 되면서 기술, 사회, 문화 등 전반적인 변화의 움직임이 점점 다양화되고 있다. 또한 이러한 변화로 인하여 관련 분야들이 기술적으로 복잡해지고 있으며 이와 관련한 경쟁도 치열해지고 있다. 그 중에서 우리나라의 대표적인 중심산업이라고 볼 수 있는 제조업에서도 스마트공장을 중심으로 하여 변화의 바람이 불어오고 있다. 전문가들의 분석과 기업에서의 의견을 들어보면, 제조업 분야에서의 경쟁력을 갖추기 위해서는 스마트공장의 도입이 필요하다는 의견이 많다. 본 연구에서는 중소 제조업체들의 스마트공장에 대한 인지정도에 따른 영향을 설문을 통해 분석하였으며 이를 통해 인지정도, 진행상태, 필요지원 사항을 객관적으로 파악하고자 하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 스마트공장 구축에 대한 필요성 및 관련 내용 인지 정도는 매우 높은 편으로 나타났다. 구축 예정 또는 실행단계정도 설문에서는 구축 계획이 없다는 기업보다 구축예정, 실행단계, 기구축 등이 압도적으로 많이 나왔다. 구축 관련 주요 애로사항으로는 자금문제가 가장 높았으며 스마트공장을 성공적으로 구축하기 위해서는 사전 검토단계가 가장 중요하다는 결과를 도출했다. 따라서 스마트공장 구축을 위해서는 자금적인 지원이 가장 필요하며 지원금액에 대한 상향조정, 사전 검토를 위한 공급업체와의 매칭과 컨설팅 확대의 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 현재 국내에서도 스마트공장과 관련한 지원사업이 확대되고 있다. 따라서 중소 제조기업들을 위한 스마트공장 가이드라인을 구체화 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구결과가 스마트공장을 도입하고자 하는 중소 제조업체들의 성공적인 구축을 위한 자료로 활용되길 바란다. With the transition to the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, movements of overall change, including technology, society and culture, are becoming increasingly diverse. Among these, even the manufacturing industry, which can be regarded as Korea"s leading core industry, is also seeing great changes centered on smart factories. Expert analyses and corporate opinions suggest that smart factories are needed to be competitive in the manufacturing sector. In this study, the impact of small and medium manufacturers" awareness regarding smart factories was analyzed through a survey. The results showed that the need for smart plant construction and the degree of awareness regarding this was very high. In a survey of the planned or implemented level, more companies were expected to deploy, implement, and reduce instruments than those that did not have a plan to build smart factories. The main difficulties involved in deployment were funding problems and the results of the preliminary review phase were derived in order to successfully build a smart factory. Therefore, financial support was most needed to build smart factories, and a need to upgrade the support amount, match it with suppliers for a preliminary review and expand consulting was found.