http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area
Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5
We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.
Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area
Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Ki-In,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Deok-hyun,Kim, Tae-Seung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5
We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.
Yun, In-Gyeong,Ahn, Sun-Hee,Yoon, Weon-Jong,Kim, Chang Sook,Lim, Yun Kyong,Kook, Joong-Ki,Jung, Seunggon,Choi, Choong-Ho,Lee, Tae-Hoon MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.9
<P>Periodontal disease, a chronic disease caused by bacterial infection, eventually progresses to severe inflammation and bone loss. Regulating excessive inflammation of inflamed periodontal tissues is critical in treating periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) is primarily a connective tissue attachment between the root and alveolar bone. PDL fibroblasts (PDLFs) produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to bacterial infection, which could further adversely affect the tissue and cause bone loss. In this study, we determined the ability of <I>Litsea japonica</I> leaf extract (LJLE) to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production in PDLFs in response to various stimulants. First, we found that LJLE treatment reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) mRNA and protein expression in PDLFs without cytotoxicity. Next, we observed the anti-inflammatory effect of LJLE in PDLFs after infection with various oral bacteria, including <I>Fusobacterium nucleatum</I>, <I>Porphyromonas gingivalis</I>, <I>Treponema denticola</I>, and <I>Tannerella forsythia</I>. These anti-inflammatory effects of LJLE were dose-dependent, and the extract was effective following both pretreatment and posttreatment. Moreover, we found that LJLE suppressed the effect of interleukin-1 beta-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in PDLFs. Taken together, these results indicate that LJLE has anti-inflammatory activity that could be exploited to prevent and treat human periodontitis by controlling inflammation.</P>
자궁내막증에서 Cyclins-CDKs 와 CDKIs에 의한 세포주기 조절경로에 관한 연구
정경아 ( Jeong Gyeong A ),박기현 ( Park Gi Hyeon ),윤현숙 ( Yun Hyeon Sug ),윤정미 ( Yun Jeong Mi ),손우현 ( Son U Hyeon ),배상욱 ( Bae Sang Ug ),김영태 ( Kim Yeong Tae ),이병석 ( Lee Byeong Seog ),서경 ( Seo Gyeong ),김세광 ( Ki 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.2
Objective : To determine whether oxidants are formed as part of the cisplatin-induced apoptotic process, intracellular markers of oxidative stress were examined. Methods : Apoptotic death of HeLa cells by cisplatin was confirmed by flow cytometry. Results : The pre-treatment with glutathione (GSH) significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced apoptosis through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and diminished caspases-3 and 9 protease activity. Furthermore, z-VAD-fink, an inhibitor of pan-caspase, effectively inhibited the activation of caspases and prevented apoptosis by cisplatin, although cisplatin-induced ROS generation was not attenuated. Conclusion : These data indicate that ROS may play a role as an upstream mediator of caspases. Taken together, our results suggest that oxidative stress mediates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells.