FDTD Modeling for the Accurate Electromagnetic Wave Analysis of Graphene

Yeon‑Hwa Kim,Hongjin Choi,Jeahoon Cho,Kyung‑Young Jung 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

We develop a fnite-diference time-domain (FDTD) method suitable for the electromagnetic (EM) analysis of graphene. In this work, we employ the modifed Lorentz model for dispersion modeling, the two-dimensional (2-D) sheet model for geometrical modeling, and the complex-frequency-shifted (CFS)-perfectly matched layer (PML) for the absorbing boundary condition. In specifc, the accurate complex-conjugate pole-residue (CCPR) dispersion model is frst adapted for the electrical modeling of graphene by using the robust vector ftting. Next, the CCPR parameters are converted to the modifed Lorentz parameters and then the modifed Lorentz-based dispersive FDTD formulation is used to enhance the computational efciency. In FDTD cell modeling, the 2-D sheet cells are allocated for graphene rather than the conventional FDTD cell-based modeling. Finally, CFS-PML are employed for terminating the computational domain to avoid the late-time instability. The presented FDTD approach is validated in numerical examples for graphene-based parallel plate waveguides.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

청간소요산으로 호전된 설통 환자 3례

김연진,양승보,김정화,이상화,조승연,박성욱,박정미,고창남,Kim, Yeon-jin,Yang, Seung-bo,Kim, Jeong-hwa,Lee, Sang-hwa,Cho, Seung-yeon,Park, Seong-uk,Park, Jung-mi,Ko, Chang-nam 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: This clinical study reports the effects of Cheonggansoyo-san (CSS) on three patients with glossodynia. Methods: Three patients with glossodynia were treated with CSS (i.e., an herbal medicine) and acupuncture. Numeric rating scales (NRSs) for glossodynia and dry mouth and hwa-byung questionnaire scores were evaluated, and the results from heart rate variability (HRV) evaluations were analyzed. Results: After treatment with CSS, three patients' glossodynia symptoms, such as burning sensations, tingling, and numbness of the tongue, were improved. NRS ratings for glossodynia and dry mouth and the hwa-byung questionnaire scores also improved, and HRV parameters were closer to the normal range. Conclusion: Cheonggansoyo-san could be used to treat glossodynia.

Astromicin sulfate의 약동학 및 안전성 평가

정숙인,김연숙,오원섭,복혜숙,김명민,최경업,김연화,김성민,백경란,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2001 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.19 No.3

목적 : Astromicin은 aminoglycoside계 항생제와 유사한 화학구조와 특성을 지니고, 기존의 aminoglycoside와 유사하거나 향상된 임상효과 및 부작용을 지닌 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 astromicin의 약동학적 특성을 분석하고, astromicin 투여 환자를 대상으로 한국인에서 그 임상적 및 세균학적 효과와 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 약동학적 지표는 정상성인 남자를 대상으로 astromicin 200㎎을 30분간 정주한 후 24시간까지 혈장 및 뇨 검체를 수집하여 one-compartment open model에 따라 분석하였다. 중증으 세균감염이 있는 18세 이상의 환자를 대상으로 병용 또는 단독 투여한 후 임상적 효과와 세균학적 효과를 판정하였고, 치료전과 후의 순음청력검사와 혈청 크레아티닌으로 이독성과 신독성을 평가하였다. 결과 : 정상 성인 남자 12명을 대상으로 약동학적 지표를 평가하였고, 최고혈장농도는 투여 종료시점(C_(0))에서 16.87±1.68㎍/mL였으며, 반감기는 1.86±0.43 시간 이었고, AUC_(0-12h)은 38.12±10.57㎍ㆍhr/mL, Vd는 0.18±0.02L/㎏, CL은 5.25±2.07L/hr였다. 이러한 약동학적 지표는 다른 aminoglycoside와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 59명의 환자를 대상으로 시행한 임상적 효과 분석에서는 단독요법을 시행한 50명 중 임상적 치유율 94%, 세균학적 치유율 100%를 보였고, 순음청력검사를 시행한 48례의 환자중 의미있는 청력감소 소견은 관찰되지 않았으며, 신독성 또한 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : Astromicin의 약동학적 지표는 다른 aminoglycoside의 약동학적 지표와 비슷한 양상을 보이므로 향후 astromicin의 약물농도 감시에 있어서 다른 aminoglycoside의 치료적 약물 농도 감시 방법과 유사한 방법을 적용할 수 있으리라 기대된다. 또한 임상적 치유율이 우수하면서 신독성이나 이독성이 적어 세균 감염 환자의 치료에 있어서 단독 또는 병합 요법으로 비교적 안전하게 사용할 수 있으리라 생각된다. Astromicin(Fortimicin®) has some characteristics in common with other aminioglycoside antibiotics, although it has a unique chemical structure, which is different from them. This study was performed to elucidate the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of astromicin following single-dose intravenous infusion of 200 mg and to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of astromicin in Korean populations. PK parameters of astromicin were determined in 12 healthy volunteers (65.5±5.2㎏). The plasma and urine samples were collected up to 24hrs. PK variables were calculated by fitting individual concentration-time curves to a one-compartment open model. Plasma level at the end of infusion was 16.87?1.68 ㎍/mL and declined to 1.05±0.35 (㎍/mL 8hr later. The half-life was 1.86±0.43 hr. Apparent volume of distribution was 0.18±0.02 L/㎏g, and total body clearance was 5.25±2.07 L/hr. These values were similar to those of other aminioglycosides. Clinical efficacy and safety were eviuated in 59 patients with moderate to severe bacterial infections who needed parenteral antibiotics. Among 50 patients who recieved astromicin monotherapy, 49 (98%) had favorable clinical reponse and 28 (100%) had favorable bacteriological response. Serial audiograms revealed no change in all of 48 patients. No nephrotoxicity was observed in all patients. Conclusively, our data suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring of astromicin can be conducted in a similar fashion as other aminioglycosides and astromicin is a useful and safe antibiotic in the treatment of severe bacterial infections.

성인용 브래지어의 치수체계에 관한 실태조사 : 케이블 TV홈쇼핑 판매제품을 중심으로 focusing on products in Cable TV Home Shopping

정화연,서미아 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2003 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.21

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of size of adult women's brassieres sold in Cable TV Home-Shopping. For this purpose, the characteristics of the manufacture's size chart for brassieres were analyzed and compared with Korean Industrial Standard size chart. The results of this study show that 1. The main target age of underwear brand (especially PB brand) in Cable TV Home Shopping was adult women in their middle 30's to early 40's. 2. As a consequence of reviewing the production ratio of each brassiere cup size, that of "A" and "B" cup appeared in a ratio of 7 to 3. And the highest production ratio of "A" cup size was 45% (80A), followed by 35% (75A), 15% (85A), and 5% (90A) in their order. As for B cup size, 80B was 40%, 75B was 30%, 85B was 25%, 90B was 5%. 3. Cup sizes labeled on brassieres sold in Cable TV Home-Shopping were not consistent with revised cup sizes (KS K 0070:1999) and still all brassieres were labeled by former cup sizes (KS K 0070:1987). 4. In the case of underbust circumference and bust circumference, the manufacture's size chart was not consistent with Korean Industrial Standard size chart (KS K 0070:1999). That's why Korean Industrial Standard size chart is not taken into consideration for elastic materials. 5. There is no size chart based on the characteristics of volumes and shapes of the breasts in Korean Industrial Standard size chart. Therefore, we need to set up the method of deciding the cup sizes to make up for the problem of current brassiere sizing system

목운동에 따른 상반신 체표면 변화에 관한 연구

정화연,서미아 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2002 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.20

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in upper body surface lines caused by the neck movements. Experimental research was performed by gypsum method and the neck movements were consisted of 5 types (upright posture, bending down, bending backward, leaning a head to the right side, and leaning a head to the left side). The results were as follows; 1) As a result of investigating into the rate of the expansion and contraction of horizontal body surface lines, front shoulder line was moved to be inside and back shoulder line was moved to be upside. There was a negative correlation between c3∼d1 and d1∼d2. Generally, the most of front body surface lines were contracted and back lines were mostly expanded. In particular, the rate of changes in shoulder area was higher than other areas. 2) The result of the analysis of the vertical body surface lines, the length of the center back line was increased except the movement of bending backward and the length of the renter front line was decreased in the movement of bending down. 3) According to the variation rates of the body surfaces in length of standard lines, the rate of increase of the length was higher in the front than in the back. 4) According to comparative drawing of the shape of the neck, the shape of the neck in the movement of bending backward and leaning a head to the right side was hollowed than that of the movement of upright posture. But the movement of bending down and leaning a head to the left sloe was more flat. As has been observed, upper body parts whose measurements of body surface lines were differed significantly in the neck movements. Accordingly, the task of designing garments with good neck fitness should be achieved by taking the widen amount caused by the neck movements.

水分活性을 달리한 白米變溫貯藏中 포도당의 변화

정연화,전순실,김무남 新羅大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.34 No.1

A kinetical approach for the change of glucose in rice was studied. The rice was controlled at ??0.44, 0.55, 0.65, and 0.75 using saturated salt solutions and then stored at 30, 40, 50℃ and 30/50℃ alternately with 7days interval. The amount of glucose in the rice was increased by zero-order reaction during the earlier stage of storage and then decreased by first-order reaction. The reaction rates revealed a tend to increase with increasing water activities . The activation energies at ?? 0.44-0.75 were ranged 10.26-16.48Kcal/mole with increase in and 3.66-5.06Kcal/mole with decrease in the amount of glucose ?? values were ranged 1.70-2.34 with increase of glucose and 1.21-1.30 with decrease. The shelf-lives assessed at 25℃ from the accelerated shelf-life tests ranged from 112 days at ?? 0.75 to 163 days at ?? 0.44.

영아보육 일과에 나타난 질적 보육의 장애요인 분석

유연화,최경애,이정란 경복대학 2004 京福論叢 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 질적 연구를 통해 영아보육일과에 나타난 질적 보육의 장애요인을 분석함으로써 우리나라 영아보육 현장의 생태학적 특성을 이해하는데 목적이 있다. 보육시설의 질적 수준과 관련된 생태적 특성을 분석하기 위해 서울·경기 지역의 9개 보육시설을 참여관찰하고 영아반 교사와 시설장을 심층 면접하였다. 연구 결과, 협소한 보육실 등 물리적 환경의 열악함, 영아기 프로그램에 대한 이해 및 영아에게 적합한 교수전략의 부족, 지나치게 집단적인 교육과정 운영 및 일과지도, 비위생적인 건강관리태도, 영아용 실외놀이 환경의 부족, 보육교사의 열악한 근무 여건, 조기 학습에 대한 학부모의 압력 등이 관찰대상 영아보육 프로그램의 질을 저하시키는 장애요인으로 지적되었다. The purpose of this study is to understand the ecological characteristics of infant/toddler care program by analyzing major factors of barriers about the quality of infant/toddler care center. The main research consisted of the qualitative research, and 9 infant/toddler centers locate in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province. As findings of research, It pointed out some problems of infant/toddler care program which were observing target. It's problems were 1)lack of physical environment, specially small-crowded room, 2)lack of understand on the developmentally appropriate practice and instruction for infant/toddler care, 3)excessive grouping of activity and care, 4)unsuitable attitude of health care, 5)lack of out door environment for infant/toddler, 6)bad working condition of teachers, 7)negative attitude and pressure of parents toward ealy learning.

抗癌丹을 投與한 胃癌 患者 105例에 對한 臨床報告

유화승,최우진,이용연,서상훈,조정효,이연월,손창규,조종관 대전대학교 한방병원 2000 惠和醫學 Vol.9 No.2

Clinical studies were carried out 105 cases of patients with stomach cancer treated by Hangamdan(抗癌丹) from January 1th 1998 to September 30th 2000. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Distribution of those attached by stomach cancer, by sex, showed that Male is more then Female, by age, showed that the number of forties, fifties, sixties are majority. 2. Distribution of diagnostic stage, in descending order; stage Ⅲ(45.1%, top), stage Ⅳ(40.2%). 3. The effects of maintenance and improvement in the symptoms with traditional oriental therapy(77.8%) and combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(92.3%) were observed. The effects of the symptoms were as follows; abdominal pain (16.3%), general body weakness(10.5%), nausea&vomiting (8.6%), diarrhea(6.7%) and etc, in orders. 4. Analysis of hematology attached by stomach cancer, maintenance and increasing of WBC(89.4%), RBC(63.6%), Hgb(62.3%), Platelet(95.6%) were observed. After taken Hangamdan, the safety of the liver and kidney were as follows; maintenance and decreasing of AST(85.3%), ALT(91.6%), BUN(84.8%), Creatinine(92.4%) were observed. 5. Analysis of IL-12 and IFN-γ attached by stomach cancer, increasing of IL-12(39.1%), IFN-γ(69.6%) were observed. 6. Analysis of QOL attached by stomach cancer, maintenance and improvement of combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(91%), traditional oriental therapy(85.2%) were observed. 7. Analysis of survival in patients with Ⅳ stage of stomach cancer, above 6 months(17.1%), 12 months(85.2%) were observed. 8. Analysis of antitumor effects, maintenance of traditional oriental therapy(81.5%) and maintenance and improvement of combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(89.7%) were observed. Analysis of tumor marker attached by stomach cancer, maintenance of CEA(85.7%) were observed. 9. Analysis of curative valuation, maintenance and improvement of traditional oriental therapy(77.7%), combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(82.1%) were observed. From the above results, it is suggested that Hangamdan has significant effects of antitumor and immune activity, also could be usefully applied for stomach cancer patients by combination with western therapy or alone.

急性 骨髓性 白血病 患者 1例에 對한 臨床報告

조정효,유화승,최우진,이용연,서상훈,이연월,손창규,조종관 대전대학교 한방병원 2000 惠和醫學 Vol.9 No.2

AML is the most common type of leukemia in adults. AML(acute myeloid leukaemia) is characterised by a rapid accumulation of abnormal white blood cells in the blood and bone marrow, resulting in severe anemia, and possibly infection, and hemorrhage during the course of the disease. In general the prognosis of patient with relapsed AML is poor. At this time, however, the only potentially curative therapy for relapsed patients is allogeneic BMT(bone marrow transplantation). This clinical study were carried out 1 case of female patient aged 44 with relapsed AML treated by herb medicine. At the time of admission, she complained of mild fever, nausea, vomitting, abdominal pain, anorexia and no sign of bleeding. For the 10 days of admission, she was treated with Oriental-Western medicine and all the symptoms were disappeared. After that, the syptoms were aggravated because of secondary infection. Anyway, above result showed the possibility of Oriental therapy as Supportive Care in AML.