한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

위암 환자의 복강내 투여를 위한 Activated Charcoal-Alginate Bead 제형으로부터 Mitomycin C의 용출 거동

이진호,최선웅,서중기,김동민,정경수,오정연,김진향,노승무,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,강대영,송규상,양준묵,조준식,정현용,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherapy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. In this study, Mitomycin C (MMC)-activated charcoal (CH)-alginate (ALG) beads were prepared by the mixtures of CH particles adsorbed with MMC as an anti-cancer drug and aqueous alginate solution. The alginate is recognized as biodegradable, nontoxic, and biocompatible. The release of MMC from the beads in 0.1 M Tris buffer was stable and continuous until about 1 week. The MMC-CH-ALG beads can be applied in the peritoneal cavity for intraperitoneal chemotherapy since they provide a good adhesiveness on the tissue and controlled release pattern of the drugs.

조선음악, 조선음악가의 困難

정수진(Jung Soo-Jin) 한국민속학회 2005 韓國民俗學 Vol.41 No.-

본 연구는 식민지 시대를 거쳐 해방 공간까지 조선음악을 대표하는 음악인으로 살아간 합화진의 삶을 재조명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이 글에서는 그가 일생동안 조선음악을 대표하는 최고 권위자였던 점을 천착하고자 한다. 따라서 그의 삶에 대한 재조명은 그를 둘러싼 조선 음악과, 음악인들과의 관계, 예술이라는 근대 문화적 표상 속에서 그에게 열린 새로운 가능성과 한계가 무엇이었는지를 포착하는 데 집중한다. 이 연구는 조선음악과 조선음악인이 정치적 현실로부터 어떠한 굴절을 거치면서 정체성을 획득해갔는가를 살피는 작업이 될 것이다. 함화진은 이왕직 아악부의 최고 지위인 아악사장에 오른 인물로, 세습 체제를 따르는 전통적인 아악인의 권위와 기량을 겸비하고 있었다. 또한 그는, 근대 예술 개념이 유입되면서 새롭게 형성되기 시작했던 음악을 둘러싼 사회적 변화에도 민감하였다. 그는 신지식과 서양음악 이론을 적극적으로 학습하면서 아악부 외부 음악계와 긴밀한 관계를 맺었고, 아악부의 대중화와 이론 정립에 주력하면서 자신의 권위를 견인하고자 하였다. 그러나 당시 조선음악이 지니는 사회적 의미는 구왕조 체제 뿐 아니라 식민지 지배 하에서, 그리고 해방 이후 민족문화 건설이라는 대의 하에서 정치에 종속적이었다. 특히 조선음악의 최고 권위자인 함화진이 지니고 있었던 조선음악에 관한 지식과 재능, 여타 음악인들을 규합하는 권위는 정치적으로 중요한 활용의 대상이 되었다. 그리고 이는 함화진이 식민지 시대에는 친일음악가로, 해망 이후에는 좌파로 검거 대상이 되도록 했던 직접적인 배경이었다. The primary purpose of this essay is to trace the Ham Hwa Jin’s walk of life as a korean musician. He was the chief of classical court ceremonial music(雅樂司長) in colonial period, went with the stream, the japanese colonial rule. In the liberated period(1945-1948), he worked for the establishment of ‘national music’, and was arrested with leftist roundup-order by american military administration. But it is only one-sided view to see his career at the political situation. In this essay I focus his social identity as musician of korean music and the musician's walk of life in that history. Secondly, this paper aims to examine the historical process, the korean music get the status in modern system of knowledge, especially ‘art’ and ‘music’. In Ham’s life we can see the typical case of that process. He got the highest authority of korean music in his days. But his authority was fragile, as korean music was so.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

정신분열병 환자에서 얼굴 영상의 작동기억 장애 : 기능자기공명영상연구

이창욱,김태석,주라형,박주미,박여진,김종진,전신수,배치운,김정진,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : Impaired processing of facial information is one of the broad ranges of cognitive deficits seen in patients with Schi-zophrenia. We aimed to elucidate the differences in brain activities involved in the process of facial working memory between schizophrenic patients and healthy comparison subjects. Methods : Twelve patients with schizophrenia were recruited along with twelve demographically matched healthy volunteers as a comparison group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess cortical activities during the Perfor-mance of a 2-back working memory paradigm using images of neutral faces as mnemonic content. Rcsults : The patient group performed the tasks with reduced accuracy. Group analysis revealed that the left fusiform gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral middle frontal gyri/insula, the left middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, the quadrangular lobules and the vermis of cerebellum showed decreased cortical activities in the patient group. On the other hand, an increased level of activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the pahetal lobule was observed from the patient group, all in the right hemisphere. Conulusion : A decreased level of activity in the left fusiform gyrus among the patient group implicates inefficient processing of facial information. An increased level of activation in prefrontal and parietal neural networks from the patient group confirms earlier findings on the impaired working memory of patients with schizophrenia.

청소년 문화축제참여가 자아정체성과 사회공존지수에 미치는 영향

정명수,송은미,이강욱,정진영 朝鮮大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2006 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

This study aims to examine the influence of the participation in the festivals on the development of the self identity and the influence of the emotional outlooks based on the participation in the festivals and the emotional outlooks produced by the interaction with others on the development of the self identity with the young people who participated in the 2004 Yeosu International Youth Festival as the subjects. Putting these findings together, it is shown that the participation of the adolescents in cultural festivals has a positive influence on the development of their self-identity, and, in particular, it is also shown that the emotional outlooks produced by the participation in cultural festivals and the emotional outlooks obtained through the interaction with others have a positive influence on the self-identity of the adolescents. Accordingly, it is necessary to study those programs producing no oppositions and the methods of participation for the development of the self-identity of the adolescents, and it is also necessary to develop natural programs and incentives to smooth the complex and diverse interactions among the participants.

북커버디자인이 책의 구매효과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 2004~2005 베스트셀러 비소설 부문을 중심으로

정수진,이지혜 경희대학교 디자인연구원 2005 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.8 No.2

In the years 2004 and 2005, the value of domestic publishing market is estimated to amount to about 2,3 trillion wons, and that of the literary books amounts to about 290 billion wons. Since the competition is fierce in the publishing market, various efforts are made to research into the factors affecting consumers' purchasing decisions on books. Book cover may be one of such factors, which needs to be researched into. In order for a book to outstand among numerous books with similar contents, its cover design should be differentiated from others. When consumers overview the books on shelf, they tend to be attracted first to their cover designs. So, a differentiated book design would have a positive effect on consumers' purchasing decision. With such basic conceptions in mind, this study was aimed at empirically analyzing the effects of book cover designs on readers' purchasing decisions To this end, the researcher sampled 200 readers in their 20's∼50's for a survey for the best-seller non-fictions published in 2004 and 2005. The methods used for this survey were three-fold: analysis of the entire responses, analysis by age group and analysis by gender. The primary collection for the survey consisted 24 books with their covers having the typography applied, 40 books with their covers having the illustrations applied and 45 books with their covers having the photos applied, and out of these 109 books, were sampled finally the top-20 best-seller books. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, as a result of analyzing the existing book covers, it was found that most of them had used illustrations (pictures) primarily. On the other hand, Ming font was used most for the book covers, and most of the titles were positioned at the central upper part. The most popular colors were black for title, white for margin and green for image. Figures were used most for the book covers with photos, but few black-and-white photos were used. Next, as a result of analyzing the results of the survey, it was disclosed that typographic designs were being more and more favored than illustration (picture) ones. And free style and Gothic fonts were favored next to Ming font in their order, and the book covers with figure photos were highly favored. As a consequence of the analysis by age-group, the readers in their 20'∼40's preferred the typographic ones of simple and orderly mood, while those in their 50's favored the factual or real photo expressions. And 40.4% of the subjects answered that their purchasing decisions were affected by the book cover designs, and 58.9% of the subjects reported that they had ever purchased a book only for its cover design. It was proven by this study that readers were much influenced by book cover designs when making a purchasing decision. Accordingly, in order to design some effective sales promotion strategies for books, it is judged necessary to review the book cover designs carefully, Lastly, it is hoped that this study will be followed up by future studies or book cover designers who will test in more precise and diverse ways every conceivable book design deemed conducive to the qualitative growth of our book cover designs.

營農後繼者 育成基金의 活用方案에 관한 硏究

鄭鎭守 圓光大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

According to the process of the cityward tendency because of the rapid growth and jump in korean economy, the agriculture in our country recently encounters a great turning points, and the reorganization of agriculture corresponding to economic development becomes an important task. The followings are the problems depending on each factor, ① In the rural area, the rural population recently depart from the country rapidly. The farmers wages suddenly are raised therfore these act as an oppressed factor. But the farming-machine-tools which act on behalf of it do not spread widely, and the readjustment of arable land which is precondition of mechanization is still poor condition. Rural population have decreased continuous, but a family have about one ha acreage under cultivation. So they are still bound by a productive form of a unit of farmhouse, and meet the limit of machanization, and even more a sign appears an excessive machanization at a unit family. ② Though mechanization will be accomplished, it will be seasonal. So the rate of the work will be low, which brings a great loss at the point of profit. It is desirable to engage agricultural machines in public institutions such as the agricultural cooperative association and agraian, improval association to hire and use it by farmer because we expect second-handed profit due to economy of labours, but it is hard to increare the real incomes. Seeing the report (1980) of economic income and expenditure of mechanization, a unit cooperative association of Gaehwado Bu-An Gun suffers a loss of 9,449,000 won, and also agricultural machine business of Chollapuk-Do land improval Association suffer a loss of 9,061,000 won. ③ Demand of agricultural products increased rapidly and patterns of consumption become in various way and high grade, but productivc capacity do not correspond it. So we expect that the import for the balance due to domestic demand enlarged, therefore falling of agricultural-products price and farmer, desire of over-product and instability of productive basis are become chief problems. ④ The pre-modernic fluence construction of agricultural products prevent demand and supply to be flowing it harmoniously, and the price of the fluence-step is marked imfairly, which impress a price for a producer and a consumer. ⑤ Recently, we are ready for food to use arms in the national society, while the degree of food self-sufficiency of our country have fallen gradually and the degree of food dependent of foreign country have enlarged. ⑥ Agriculture is as well important at the secure position as the point of view that it is difficult to restore if it's basis falls, therefore our agriculture which meet the turning point must be raised in the long way securely. According to the mentioned, both the reform of product which is changed construction of product by the change of consumption construction and the reform of internal agriculture must be achieved. It is necessary that we enlarge acreage under cultivation and that we make mechanization for the scientific agriculture. Also it is main problem that agricultural products is improved through a skill improve ment. It is the problems that we meet that both producer and consumer are protected with the price stabilization by bold improving of the fluence constructure and that we prevent farmer's will of an increase in production from falling with the price policy of farming product effeciently.

보통모멘트골조의 Pushover해석을 이용한 내진성능평가에 관한 연구

정길수,김진상 인제대학교 2008 仁濟論叢 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 층고비가 다른 비정형 보통모멘트굴조의 동적거동에 대하여 Pushoverr해석을 이용한 내진성능평가에 관한 연구이다. 실험모델로 1층에 층고비가 다른 5층 보통모멘트골조를 사용하였고 등가정적 해석 및 응답스펙트럼해석을 수행하여 지진하중, 층전단력, 전도모멘트, 최대변형을 구하였다. 그리고 Pushover해석을 이용한 구조물의 보유 능력을 산정하고 능력스펙트럼(CSM)의 원리를 적용하여 구조물의 비선형 최대변형과 요구내력을 평가하였다. 층고비가 2.0일 때 선형해석 및 비선형해석에서도 최대변위와 최대전단력이 발생한다는 것을 알 수가 있었다. In this study, the dynamic behaviors of building structures with a soft story are investigated using Capacity Spectrum Method. Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis, Response Spectrum Analysis, and Equivalent Seismic Analysis of Linerly Elastic Method is used. The OMF(Ordinary Moment Frame) studied are three-dimentional building frame with 5 story having a soft story (layer ratio is 2 0 to 1). Earthquake-loads, story shear forces, overturning moments, and maximum displacement are calculated by pushover analysis. Next, nonlinear maximum displacement and demand of building are evaluated by CSM principles. When layer ratio is 2.0, maximum displacement and maximum shear force are developed both linear and nonlinear analyses.