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Baek-Ju Lee(이백주),Dong-Won Seo(서동원),Jae-Wook Choi(최재욱) 대한전자공학회 2021 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
In this study, silicon nitride thin films deposited in space division plasma-enhanced atomic-layer deposition were studied in detail. The defect density and impurity concentration of the silicon nitride thin films have a great influence on reading and writing information; therefore, it was confirmed how these parameters change according to process conditions. Plasma treatment was performed to improve the density and impurities of the silicon nitride thin films, and it was analyzed how plasma treatment affects the defect density and impurity concentration of silicon nitride.
In vitro skin absorption assay
( Ju Hee Han ),( Seung Hyeok Seok ),( Min Won Baek ),( Dong Jae Kim ),( Yi Rang Na ),( Kui Lea Park ),( Jae Hak Park ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2009 한국동물실험대체법학회 학술대회집 Vol.2009 No.1
Various types of chemicals can be contact with skin and have potential for absorption locally or to the systemic circulation. Measures of percutaneous absorption are required for risk assessment of exposure for man to chemicals. These can be obtained by in vivo and in vitro methods. The in vivo method (OECD guideline 428) can provide good information on percutaneous absorption using various laboratory species. The in vitro method (OECD guideline 427) that can use non-viable skin or reconstructed skin have also been used for many years. Recently, changes in the European chemical policy (REACH) require toxicity data to be generated for 30,000 chemicals. It is not appropriated or feasible to do extensive in vivo studies in rodents and this goes against the ethics of the EU (the 3Rs). Therefore, the use of in vitro method in percutaneous absorption is recommended. In the present presentation, a brief overview of skin absorption assay, especially in vitro skin absorption assay is given. Also, we compared split-thickness human skin with full-thickness pig skin in in vitro skin absorption studies.
GUIDELINE : Severe influenza treatment guideline
( Won Suk Choi ),( Ji Hyeon Baek ),( Yu Bin Seo ),( Sae Yoon Kee ),( Hye Won Jeong ),( Hee Young Lee ),( Byung Wook Eun ),( Eun Ju Choo ),( Ja Cob Lee ),( Young Keun Kim ),( Joon Young Song ),( Seong 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.1
Baek, Il-Jin,Cho, Won-Ju Elsevier 2018 Solid-state electronics Vol.140 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed a hybrid organic-inorganic resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device that uses a solution-process to overcome the disadvantages of organic and inorganic materials for flexible memory applications. The drawbacks of organic and inorganic materials are a poor electrical characteristics and a lack of flexibility, respectively. We fabricated a hybrid organic-inorganic switching layer of ReRAM by blending HfO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I> or AlO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I> solution with PMMA solution and investigated the resistive switching behaviour in Ti/PMMA/Pt, Ti/PMMA-HfO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>/Pt and Ti/PMMA-AlO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>/Pt structures. It is found that PMMA-HfO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I> or PMMA-AlO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I> hybrid switching layer has a larger memory window, more stable durability and retention characteristics, and a better set/reset voltage distribution than PMMA layer. Further, it is confirmed that the flexibility of the PMMA-HfO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I> and PMMA-AlO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I> blended films was almost similar to that of the organic PMMA film. Thus, the solution-processed organic-inorganic blended films are considered a promising material for a non-volatile memory device on a flexible or wearable electronic system.</P>
( Won Kyu Lee ),( Hye Jung Kim ),( Je Hyun Baek ),( Eun Hee Lee ),( Hyun Ju Jung ),( Yeon Gyu Yu ),( Sung Weon Ryoo ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.118 No.-
Background: Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only vaccine available against tuberculosis, and the strains used worldwide represent a family of daughter strains with distinct genotypic characteristics. To establish a Korean tuberculosis vaccine derived from BCG Pasteur 1173P2, genome sequencing of a BCG Korea was completed by Joung and coworkers (2013). Here, we report the proteomics data of BCG Korea, the strain that will be actually used in Korea for vaccine production. Methods: The tryptic peptides were loaded onto a fused silica microcapillary column (12 cm x 75 μm) packed with C18 reversed phase resin (5 μm, 100 A). The column was directly connected to an LTQ linear ion-trap mass spectrometer equipped with a nano-electrospray ion source. All spectra were acquired in data-dependent scan mode. The acquired LC-ESI-MS/MS fragment spectra were searched in the BioWorksBrowserTM with the SEQUEST search engine against NCBI non-redundant database including reverse database. The putative function of proteins, which were not listed in UniProtKB, was further analyzed using Pfam and gene ontology databases. Scaffold was used to validate MS/MS based peptide and protein identifications. Results: A total of 914 proteins were identified from LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and their abundance was estimated by SWATH methods. Some predominant proteins, including fatty acid synthase, mycocerosic acid synthase, RNA polymerase, heat shock protein and peptide synthase which represent potential prominent antigens in the humoral and cellular immune response. Conclusions: The aim of this study was to construct a reference protein map for these proteins in BCG Korea. Especially, the SWATH is very straightforward and provides a promising approach owing to its strong reliability and reproducibility during the proteomic analysis. These results will be compared with the currently used BCG strains and basic information for the development of a novel vaccine.
( Won-mook Choi ),( Jonggi Choi ),( Danbi Lee ),( Ju Hyun Shim ),( Kang Mo Kim ),( Young-suk Lim ),( Han Chu Lee ),( Changhoon Yoo ),( Sook Ryun Park ),( Min-hee Ryu ),( Baek-yeol Ryoo ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Nivolumab showed durable response and safety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the previous trials. However, real-world data of nivolumab in HCC patients, especially those with Child-Pugh class B, is lacking. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in a real- world cohort of patients with advanced HCC. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 203 patients with HCC who were treated with nivolumab between July 2017 to February 2019. Radiologic evaluation was based on mRECIST. Survival outcomes were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model. Logistic regression model was used to identify the predictive factors of treatment response. Results: Of 203 patients, 132 patients were within Child-Pugh class A and 71 patients were within Child-Pugh class B. Objective response rate was lower in patients with Child-Pugh class B than A (2.8% vs. 15.9%; P=0.010 by unweighted analysis and P=0.034 by weighted analysis) and Child-Pugh class was an independent predictor for objective response (Odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval; 0.05-0.93; P=0.040). Median overall survival was shorter in Child-Pugh B patients (11.3 vs. 42.9 weeks; P<0.001 by both unweighted and weighted analyses). However, other efficacy outcomes including disease control rate, time to progression, and progression-free survival were comparable between Child-Pugh A and B patients by unadjusted, adjusted, matched, and weighted analyses. There was no significant difference in terms of safety between Child-Pugh A and B patients. Conclusions: Given the limited treatment options for advanced HCC in Child-Pugh B patients, nivolumab may be a viable option despite lower response in these patients. Further studies are needed in this patient population.
Baek, Jong-Suep,Hwang, Chan-Ju,Jung, Hyo-Won,Park, Yong-Ki,Kim, Young-Ho,Kang, Jong-Seong,Cho, Cheong-Weon Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2014 DRUG DELIVERY Vol.21 No.6
<P>KOB extracts are a polyherbal medicine had been prescribed for the treatment of hyperhydrosis and allergic diseases such as allergic asthma and rhinitis in oriental clinics. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic studies of the KOB extract administered orally to normal rats and rhinitis-induced rats to understand the correlation of the efficacy and plasma concentration of KOB in patients of allergic rhinitis in future were performed. The study was conducted according to administration for pure baicalin in normal rats, baicalin in KOB extract in normal rats and rhinitis-induced rats. Baicalin in rat plasma was analyzed and validated by HPLC analysis. The interday precision based on the standard deviation of replicates of quality control samples ranged from 3.6% to 7.9% with accuracy ranging from 92.9% to 101.2% for baicalin. Based on validated analysis, pharmacokinetic study was carried out. Pure baicalin in normal rats and baicalin in KOB extract in normal rats showed bimodal curves due to direct absorption and glucuronidation. The <I>T</I><SUB>max</SUB>, <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> and AUC of pure baicalin in normal rats or baicalin in KOB extract in normal rats were 12 h, 0.68 µg/ml and 9.85 µg h/ml, respectively, or 12 h, 0.46 µg/ml and 6.36 µg h/ml, respectively. The analytical method showed excellent sensitivity, precision and accuracy, being successfully employed in a pharmacokinetic study of polyherbal medicine, KOB extract. Allergic-induced condition did not affect the pharmacokinetics of KOB extracts, suggesting KOB extracts did not require dosage adjustment in subjects with allergic-induced diseases.</P>
( Baek Gyu Jun ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Don Kim ),( Gab Jin Cheon ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Sang-wook Yi ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Body mass index (BMI) is known to be associated with higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the general population. However, the association between BMI and risk of HCC in patients with various liver disease is not well understood. Methods: We used data from National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) that provides compulsory health insurance coverage and national health screening for all citizens in the Republic of Korea. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression models to examine associations between body mass index (BMI) and risk of HCC. We included 15016551 adults (aged 18-99 years) who underwent health examinations between 2003 and 2006, in the NHIS database. Participants were classified into six groups according to the liver diseases; liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatitis B or C virus infection (HBVHCV), other liver disease (O-LD), unidentified liver disease with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥40 or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥40 (ALT40), no known liver diseases with 20≤ALT<40 or 20≤AST<40 IU/ml (ALT2040), and ALT<20 and AST<20 (ALT20). Results: During mean 13.7 years of follow-up. HCC occurred in 71570 individuals. In total population, BMI had a non-linear association with HCC. In BMI above 25 kg/m², BMI was positively associated with risk of HCC regardless of liver disorder. In the multivariable adjusted analysis, the HR per 5 kg/m² increase in BMI above 25 kg/m² was 1.48 (95% CI 1.44-1.52) in total population, 1.11 (95% CI 1.00-1.23) in LC, 1.12 (95% CI 1.44-1.52) in HBVHCV, 1.32 (95% CI 1.22-1.44) in O-LD, 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.12) in ALT40, 1.47 (95% CI 1.38-1.57) in ALT2040, 1.67 (95% CI 1.32-2.09) in ALT20. In the subgroup analysis for the HCC high-risk group, the HR of HCC (95% CI) for a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was 1.21 in HBV-LC (1.01-1.46), 1.13 in other LC (1.08-1.19) and 1.15 in HBV without LC (1.04- 1.27), 1.14 in HCV without LC (0.92 -1.40) and 1.05 in HCV-LC (0.64-1.74). Associations between BMI and risk of HCC in HBV (HR; 1.46 vs 1.05), HCV (HR; 1.30 vs 0.92) and LC (HR; 1.28 vs 1.02) patients were stronger in female than in male. Conclusions: Our study showed that BMI was positively associated with risk of HCC regardless of liver disorder in BMI above 25 kg/m². As the severity of liver disease weakened, the association between increased BMI and HCC became stronger. Inpatients with HBV, HCV, and LC, the harmful effects of higher BMI on HCC risk was stronger in women than in men.