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Nickel 및 Cobalt가 함유된 염산용액중에서 Alamine336에 의한 Fe, Mn 및 Zn의 분리
안재우,안종관,박경호,손정수 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.6
The separation and recovery of cobalt and nickel from hydrochloric leaching solutions of manganese nodules were imitated by solvent extraction using Alamine336 in Xylene. The behavior of impurities such as iron, zinc, copper and manganese was also investigated. With the increase of chloride ion concentration, cobalt was selectively extracted from nickel owing to the difference of chlorocomplex in solution and the minimum chloride ion was 5.0M. But in this extraction step, the impurity metals such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc were also co extracted in the organic phase. However, co-extracted metals in the organic phase could be effectively separated in the scrubbing and stripping step. Manganese and nickel were effectively removed in the scrubbing step with 6.0M hydrochloric solutions but copper, iron and zinc were loaded in the organic phase with cobalt. Finally, the metal-bearing organic phase was contacted with the hydrochloric strip solution to recover the loaded cobalt. The impurity metals were effectively removed in this step with controlling the concentration of chloride ions in the strip solution. From the experiment, The behaviors of impurities on each of operation steps in extraction, scrubbing and stripping processes were investigated. Consequently the optimum condition for the separation of cobalt from hydrochloric solution were proposed.
김재관,심재정 원광대학교 대학원 2007 論文集 Vol.39 No.-
With the recent expansion of local governance and the accompanying increase of awareness on the part of people of their rights, we have witnessed a growing number of incidences of conflicts between local military units on the one hand and the local governments and residents on the other about the government's defense policies. These civil-military conflicts are obstructing smooth implementation of defense policies and thus posing a threat to the national security. An effective management of these conflicts is therefore urgently needed. This study was conducted to examine the essence and the causes of civil-military conflicts and to find ways of effectively managing them. The study shows that civil-military conflicts exhibit characteristics particular to those involving the military, in addition to characteristics normally found in other conflicts on government policies or public conflicts. The study classifies the causes of civil-military conflics into structural, behavioral, and environmental. Structural causes include differences in goals, increasing mutual dependence, competition for limited resources, and lack of preparation for decision-making and policy execution. Behavioral causes include differences in various groups' intentions and perceptions, desire for quick results, and selfishness on the part of groups or local districts. Finally, environmental causes include organizational culture of the military, expansion of local governance, and change in our society's value systems. To manage these causes for conflicts, we must put in place a system of managing civil-military conflicts, seek legal and systematic measures to alleviate those causes, and promote trust-building activities on the part of military units in relation to the local societies.
고농도 니켈 침출액으로부터 Na-PC88A에 의한 Co, Mn 및 Zn의 분리에 관한 연구
安鍾寬,朴慶鎬,孫廷秀,안재우 대한금속재료학회 2001 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.39 No.12
Solvent extraction experiments for the separation of impurities from Ni-rich solution were carried out for manufacturing of high purity Ni compounds from acid leaching solution of spent Ni-Cd secondary battery. Synthesised and actual leaching solution were used as aqueous phases and PC88A saponified by sodium in kerosene were used as organic phases. The extraction order is Zn>Mn>Co>Ni and extraction percentage of metal ions was increased with an increase of the concentration of extractant, initial pH of aqueous phase and ratio of O/A The separation of Ni and other impurities was effectively accomplished at the condition of extraction stage = 1, O/A = 1, saponified percent 50%, initial pH 5.0, concentration of extractant 1.0M.
Ju, Jeong-Min,Hwang, Jae-Ha,Piao, Ling-Hua,Park, Hyung-Wook,Park, Jong-Seong,Shin, Dong-Ho,Cho, Jeong-Gwan,Kim, Kyung Keun,Kim, Jae-Ha Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2006 Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology Vol.47 No.1
The effects of ketanserin, a 5-HT2 antagonist, on the ATP-sensitive K (KATP) channels were studied in mouse ventricular myocytes using patch clamp technique. Under the whole-cell voltage clamp conditions, ketanserin (1-100 μM) reversibly inhibited pinacidil-induced KATP current in a concentration-dependent fashion with a Ki value of 9.36 μM and the Hill coefficient was 0.67. This inhibition was developed even with the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine (100 μM) in the bath. Prazosin, a selective α1-antagonist, also failed to mimic the effect of ketanserin. Ketanserin did not affect the channel activity in inside-out configuration under the ATP-free internal solution. Furthermore, ketanserin applied to the external solution did not affect the pinacidil-induced channel activity in the cell-attached patches, but did inhibit it when applied into the pipette. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of ketanserin observed in this study was probably due to a direct action on the KATP channel rather than to an action through the 5-HT2 receptor or α1-adrenoceptor blockade, and that the antiarrhythmic activity of ketanserin against cardiac arrhythmias induced in the ischemic/reperfused heart is at least in part attributable to its inhibition of the KATP channel.
Wook Jae Yoon,Su Gwan Kim,Ji Su Oh,Jae Seek You,Kyung In Jeong,Sung Chul Lim,Mi Ae Jeong 대한구강악안면외과학회 2016 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.42 No.6
Objectives: This study compared the impact of implant surface treatment on the stability and osseointegration of implants in dog mandibles. Materials and Methods: Six adult dogs received a total of 48 implants that were prepared using four different surface treatments; resorbable blast media (RBM), hydroxyapatite (HA), hydrothermal-treated HA, and sand blasting and acid etching (SLA). Implants were installed, and dogs were separated into 2- and 4-week groups. Implant stability was evaluated via Periotest M, Osstell Mentor, and removal torque analyzers. A histomorphometric analysis was also performed. Results: The stability evaluation showed that all groups generally had satisfactory values. The histomorphometric evaluation via a light microscope revealed that the HA surface implant group had the highest ratio of new bone formation on the entire fixture. The hydrothermal-treated HA surface implant group showed a high ratio of bone-to-implant contact in the upper half of the implant area. Conclusion: The hydrothermal-treated HA implant improved the bone-to-implant contact ratio on the upper fixture, which increased the implant stability.
말기 신부전 환자에 있어서 TNF-α 유전자 다형성에 관한 연구
정경환 ( Jeong Gyeong Hwan ),이상호 ( Lee Sang Ho ),이영재 ( Lee Yeong Jae ),이태원 ( Lee Tae Won ),임천규 ( Im Cheon Gyu ),김명재 ( Kim Myeong Jae ),고관표 ( Go Gwan Pyo ),오승준 ( O Seung Jun ),우정택 ( U Jeong Taeg ),김성운 ( K 대한신장학회 2004 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.23 No.3
배경 : 만성 신장 질환의 진행과정에 면역학적 또는 염증 과정의 이상이 제시되고 있으며 이 중 cytokine의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. Cytokine의 하나인 TNF-α의 유전자 다형성이 TNF-α 분비에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 말기 신부전으로 진행된 당뇨병 환자와 정상 신기능의 당뇨병 환자를 중심으로 TNF-α 유전자 다형성을 분석하여 말기 신부전에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 계획하였다. 방법 : 말기 신부전 환자 257명과 정상 대조군 277명을 대상으로 하여 TNF-α 유전자형을 조사하고 임상 자료를 분석하였다. 당뇨병에서 TNF-α 유전자 다형성이 신부전 발생에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 당뇨병 진단 후 20년 이내에 말기 신부전으로 진행한 86명과 당뇨병 진단 후 15년이상 추적 관찰 결과 정상 신기능을 보인 92명을 비교하였다. 유전자 다형성은 대상군의 말초 혈액에서 genomic DNA를 분리한 후 PCR-RFLP를 통해 조사하였다. 결과 : 말기 신부전 환자군과 건강 대조군간의 연령별, 성별 구성에는 차이가 없었으며 당뇨병 환자 중 신부전 발생군과 정상 신기능 대조군 간에도 성별, 연령별 구성 및 당뇨병 유병 기간에도 유의한 차이는 없었다. TNF-α의 대립 유전자 빈도와 carriage rate를 비교해 보면 말기 신부전 환자군에서 건강 대조군에 비해 TNF2의 발현이 유의하게 낮게 관찰되었다 (p<0.05). 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 관찰한 결과도 말기 신부전으로 진행한 군에서 정상 신기능을 보인 군에 비해 TNF2의 발현이 의미있게 낮았다. 결론 : 말기 신부전이 진행된 당뇨병 환자군의 TNF2 발현율이 정상 신기능을 갖는 당뇨병 대조군과 비교해 유의하게 낮게 관찰되어졌으며 다른 원인에 의한 말기 신부전 환자들에서도 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 말기 신부전 환자에서 TNF-α 유전자 다형성이 신부전 진행에 미치는 영향에 대해 밝히기 위해서는 다른 독립 인자의 보정과 보다 전향적인 추적 관찰이 필요할 것으로 여겨진다. Background: It is evident that cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis as well as the progression of renal diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cytokine gene polymorphism is a marker of susceptibility to end-stage kidney failure (ESKF) in Korean populations. Methods : -308 G/A polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor- ? (TNF-?) gene was genotyped in 257 dialysis patients and 277 age-matched healthy controls, 86 NIDDM patients with kidney failure and 102 NIDDM controls without nephropathy. Results: We found a decreased frequency of TNF- ? allele 2 (TNF2, 2.9%) in ESKF patients compared to healthy controls (7.5%, p<0.05). We also found a decreased frequency of TNF-? allele 2 (TNF2, 2.3%) in NIDDM patients with kidney failure compared to NIDDM controls without nephropathy (7.6%, p<0.05). The carriage rate of TNF2 was significantly lower in NIDDM patients with kidney failure than in NIDDM controls without nephropathy (4.4% vs. 13.2%, p<0.05). In addition, allele frequency of TNF2 were remarkably different from those previously reported, indicating a significant ethnic difference. Conclusion : There is a significant ethnic difference in the polymorphism of TNF-? gene. The non-carriage TNF2 was more prevalent in the kidney failure group. But, we could not determine any association between the TNF- ? gene polymorphism and the development of kidney failure. (Korean J Nephrol 2004;23(3): 439-445)