박용래 시의 전원의 의미와 물의 상상력

박형준(Park, Hyung-Jun) 한국현대문학회 2013 한국현대문학연구 Vol.0 No.40

박용래는 문명에 의해 사라져가는 풍경들에 주목하면서 그것들이 가지고 있는 갸륵하고 어여쁘고 소박한 측면을 향토적인 언어로 그려내었다. 그러나 그러한 자연현상보다 더 중요한 것은 그것들 속에 숨겨진 기억 속에서만 존재하는 사물들이다. 한 작가가 그리는 풍경은 실제적 지리가 아니고, ‘내면적 지리’ 혹은 ‘주관적 지리’라고 할 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 박용래의 시에 나타나는 고향의 풍경은 단순히 자연 속에 놓여 있는 것이 아니라, 과거와 현재가 섞여 있고, 영혼과 사물이 혼재한 그러한 자연속이다. 이러한 박용래의 시에서 ‘물’은 무엇보다 그의 ‘전원으로의 귀소(歸巢)의 설계’를 매개하는 뚜렷한 이미지이다. 물이라는 심상은 그 안에서 우리가 우리 자신을 직접 ‘체함’하는 것이기 때문이다. 물의 이미지는 먼저 ‘접분(接分)의 상상력’으로 나타난다. 이것은 사물과 인간을 자기의 욕망으로만 끌어들이지 않고 표면과 이면의 경계에 자신을 위치시킴으로써 자신의 근원적인 고독의 발원지인 과거와 그 흔적이 사라져가고 있는 현재를 잇고자 함이다. 박용래는 자신의 감정을 철저하게 배제한 채 그것들을 응시함으로써 가물가물 사라지고 있는 지나간 시간과 그것들이 존재하지 않는 현실의 시간을 짜맞추어나간다. 또한 그의 시에서 나타나는 극소량의 물의 이미지인 이슬, 눈물, 샘물 등은 정화(淨化)의 심리학에 해당되는 것으로서 외적 경험에 속해 있는 것과는 다른 양상을 보인다. 우리는 박용래의 이러한 역동적인 물 이미지에서 정화를 통해 풍부하고 혁신적인 다가치(多價値)의 힘을 발견할 수가 있다. 그리고 그 역동적인 물은 그 신선한 실체의 반영으로 우리를 인도하며 우리 자신을 생명의 에너지로 충만하게 한다. 본고는 이와 같이 박용래의 시에 나타난 전원의 의미와 물의 이미지를 통해 허물어진 세계를 상상력으로 일으켜 세우고자 하는 의지적인 “전원으로의 귀소(歸巢)의 설계”를 파악하고자 하였다. Yongrae Park focused on landscapes that have been disappeared by civilization and wrote the praiseworthy, beauty, and rustic aspect of the landscapes through rural words. However, more important thing than these kinds of natural phenomena is something being inside of the memories hid in the natural phenomena. The landscape, which a writer expresses, can be said ‘inner geography’ or ‘personal geography,’ not an actual geography. Therefore, the landscape of a hometown that the Yongrae Park’s poetry shows is not existing in a nature. It is existing in another nature that the past and present are mixed and souls and things are mixed in a complex. In Yongrae Park’s poem, ‘Water’ is the distinguished image carrying his ‘the homing design as a pastoral. It is because that the image of water is, inside of it, that we directly ‘experience’ ourselves. First of all, the image of water comes up as ‘the imagination of the Meeting and Dividing of Objects.’ This does not rope things and humans in only one’s desire, but it is to forget the past, which is one’s source of underlying loneliness, and the present, which its trace is disappearing, through locating oneself on the boundary of the surface and the other side. Yongrae Park interknits the passed time, dimly disappearing, and the present time that the passed time does not exist anymore by staring at the passed time without his emotions thoroughly. Also, dew, tear, and spring water, which were shown in his poetry as a thimbleful of water, are included in the purification of psychology, and these show different phase from the things belonged in external experiences. We can find out the plentiful and innovational power of lots of values through the dynamic water image. Furthermore, the dynamic water image leads us to the reflection of the fresh noumenon, and the image makes us plentiful of the energy of a life. This treatise, like above, tried to understand that volitional “the homing design as a pastoral” to set up the world destroyed by imagination, through the meaning of pastoral and the image of water that were shown in Yongrae Park’s poem.

연장 가골에 골 이식 대체물 투여가 골 경화에 미치는 영향 : 가토 경골에서의 방사선 및 골 밀도의 변화 Changes of Radiography & Bone Mineral Density in the Tibia of Rabbits

오창욱,김풍택,박병철,송해룡,박일형,백준호,박형진 경북대학교 병원 2003 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

목적 : 골 연장술 후 생기는 연장 가골에 황화 칼슘과 이종 이식골을 투여하여 골 경화 속도에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위한 실험이었다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 성장중인 뉴질랜드 화이트 토끼(2.0-2.5㎏)의 경골 간부에 골막을 보호하고, 절골술을 시행하고, 5일간의 휴지기후 외고정 장치를 이용하여 1주일 동안 7㎜가 연장될 때까지 하루 1㎜씩 2회의 리듬을 가지고 골 연장을 실시하였다. 제1 실험 군 7마리에는 연장이 끝난 직후 황화 칼슘(Osteoset^(ⓡ), Wright medical USA) 1정, 제 2 실험 군 7마리에는 이종 이식골의 일종인 Lubboc 5㎟을 각각 연장된 가골 부에 주입하고, 단순 연장한 대조군 7마리와 함께, 방사선 및 골 밀도비를 측정하고 추시하여, 골 경화의 진행속도를 비교하였다. 방사선 촬영은 전후면 및 측면사진을 1주 간격으로 촬영하였고, 골밀도 측정은 DEXA(dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry, Lunar^(ⓡ)) 장치를 2주일 간격으로 시행하였다. 결과 : 방사선 소견상, 제 1실험군의 연장가골의 완전 경화시간은 평균 14주, 제 2실험군은 154 주로 각각 대조군의 16.9주보다 단축되었으며, 골 밀도 비에서도, 두 실험군에서 최고치가 대조군의 값보다 높고, 최고치까지의 경과기간도 빨랐다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 연장 가골에 황화칼슘 및 이종 이식골의 투여가 골 경화의 기간을 단축시킬 수 있고, 외고정 장치의 빠른 제거에 도움이 될 수 있음을 알았다. Purpose : This study was designed to know the effect of calcium-sulfate and xenograft on the distracted callus after lengthening. Materials & Methods : We had operation of subperiosteal osteotomy and external fixation on the tibial diaphysis of young New Zealand White rabbits(2.0-2.5㎏); after 5 days of latency period, 7㎜(1㎜/day, 2times/day) of tibial lengthening was reached in a week. At 1 week after lengthening, the 1st experimental group of 7 rabbits received a pellet of calcium sulfate(Osteoset, Wright medical, USA) in the distraction gap, and the 2nd experimental group of 7 rabbits received 5㎜ 2 of xenogrfat(Lubboc) in the distraction gap. But, the control group of 7 rabbits did not receive any of above materials. We compared three groups with the changes of radiographic findings at every week and bone mineral ratio(DEXA) at every two weeks. Results : The time to complete consolidation of distraction callus of both experimental group(calcium sulfate;14 weeks, xenograft; 15.4 weeks) was shorter than that of control group(16.9 weeks) in radiographic findings. Maximum value of bone mineral ratio of distraction callus was higher and the time to reach the highest value was also shortened in the both experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion : By use of bone substitutes as like calcium sulfate or xenograft in the distraction callus with external fixator, it may be possible to shorten the consolidation period and the fixator-wearing period.

제 3 대구치 발치시 환자의 호흡 패턴이 스트레스 변화 양상에 미치는 영향

이상명,김형욱,박양호,김진철,박준우,이성준,안재목,Rhee, Sang-Myung,Kim, Hyung-Wook,Park, Yang-Ho,Kim, Jin-Cheol,Park, Jun-Woo,Rhee, Sung-Jun,Nyamdorj, Selenge,Ahn, Jae-Mok 대한구강악안면외과학회 2007 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.33 No.5

Purpose: Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data). It is known as RSA which represents respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Previous studies demonstrated a specific breathing pattern(0.1Hz, 6breaths/min) to improve a physiological body condition related to the stress. In this paper, the level of stress would be evaluated in terms of three phases of the dental treatment, combined with 6breaths/min. Methods: These phases include before, during and after tooth extraction or anesthesia or something.36 patients' stresses were assessed using HRV stress analyzer in each phase in Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, and Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center from Jun. to Sept. of 2007. HRV 5-min data collected were analyzed in time-domain and frequency-domain to evaluate the activity of autonomic nervous system(ANS) which represents the level of stress. Results: All HRV parameters including HF(high frequency), LF(low frequency) and LF/HF ratio showned a significant change affecting the ANS balance. There was a 6.4% difference between R(LF/HF)s on general breathing pattern for balance of Autonomic nervous system, but on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz, was made narrow till 1.4%. The activity of ANS has increased by 1.4% on general breathing pattern, and by 2.9% on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz. Conclusion: After analysis of preoperative stress changes and effect of breathing pattern of 0.1 Hz on the stress in 36 patients who have undergone third molar extraction, following was concluded. In the preoperative stage, the sympathetic change was the greatest?after the?anesthetic injection, and stress was relieved by controlling the breathing pattern to a frequency of 0.1Hz.

용사코팅용 나노 WC-12Co 피드스톡의 제조

전형우,김주선,박준영,박종구,황순영,이해원 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.4

This study investigates the fabrication of WC-12Co feedstock powders with weakly locculated slurries by spray drying under various conditions. The morphological defects and flocculation states according to the amount of additives are evaluated to prepare spherical WC-Co feedstock powders with little morphological defects and homogeneous microstructures. The characteristics of feedstock powders, heat treated between 850-1200℃, are analyzed via SEM, EPMA, and mercury porosimetry. The results showed that with the increase in heat treatment temperature the portion of larger pores around 10 μm increased while, that of smaller pores of 1 μm lessened due to the coalescence of WC particles, forming dense feedstock powders with little defects such as hollow or craters. The feedstock heat treated at 1200℃ showed a porosity of 42.2% and a density of 8.28 g/cm^(3) as well as uniform distribution of pores and Co. (Received January 19, 2004)

X-선 회절법에 의한 소결광내의 칼슘페라이트 생성에 미치는 Al_2O_3, SiO_2 및 MgO의 영향

朴埈賢,趙兪貞,尹晟燮,許完旭,金亨順 대한금속재료학회 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.7

In order to elucidate the fundamental aspects of the minerals formation processes during sintering, the Fe_2O_3-CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 system and the effect of MgO on synthesized iron ore sinter were studied by image analysis and X-ray diffraction method. Most existed calcium ferrite was identified to be a solid solution of CaO·2Fe_2O_3 with a small amount of solubility of Al_2O_3 and SiO_2. With an increase of the content of Al_2O_3 in the system, the amount of calcium ferrite was increased. On the other hand, the amount of calcium ferrite was decreased, and the amount of hematite was increased with increasing the content of SiO_2. Crystal structure of calcium ferrite with Al_2O_3 and SiO_2 was changed from monoclinic to triclinic as well as the unit cell volume shrank with fixing Al_2O_3 and increasing SiO_2. With increasing the content of MgO(1∼3 wt%), the amount of magnetite was increased and hematite was decreased but calcium ferrite was not changed.

APEC의 旣存硏究에 대한 文獻的 檢討

朴魯慶,金浩中,林俊亨 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1997 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.20 No.1

ASEAN經濟統合의 效果에 관한 實證的 硏究(Ⅰ)

朴魯慶,金浩中,林俊亨 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1997 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.20 No.1

Benoist씨 장치를 이용한 소아의 하악 과두 골절의 치험례 : A CASE REPORT

박상욱,최형준,차인호,김성오,최병재 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

소아에서의 하악 골절은 성인에서보다 드물다. 그러나, 어릴수록 강직과 성장장애의 가능성이 크며 성인만큼 악간고정을 잘 견뎌내지 못한다. 반면에, 골절은 소아에 있어 더 빨리 치유되고 합병증도 적다. 소아에서 하악 골절은 종종 하악의 acrylic splint therapy 단독 또는 eyelet wire 와 악간 고정을 같이 사용하여 성공적으로 치료될 수 있다. 발생할 수 있는 심각한 합병증으로는 유착과 성장장애가 있다. 이러한 합병증의 빈도와 심 각성은 좀더 짧은 기간의 악간고정과 긴밀한 술 후 관리에 의해 감소될 수 있다. 특히 소아 환자가 악간고정을 잘 견디지 못하는 경우, 악간고정의 기간이 길어지는 경우, 환자의 자발적인 운동요법이 어려운 경우, 악간고정이 불필요하고 개구장애 만을 일으킨 미약한 증상의 경우에는 동기부여에 의한 물리적 하악 운동요법이 사용될 수 있다. 본 증례에서는 하악 정중부의 외상으로 인하여 양측성 과두 골절이 일어난6세 여자 환아를 대상으로 상,하악에 elastic을 이용하여 하악의 개구, 측방 전방운동에 대해 훈련을 가능하게 하는 Benoist씨 장치를 이용한 능동적 하악 운동 요법으로 7개월 간의 정기 검진을 통하여 하악 운동량의 증진, 과두 유착의 방지, 골개조의 치료효과를 보였다. Mandibular fracture is less common in children than in adults. However children are more susceptible to ankylosis and developmental disorders, and don't respond as well to intermaxillary fixation compared to adults. On the other hand, bone fracture is healed more quickly in children and complications are scarce. Mandibular fracture in children is usually treated successfully with acrylic splint therapy with or without the use of eyelet wires and intermaxillary fixation. Severe complications that include ankylosis and developmental disorders may occur. The frequency and severity of such complications can be mitigated with a shorter duration of intermaxillary fixation and good post-operative care. Encouraging mandibular physical therapy by increasing patient motivation may be necessary in such cases where the patient's response is poor and the duration of intermaxillary fixation increases; when the patient is unable to undergo physical therapy, or when intermaxillary fixation is not necessary with the patient showing only minor symptoms such as trismus. In this case report, a 6 year-old girl with bilateral condylar fracture was treated with elastic in both the upper and lower jaws to allow mandibular physical therapy using a Benoist's appliance, which allows opening, lateral, and protrusive retrusive movements of the mandible. A 7-month follow-up showed beneficial therapeutic effects such as increased mandibular movement and prevention of condylar ankylosis.

생쥐 소장의 interstitial cells of Cajal에서 ATP-민감성 K^(+)통로를 통한 향도잡이 전류의 조절

박찬국,김만우,김형석,최석,전제열 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate whether ATP-sensitive K^(+) channels exist in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) of mouse small intestine and the physiological role of ATP-sensitive K^(+) channels in gastrointestinal motility. Methods: ICC were isolated from mouse small intestine and cultured for 2 days. Electrical activities of ICC were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique at 30°C. Results: ICC displayed rhythmic slow waves and spontaneous inward currents (pacemaker currents). Pinacidil, an ATP-sensitive K^(+) channel opener, induced membrane hyperpolarization and decreased amplitude of slow waves in current clamping mode. Also, pinacidil inhibited amplitude and frequency of pacemaker currents and activated outward currents at a holding potential of -70 mV. Pinacidil effects on slow waves and pacemaker currents were blocked by glibenclamide, a specific blocker of ATP-sensitive K^(+) channel. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, induced membrane hyperpolarization and inhibited pacemaker currents like as pinacidil and blocked by glibenclamide. Conclusions: These results suggest that ATP-sensitive K^(+) channels exist in ICC and may be play an important role in regulating gastrointestinal motility through the modulation of pacemaker activities of ICC.

자유곡선의 G¹ arc spline 근사

박형준 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2005 生産技術硏究 Vol.27 No.1

This paper presents a method for G¹ arc spline approximation of a planar curve. The planar curve is not restricted in specially bounded shapes of confined degrees, and it does not have to be compatible with non-uniform rational B-splines. The main idea of the method is to divide the curve of interest into smaller segments so that each segment can be approximated with a biarc within a specified tolerance. The biarc is acquired by polygonal approximation and single biarc fitting to the polygon. The method is simple in concept and produces the smaller number of biarcs in the resulting arc spline. Experimental results demonstrate its usefulness and quality.