박용래 시의 전원의 의미와 물의 상상력

박형준(Park, Hyung-Jun) 한국현대문학회 2013 한국현대문학연구 Vol.0 No.40

박용래는 문명에 의해 사라져가는 풍경들에 주목하면서 그것들이 가지고 있는 갸륵하고 어여쁘고 소박한 측면을 향토적인 언어로 그려내었다. 그러나 그러한 자연현상보다 더 중요한 것은 그것들 속에 숨겨진 기억 속에서만 존재하는 사물들이다. 한 작가가 그리는 풍경은 실제적 지리가 아니고, ‘내면적 지리’ 혹은 ‘주관적 지리’라고 할 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 박용래의 시에 나타나는 고향의 풍경은 단순히 자연 속에 놓여 있는 것이 아니라, 과거와 현재가 섞여 있고, 영혼과 사물이 혼재한 그러한 자연속이다. 이러한 박용래의 시에서 ‘물’은 무엇보다 그의 ‘전원으로의 귀소(歸巢)의 설계’를 매개하는 뚜렷한 이미지이다. 물이라는 심상은 그 안에서 우리가 우리 자신을 직접 ‘체함’하는 것이기 때문이다. 물의 이미지는 먼저 ‘접분(接分)의 상상력’으로 나타난다. 이것은 사물과 인간을 자기의 욕망으로만 끌어들이지 않고 표면과 이면의 경계에 자신을 위치시킴으로써 자신의 근원적인 고독의 발원지인 과거와 그 흔적이 사라져가고 있는 현재를 잇고자 함이다. 박용래는 자신의 감정을 철저하게 배제한 채 그것들을 응시함으로써 가물가물 사라지고 있는 지나간 시간과 그것들이 존재하지 않는 현실의 시간을 짜맞추어나간다. 또한 그의 시에서 나타나는 극소량의 물의 이미지인 이슬, 눈물, 샘물 등은 정화(淨化)의 심리학에 해당되는 것으로서 외적 경험에 속해 있는 것과는 다른 양상을 보인다. 우리는 박용래의 이러한 역동적인 물 이미지에서 정화를 통해 풍부하고 혁신적인 다가치(多價値)의 힘을 발견할 수가 있다. 그리고 그 역동적인 물은 그 신선한 실체의 반영으로 우리를 인도하며 우리 자신을 생명의 에너지로 충만하게 한다. 본고는 이와 같이 박용래의 시에 나타난 전원의 의미와 물의 이미지를 통해 허물어진 세계를 상상력으로 일으켜 세우고자 하는 의지적인 “전원으로의 귀소(歸巢)의 설계”를 파악하고자 하였다. Yongrae Park focused on landscapes that have been disappeared by civilization and wrote the praiseworthy, beauty, and rustic aspect of the landscapes through rural words. However, more important thing than these kinds of natural phenomena is something being inside of the memories hid in the natural phenomena. The landscape, which a writer expresses, can be said ‘inner geography’ or ‘personal geography,’ not an actual geography. Therefore, the landscape of a hometown that the Yongrae Park’s poetry shows is not existing in a nature. It is existing in another nature that the past and present are mixed and souls and things are mixed in a complex. In Yongrae Park’s poem, ‘Water’ is the distinguished image carrying his ‘the homing design as a pastoral. It is because that the image of water is, inside of it, that we directly ‘experience’ ourselves. First of all, the image of water comes up as ‘the imagination of the Meeting and Dividing of Objects.’ This does not rope things and humans in only one’s desire, but it is to forget the past, which is one’s source of underlying loneliness, and the present, which its trace is disappearing, through locating oneself on the boundary of the surface and the other side. Yongrae Park interknits the passed time, dimly disappearing, and the present time that the passed time does not exist anymore by staring at the passed time without his emotions thoroughly. Also, dew, tear, and spring water, which were shown in his poetry as a thimbleful of water, are included in the purification of psychology, and these show different phase from the things belonged in external experiences. We can find out the plentiful and innovational power of lots of values through the dynamic water image. Furthermore, the dynamic water image leads us to the reflection of the fresh noumenon, and the image makes us plentiful of the energy of a life. This treatise, like above, tried to understand that volitional “the homing design as a pastoral” to set up the world destroyed by imagination, through the meaning of pastoral and the image of water that were shown in Yongrae Park’s poem.

연장 가골에 골 이식 대체물 투여가 골 경화에 미치는 영향 : 가토 경골에서의 방사선 및 골 밀도의 변화 Changes of Radiography & Bone Mineral Density in the Tibia of Rabbits

오창욱,김풍택,박병철,송해룡,박일형,백준호,박형진 경북대학교 병원 2003 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

목적 : 골 연장술 후 생기는 연장 가골에 황화 칼슘과 이종 이식골을 투여하여 골 경화 속도에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위한 실험이었다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 성장중인 뉴질랜드 화이트 토끼(2.0-2.5㎏)의 경골 간부에 골막을 보호하고, 절골술을 시행하고, 5일간의 휴지기후 외고정 장치를 이용하여 1주일 동안 7㎜가 연장될 때까지 하루 1㎜씩 2회의 리듬을 가지고 골 연장을 실시하였다. 제1 실험 군 7마리에는 연장이 끝난 직후 황화 칼슘(Osteoset^(ⓡ), Wright medical USA) 1정, 제 2 실험 군 7마리에는 이종 이식골의 일종인 Lubboc 5㎟을 각각 연장된 가골 부에 주입하고, 단순 연장한 대조군 7마리와 함께, 방사선 및 골 밀도비를 측정하고 추시하여, 골 경화의 진행속도를 비교하였다. 방사선 촬영은 전후면 및 측면사진을 1주 간격으로 촬영하였고, 골밀도 측정은 DEXA(dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry, Lunar^(ⓡ)) 장치를 2주일 간격으로 시행하였다. 결과 : 방사선 소견상, 제 1실험군의 연장가골의 완전 경화시간은 평균 14주, 제 2실험군은 154 주로 각각 대조군의 16.9주보다 단축되었으며, 골 밀도 비에서도, 두 실험군에서 최고치가 대조군의 값보다 높고, 최고치까지의 경과기간도 빨랐다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 연장 가골에 황화칼슘 및 이종 이식골의 투여가 골 경화의 기간을 단축시킬 수 있고, 외고정 장치의 빠른 제거에 도움이 될 수 있음을 알았다. Purpose : This study was designed to know the effect of calcium-sulfate and xenograft on the distracted callus after lengthening. Materials & Methods : We had operation of subperiosteal osteotomy and external fixation on the tibial diaphysis of young New Zealand White rabbits(2.0-2.5㎏); after 5 days of latency period, 7㎜(1㎜/day, 2times/day) of tibial lengthening was reached in a week. At 1 week after lengthening, the 1st experimental group of 7 rabbits received a pellet of calcium sulfate(Osteoset, Wright medical, USA) in the distraction gap, and the 2nd experimental group of 7 rabbits received 5㎜ 2 of xenogrfat(Lubboc) in the distraction gap. But, the control group of 7 rabbits did not receive any of above materials. We compared three groups with the changes of radiographic findings at every week and bone mineral ratio(DEXA) at every two weeks. Results : The time to complete consolidation of distraction callus of both experimental group(calcium sulfate;14 weeks, xenograft; 15.4 weeks) was shorter than that of control group(16.9 weeks) in radiographic findings. Maximum value of bone mineral ratio of distraction callus was higher and the time to reach the highest value was also shortened in the both experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion : By use of bone substitutes as like calcium sulfate or xenograft in the distraction callus with external fixator, it may be possible to shorten the consolidation period and the fixator-wearing period.

제 3 대구치 발치시 환자의 호흡 패턴이 스트레스 변화 양상에 미치는 영향

이상명,김형욱,박양호,김진철,박준우,이성준,안재목,Rhee, Sang-Myung,Kim, Hyung-Wook,Park, Yang-Ho,Kim, Jin-Cheol,Park, Jun-Woo,Rhee, Sung-Jun,Nyamdorj, Selenge,Ahn, Jae-Mok 대한구강악안면외과학회 2007 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.33 No.5

Purpose: Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data). It is known as RSA which represents respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Previous studies demonstrated a specific breathing pattern(0.1Hz, 6breaths/min) to improve a physiological body condition related to the stress. In this paper, the level of stress would be evaluated in terms of three phases of the dental treatment, combined with 6breaths/min. Methods: These phases include before, during and after tooth extraction or anesthesia or something.36 patients' stresses were assessed using HRV stress analyzer in each phase in Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, and Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center from Jun. to Sept. of 2007. HRV 5-min data collected were analyzed in time-domain and frequency-domain to evaluate the activity of autonomic nervous system(ANS) which represents the level of stress. Results: All HRV parameters including HF(high frequency), LF(low frequency) and LF/HF ratio showned a significant change affecting the ANS balance. There was a 6.4% difference between R(LF/HF)s on general breathing pattern for balance of Autonomic nervous system, but on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz, was made narrow till 1.4%. The activity of ANS has increased by 1.4% on general breathing pattern, and by 2.9% on controlled breathing pattern, 0.1Hz. Conclusion: After analysis of preoperative stress changes and effect of breathing pattern of 0.1 Hz on the stress in 36 patients who have undergone third molar extraction, following was concluded. In the preoperative stage, the sympathetic change was the greatest?after the?anesthetic injection, and stress was relieved by controlling the breathing pattern to a frequency of 0.1Hz.

생쥐 소장의 interstitial cells of Cajal에서 ATP-민감성 K^(+)통로를 통한 향도잡이 전류의 조절

박찬국,김만우,김형석,최석,전제열 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate whether ATP-sensitive K^(+) channels exist in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) of mouse small intestine and the physiological role of ATP-sensitive K^(+) channels in gastrointestinal motility. Methods: ICC were isolated from mouse small intestine and cultured for 2 days. Electrical activities of ICC were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique at 30°C. Results: ICC displayed rhythmic slow waves and spontaneous inward currents (pacemaker currents). Pinacidil, an ATP-sensitive K^(+) channel opener, induced membrane hyperpolarization and decreased amplitude of slow waves in current clamping mode. Also, pinacidil inhibited amplitude and frequency of pacemaker currents and activated outward currents at a holding potential of -70 mV. Pinacidil effects on slow waves and pacemaker currents were blocked by glibenclamide, a specific blocker of ATP-sensitive K^(+) channel. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, induced membrane hyperpolarization and inhibited pacemaker currents like as pinacidil and blocked by glibenclamide. Conclusions: These results suggest that ATP-sensitive K^(+) channels exist in ICC and may be play an important role in regulating gastrointestinal motility through the modulation of pacemaker activities of ICC.

영동지역 4개 저수지의 식물성 플랑크톤 분포에 의한 오수생물학적 연구

박영제,김양배,전방욱,김형섭 江陵大學校東海岸地域硏究所 1993 東海岸硏究 Vol.4 No.1

영동지역에 위치하는 4개 저수지를 대상으로 1991년 9월에 수질조사 및 식물성 플랑크톤 분포에 의한 오수생물학적 수질평가 연구를 시도하였다. 수질평가를 위하여 수온, 수소이온농도, 총질소, 총인, 엽록소 a, 및 식물성 플랑크톤의 현존량을 조사하였다. 동정된 식물성 플랑크톤은 총 58종류로 남조류 10종, 황색편모조 1종, 와편모조 2종, 갈색편모조 1종 및 녹조류 37종류였다. 식물성 플랑크톤의 우점종은 저수지별로 달랐으며, 죽헌저수지는 Microsystis aeruginosa, 북동저수지는 Peridinium cunningtonii var. contactum, 달방댐은 Staurastrum simonyi var. simonyi, 초당저수지는 Chlamydomonas umbonata로 밝혀졌다. 수질 및 식물성 플랑크톤의 분포유형을 기준으로 호수 수질을 생물학적으로 판정할 때 죽헌, 북동 및 초당저수지는 β-중부수성 호수로 달방댐은 빈부수성 호수로 판정되었다. The survey of water quality and saprobiotic phytoplankton distribution was carried out in 4 reservoirs in eastern area of Kangwon Province at September 1991. Temperature, pH, total-N, total-P, chl.a, and standing crop of phytoplankton were measured for water quality examination. Total numbers of phytoplankton identified were 58 spp, consisted of 10 spp Cyanophyta, 1 spp Chrysophyta, 2 spp Dinophyta, 1 spp Crytophyta, and 37 spp Chlorophyta. The dominant species of phytoplankton in each reservoir was different as follows: Microsystis aeruginosa in Jukhean, Peridinium cunningtonii var. contactum in Bukdong, Staurastrum simonyi var. simonyi in Dalbang, and Chlamydomonas umbonata in Chodang. Estimated from the data of water quality and phytoplankton distribution, the reservoirs of Jukheon, Bukdong and Chodang were β-mesosaprobic whereas Dalbang was oligosaprobic.

기능적 회전곡면에 대한 NURBS 근사

박형준 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2006 生産技術硏究 Vol.28 No.2

In engineering applications, the faces of products or parts are often expressed as rotationally symmetric surfaces each of which is defined by revolving a functional curve a full about an axis. The functional curve is explicitly described as the graph of a single-valued function including non-polynomial or higher order polynomial terms. It is necessary to represent such surfaces in standard formats such as non-unifonn rational B-splines (NURBS) in a sense of approximation. This paper presents an approximate method for NURBS representation of such functional surfaces of revolution within a specified accuracy. First a given functional curve is approximately represented in a B-spline curve via B-spline curve refitting. A resultant NURBS surface is then acquired by using the B-spline curve in the process of NURBS revolving. The method is simple in concept, Provides reasonable accuracy control, and realizes efficient data reduction. Some experimental results demonstrate its usefulness and quality.

광섬유 ROTDR 센서를 이용한 사회기반시설물의 보안에 관한 연구

박형준,고광락,권일범 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.2

광섬유 ROTDR(Rayleigh optical time domain reflectometry) 센서를 이용하여 중요 보안 대상체인 사회기반시설물에 침투하는 침입자의 위치와 무게 정도를 탐지할 수 있는 기초 연구를 수행하였다. 넓은 면적을 감지할 수 있는 매설형 광섬유 센서탐지판을 제작하고, 인가된 침입물체의 위치와 무게에 따른 신호특성을 고찰하였다. ROTDR 센서는 펄스 폭이 30 ㎱이고, 광섬유의 길이는 10㎞ 이상이다. 위치탐지오차는 약 3m 이내였으며, 무게에 따른 탐지능력은 20kgf, 40kgf, 60kgf의 세단계를 구분할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. A detection technique is studied to determine the location and the weight of an intruder into infrasturcture using fiber optic ROTDR(Rayleigh optical time domain reflectometry) sensor. Fiber optic sensing plates buried in sand are prepared to measure the intruder effects. The signal of ROTDR was analyzed to confirm the detection performance. The constructed ROTDR system could be used up to 12 ㎞ at the pulse width of 30 ㎱. The location error was less than 3 m and the weight could be detected into three levels of grade, such as 20 kgf, 40 kgf and 60 kgf.

VII 인자 결핍 신생아에서 발생한 뇌실내출혈 1 례

박형준;김영대;김우경;박용원 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Congenital factor VII deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder that has an estimated prevalence of 1/300,000 to 1/500,000. Transmission is autosomal recessive. Because factor VII is important in initiation the coagulation cascade, a factor VII deficiency can result in significant bleeding with pr oiongation of the prothrombin time. In severely affected patients, bleeding starts early in life and encompasses life-threatening hemorrhages such as Intracranial and gastrointestinal hemorrhages. These are the most frequent bleeding events in the first 6 months of life. Definitive diagnosis tests on a specific assay for factor VII clotting activity. Human factor VII from plasma is used to treat factor VII deficiency. Either fresh frozen plasma or factor VII concentrate can be used. We experienced a case of intraventricular hemorrhage in a newborn infant who had been diagnosed as congenital factor VII deficiency. So, we report the case with a review of literatures.

스포츠관광 정책의 중요도에 따른 스포츠관광의 활성화 방안 및 상품유형

박준동,이재형 동아대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2000 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study is to provide the development of sports tour with practical data and information, and to present the active plan of sports tour based on the analysis of sports tour's administrative importance to improve the quality of life and a variety of patterns which toures like in the times of glovalization, and information-intensive society with the method of self administered questionnaire-(common people group total 496 papers, specialist group total 28 papers)-based on common people who not only have lived Pusan Metropolitan but also have participated in, and seen a lot of events of sports. The results of the study are as follows: 1.The plan connected sports marketing with sports and tour is found to be presented. 2.Facilitation and investment are absolutely needed. 3.The development and advertisement of many goods are needed domestically and abroadly. 4.Mass-media and relationship of sports tour are lasted. 5.The balanced development of local areas is needed to cultivate national industry. 6.The designation of special sports tour's area is needed to satisfy many toures with all the desires. 7.The exchange between the developed nations and our nation is needed in sports tour. 8.The plan of sports tour and the committee of tour's development are absolutely needed. 9.The cultivation of intensive sports tour's specialists is absolutely needed.

ASEAN經濟統合의 效果에 관한 實證的 硏究(Ⅰ)

朴魯慶,金浩中,林俊亨 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1997 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.20 No.1