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김진철 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2002 교육논총 Vol.19 No.-
본 연구는 7차 교육과정의 중요 과제인 학습자 중심의 영어 학습을 효율적으로 수행하기 위한 방안을 연구하여 그것을 교육현장에 적극 활용할 수 있도록 제안하 고자 하는데 연구 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 학습자의 자율성을 존중하며, 그들의 수준과 흥미 그리고 학습 방법에 알맞은 과제를 학습자가 자율적으로 주도해 나가 는 자기 주도적 학습의 실천이 요구된다. 이러한 학습에서는 지금까지와는 달리 교 육의 결과보다도 교육에서의 과정을 더욱 중요시한다. 교사는 효율적 학습을 위해 서 입력기술을 습득하고 affective filter를 고려하여 창의적 표현 능력 증진을 목표 로 학습을 계획하여야 한다. 단계별 수업 전략에서는 듣기 능력과 말하기 능력 배 양을 위한 방법이 제시되었다. 여기에서는 더 자주적이고 창의적인 수업이 되도록 지도 과정에서 다양하게 학습자 위주의 학습지도 안을 제시하였다.
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金鎭轍 東國大學校 法政硏究所 1977 法政論叢 Vol.3 No.-
Most of the international political theories are based upon the premise that the national-actors have maxmizing behavioral patterns. The value-maximizing drive is, therefore, the reason behind the notions of national actors, and accordingly, this maxmizing drive creates the problem of scarcity, the existence of conflict (competition), and the necessity of allocation in the international scene. But international system lacks a central authority, and lacks the means to force a speedy and equitable settlement of dispute among national actors. International political action occurs when national actors dispute about the distribution of things considered valuable. Then, an international political allocation is sought through consensus among them. International political system, therefore, will be identified as a set of interactions, abstracted from the totality of international social behavior, through which values are allocated by consensus for an international society, among national actors. International political systems have a common basic identity as system. That is, all the systems have maintained their basic identity of fundamental life process as a system continuing through time. It is by a way of homeostatic equilibrium that makes the system permit to persist. Homeostatic equilibrium of system, that is, system persistence implies that when a system is subjected to the disturbances which affects the performance of its identifying function, some of its variables will be displaced but its basic identity of fundamental life process performs. This tendency is what enables systems theory to deal with the process and the structure of change. Thus, the international political system like living systems, may be seen as a "responding" and "self-regulating" system by life process. The very core of international political system consists of the self-regulation mechanism which automatically regulates the behavior of the national actors within the system. Therefore, the self-regulating mechanism allows international political system to change, correct and readjust its processes and structures in the face of activity which threatens to disrupt its own activity. The operation of international self-regulating mechanism does not depend upon the conscious decision of any one national actor or group of actors to bring it about. Rather, the system's self-regulating behavior is the unintended consequence of the interplay of the national actor's maximizing behavior, that is, feedback process (the existence of automatic regulative homeostatic devices). Thus the self-regulating process is dependent upon the interaction of these maximizing national actors. But the essential feedback function is a central condition for self-regulating international political system.
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김진철,주원덕 東國大學校 1993 東國論叢 Vol.32 No.-
The purpose of this study is to examine the main currents of recent Korean Marxism concerning with the collapse of real socialism. The impact of 1989-1991 and its symptoms accelated the discussion of "crisis of Marxism", and that resulted in the transformation of ideological terrain in Korea. Firstly, post-Marxism represent the trends of renovation or re-systematization through the 'radical pluralism', 'radical democracy', 'post-liberalism'. It's main theme focuses on 'new social movement' about women liberation, environment, anti-war, anti-nuclear, human rights etc. Then it argues upon the decline of class struggle grounding on class struggle model in modern capitalist society. Moreover the failure of 'real Socialism' is justified the inadequacy of Commnuism as a counter ideology for mankind historically and emphirically. Especially post-Marxist in Korea regards the bankruptcy of 'real Socialim' as the bakruptcy of not only the Stalism but also the Marxism itself. Secondly, Althusserianism recognize the irreversibilty of 'the crisis of Marxism'. But this school seeks for the rehabilitation of Marxism through the rediscovering of Marxism's historical, constituent contradiction, and that they seek to transform Marxism as a critical and revolutionaly proletarian class's theory. Their main argument is that Marxism's deep crisis in today comes from the transformation of socialist party into capitalist state. Moreover the party for mass has oppressed mass's struggles and political practice. Here is a great transformation that occurs the deep crisis of Marxism. Thirdly, Trotskyism which is led by 'Socialist Worker's Party' in England do not comprend the collapse of real Socialism as the resurrection of Capitalism. Tonny Cliff who leads this school argues that socialism has not existed in the world after 1928. That which has existed from 1928 to now was stateowership and 'plan economy' of certain kind, and that there has not realized true Socialism which stems from classical Marxism. Cliff difines the Stalinist regime as 'bureaucratically State Capitalism' and argues that there has been progressed the accumulation for accumulation which characterized the capitalist world economy. Thus he insists that the collapse of real Socialism gives revolutionary Socialist the oppurtinity for ressurection of socialist thought as worker's class's self-emancipation.
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