敎授 學習過程과 Communication의 理論的 考察

曺正基 新羅大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The present issue in Modern education is apparently to increase the potentials of studying by students-themselves. To solve this problems, the process of teaching-learning looks very important. According to our viewpoint, teaching-learning could be difined in two-different ways. S.M. Corey difined the teaching as follow;To teach the Individual to show particular action as a response to a situation under a given condition and manipulate the environment with intention that surrounds him to participate in particular action. Also, A.T. Gates, defines "lerning is the progressive acceptance of behavior through experience and traing. Cho Chung-Ki, defines the teaching in his book (Human Management, 1981, p. 100) as follow;the communication is taking of one's own knowledge, thought and attitude by all and is the process that express and transmit his opinion to others. With this concept, teaching-learning process could be regarded as process of Communication. Because the basic function of Education is to transmit the cultural legacies, accumu- lated through history, from the old generations to New generations, I could possibly prove that teaching & instruction would be the process of communi-cation. In other words, the teacher, who is transmitter, sends his message using his text and educational aids. And the student, the receiver, receiver the message and in-terpret these for learning. As a conclusion, the instruction would be possible by the help of Communication. To be effective in Education, the employment of the function and technique of Communication is mostly desired.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

상미분방정식의 새로운 수치해법

조정기;이경호 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2010 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.16 No.2

In this article, we prove that Dual-Mesh Characteristic (DMC) ODE solver is exact for linear fluxes.

創意力 開發과 敎育訓鍊技法에 關한 硏究

曺正基 新羅大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

The modern educational world demands training of original thinking faculty that develops new ideas and technic which is more important than resources. As one of educational importance, a matter of necessity, "how to develop creativity," has appeared. This study is based on the above point of view, and each creativity is grasped correetly first, to suggest the importance on developing creativity in an educational way and clear up the correlation between creativity and intelligence, interest and scholastic achievement. Now I fixed a hypothesis on this study which has a correlation between creativity and intelligence, interest and scholastic achevement and there will be differend limits of creativity intelligence and interests according to sex. The result of this study is as follows: 1. The correlation between creativity and intelligence is limited in low extent. 2. There is no correlation between creativity and interest. 3. I have found there is much correlation between creativity and scholastic achievement but it seems to be limited to male-students. 4. There is no difference in limit of their creativity according to sex. However, there appeared some different limit to interest between sexes. They have some differences in intelligence according to sex. 5. The process of creative thinking is shown as follows: (1) Orientation and pointing out the problem. (2) Preparation gathering Relevant Data. (3) Analysis; Breaking Down the Relevant Material. (4) Hypothesis;piling up Alternatives by way of Ideas. (5) Incubation;Letting up to invite illumination. (6) Synthesis;putting the pieces together. (7) Verification;Judging the Resultant ideas. As a result of the above study I suggest that we should clear the modern uniform educational system by teaching how to memorize and reproduce information from the activities of our curricula in Korea. So we should begin to carry out a new Kind of educational system that will develop creativity in order to get a scattering speculation of each student.

영상복원을 이용한 다중 열화된 영상의 디지털 자동초점 장치 개발

조충남,백준기 중앙대학교정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.1

영상복원의 문제에서 blind deconvolution의 문제는 열화함수를 미리 알고 있지 않을 경우를 말한다. 이런한 blind deconvolution은 입력된 영상으로부터 알지 못하는 열화시스템의 정보를 찾아내서 원래의 영상을 복원하는 것이다. 이런 가술은 우리가 보통 사용하는 사진이나 우주영상, 현미경영상 등의 영상에 사용하여 보다 나은 영상으로 개선하는데 사용된다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 자동초점장치는 얻어진 영상에 다중 열화된 물체들이 있는 경우에 적용되는 blind deconvolution이다. 최근들어 인터넷의 보급과 일반 자정집의 통신선로의 확장 및 확대가 단지 텍스트위주의 컴퓨터 통신을 음성 및 영상과 동영상으로 발전되어지며, 이도 통신의 시장에서도 IMF 2000이 본격적으로 상용화의 궤도에 올라가면서 음성 못지 않게 영상의 비중이 더욱더 커지는 것은 말할 나위가 없다. 일반전화선을 이용해서 H.324 기반 영상전화기 기술에서도 전송되어지는 영상의 화질을 개선하기 위한 여러 전, 후처리 기술들이 속속히 개발되어지고 있는데, 그 기술 중 촬영되어진 영상을 전송하기 전에 열화되어 초점이 맞지 않은 영상을 기계적인 어떤 부가 장비 없이 초점이 맞도록 하는 자동초점장치의 역할은 전송하기 전의 원영상의 화질 개선에 매우 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 자동 초점시스템을 구현하기 위해서는 입력되어진 초점 불안전 열화 영상에서 실제 카메라의 열화모델의 점확산 함수 추정은 매우 중요하다. 점확산 함수의 정확한 추정은 영상복원으로 얻어진 well-focus 된 결과영상이 원 영상에 얼마나 근접 할 수 있는가를 결정하기 때문에 영상처리 기술에서 매우 중요한 연구 주제이다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 점확산 함수에 의해 열화된 물체들의 영상을 영상분할 기반 반복적 영상복원기법을 이용해서 원래 well-focus된 영상으로 복원하는 점에 중점을 두었다. The images of three dimensions scene recorded by a camera are in general defocused, due to limited depth-of-field of the camera. So, some objects are in focus and others are out-of-focus in the images, which is suffered from degradation due to spatially varying out-of-focus blur. In this paper, we proposed a new method for auto-focusing of multiple objects blurred by a different valued point spread function(PSF). The multiple blurred objects are defocused respectively in proportion to the circle of the confusion (COC), so the multiple blurred objects (MBOs) have individually the PSFs in the image. In order to obtain all range well-focused image, we first divide the MBOs into the same degree blurred objects using the several segmentation methods. But, in this paper, we do not focus on the segmentation methods, so we discuss about that methods later. We divide the region of same blurred value in manual. And we compute amount of out-of-focus by estimation two-dimensional(2D) PSF, finally we acquire the all region well-focused image using the proposed the boundary model of between objects and background and segmentation-based spatially adaptive image restoration algorithm and boundary. We proposed a new degradation model for auto focus blur between multiple objects with different out of focus parameters and the segmentation-based spatially adaptive regularized iterative restoration algorithm. In the proposed model, the boundary effect of out of focus objects is mathematically analyzed. By using experimental results, we show that the proposed restoration algorithm can efficiently remove the space-variant out of focus blur of multiple blurred objects image.

繁殖用의 均一系 마우스(ICR-JCL)의 集團飼育에 關한 調査硏究

曺慶鍾,宋南宰,金基弘,鄭英彩 國立保健硏究院 1970 국립보건연구원보 Vol.7 No.-

스티렌 폭로 근로자들의 기중 및 혈중 스티렌과 요중 만델산의 관계 분석

정호근,강성규,양정선,김기웅,이종성,조영숙,박인정 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The concentration of styrene in air in blood and mandelic acid in urine were checked for the 60 workers with normal liver function, exposed to styrene. Styrene in air were sampled with personal air sampler at least 4 hours and analyzed by gas chromatography. Blood and spot urine were collected at the end of shift with a vacuum tube and a polythylene bottle and analyzed by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Means of air and blood styrene and urine mandelic acid were 8.16 ppm(geometric mean), 0.199 mg/L, and 0.519 g/g creatinine, respectively. The concentration of styrene in air and mandelic acid in urine were high in the FRP factories and low in polymerization factory. Styrene in blood showed large difference by the working process. Styrene in air showed a good correlation with mandelic acid in urine(r=0.6369) and styrene in blood(r=0.6371). The mandelic acid in urine and styrene in blood corresponded to exposure of 50 ppm styrene were 0.890 g/g creatinine and 0.434 mg/L. However, hippuric acid in urine did not show any correlation with styrene in air. Urine mandelic acid excretion expected ratio showed a tendency to decrease according to obesity index and to increase with alcohol consumption.

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

重化學工業機械의 國産化方案에 關한 硏究 : 特히 窯業에 있어서의 燒成爐, 粉碎機, 排風機, 冷却機, 電氣集마器 自動枰量供給器 等의 製作을 目的으로

趙哲衡,朴碩喆,丁太權,宋鐵,桭達福,金基玉,朴煥奎,趙煥從,朴善鐘,金種一,李茂錫 朝鮮大學校 1977 綜合論文集 Vol.1977 No.-

This is to investigate the posibility of home manufacturing of heavy chemical industry machines, such as rotary kiln, crusher, blower, cooler, electrostatic precipitator and weighing feeder of cement plant. It is concluded that even though we can not make all of them (some of them are made now and some others are going to be made in the near future, some of them are made whole and some others are made partially), we can build or export the cement plant by importing the important machines which we can not make now and by substituting them with ours gradually.

産業敎育課程 編成과 敎授案作成 硏究

曺正基 新羅大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.32 No.1

The Primary purpose of the Lesson plan is to insure that the instructor considers every factor that might influence the effectiveness of a Lesson as he plans that Lesson. The first step in planning a Lesson is to defire and state the Lesson objective and the desired Learning outcomes. The objective should be limited to a feasible outcome, and the objective and the outcome should both be seated in terms of student activity. The desired learning outcomes should be staled clearly and concisely to refect that the student in to retain from the learning experence in planing a lesson, the instructor usually needs to do considerable research. The lesson objective and the desired learning outcomes guide him in this research, the extent of which depends largely on the available time, the instructors past experience with the subject matter, and complexity of the subject. As the instructor gathers his research material in support of the desired learning outcomes, he organizes it to some extent. The primary emplasis in the final organization of the material should be on the clear and logical arrangement of ideas and procedures, main points should overshadow subordinate points, and the material should be closely related and arranged so that are idea or procedure leads naturally to the next. This type of organization helps the student remember important point, because each key fact serves as a reminder of related facts.