펙인홀 작업제어에 적용되는 다중 목표를 갖는 영역기반 Q학습법

차승현,서일홍,조영조,김재현,박정민 제어로봇시스템학회 1998 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1998 No.10

반황제파 성직자들의 시각에서 본 833년 반란과 루도비쿠스 1세의 공개 참회

차승현 한국서양중세사학회 2023 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.- No.51

Louis I sought to renew and unify the Christian world through the church reform programs and recognized his empire as a vast ecclesial community. Valuing the unity of the empire and the church, he took proactive steps to ensure that the unity of the empire would be maintained for generations to come by issuing the Imperial Edict in 817. The Frankish bishops, who shared emperor’s power, also valued the stability and unity of the empire. When the emperor revoked the Imperial Edict in 829, many of them saw his eldest son, Lothair I, as an alternative and joined the second revolt in 833 and interpreted Louis I's defeat as a divine judgment. These anti-emperor clergy used public penance to legitimately deprive Louis I of his imperial powers. In Frankish society, any act that disrupted community cohesion was considered a public offense and required public penance, and the bishops who sided with Lothair I compiled a list of public offenses and forced Louis I to read them to justify his abdication. They also used the practice of equating penitents with monks, hoping to render Louis I powerless by forever isolating him from the world after his public penance. 루도비쿠스 1세는 광범위한 교회 개혁을 통해 기독교 세계의 갱생과 통합을 도모했으며 자신의 제국을 거대한 교회 공동체로 인식했다. 제국과 교회의 일치를 중요하게 생각한 그는 817년에 『제국 칙령』을 제정하여 다음 세대에도 제국의 통일성이 유지될 수 있도록 선제적인 조치를 취했다. 820년대부터 황제의 조력자를 자처하면서 루도비쿠스 1세의 권력을 공유하던 프랑크 주교들 역시 제국의 안정과 통합을 중요하게 생각했는데, 829년 황제가 『제국 칙령』을 파기하자 이들 중 상당수는 장남 로타리우스 1세를 대안으로 여기고 833년 제2차 반란에 가담했으며 루도비쿠스 1세의 패배를 신의 심판으로 해석했다. 반황제파 성직자들은 루도비쿠스 1세로부터 황제권을 합법적으로 박탈하기 위해 공개 참회를 활용했다. 당시 프랑크 사회에서는 공동체의 결속을 방해하는 일체의 행위를 공공 범죄로 간주하고 공개 참회를 요구했는데, 로타리우스 1세의 편에 선 주교들은 공공성을 지닌 범죄 목록을 작성하여 루도비쿠스 1세에게 읽도록 강요함으로써 폐위를 정당화했다. 또한 이들은 참회자를 수도사와 동일시하던 관행을 적극적으로 활용하여 공개 참회를 마친 루도비쿠스 1세를 세속으로부터 영원히 격리하여 무력한 존재로 만들고자 했다.

'후지' 사과즙을 첨가한 반죽 및 식빵의 품질 특성

차승현,신나리,안혜미,유도일,김대일,현태경,장금일,Cha, Seung-Hyeon,Shin, Na-ri,An, Hye-mi,Yoo, Do-Il,Kim, Dae-Il,Hyun, Tae Kyung,Jang, Keum-Il 한국식품영양학회 2019 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

In this study, bread was prepared using various amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, and quality and antioxidant properties investigated. Bread was prepared with water, butter, yeast, salt, sugar, wheat flour, skim milk powder and 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) 'Fuji' apple juice. Leavening ability and pH of dough were also investigated. Volume, pH, specific volume, baking-loss rate, chromaticity and texture were investigated as quality properties, whereas the total polyphenol content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity as the antioxidant properties of bread containing various amount of apple juice. The pH and leavening ability of dough were observed to decrease with increasing amount of apple juice. In the quality properties of bread, pH, volume, specific volume, and baking-loss rate decreased. Regarding chromaticity and texture of bread prepared with increasing amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, L (bright) values at crust and crumb of bread decreased, while hardness, chewiness and gumminess increased. Total polyphenol content increased with increasing amount of apple juice, while DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed no significant differences. Consequently, these results support the possible use of apple juice for baking foods in food industry, as addition of apple juice enhances the quality and antioxidant properties of bread.

Influenza Vaccination Coverage Rate according to the Pulmonary Function of Korean Adults Aged 40 Years and Over: Analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

차승현,백정훈,이미라,양휘호,박승국,전영지,유선미 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.5

Influenza vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality, particularly for those who have decreased lung functions. This study was to identify the factors that affect vaccination coverage according to the results of pulmonary function tests depending on the age. In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from 3,224 adults over the age of 40 who participated in the fifth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and underwent pulmonary function testing in 2012. To identify the factors that affect vaccination rate, logistic regression analysis was conducted after dividing the subjects into two groups based on the age of 65. Influenza vaccination coverage of the entire subjects was 45.2%, and 76.8% for those aged 65 and over. The group with abnormal pulmonary function had a higher vaccination rate than the normal group, but any pulmonary dysfunction or history of COPD did not affect the vaccination coverage in the multivariate analysis. The subjects who were 40-64 years-old had higher vaccination coverage when they were less educated or with restricted activity level, received health screenings, and had chronic diseases. Those aged 65 and over had significantly higher vaccination coverage only when they received regular health screenings. Any pulmonary dysfunction or having COPD showed no significant correlation with the vaccination coverage in the Korean adult population.

의약품 품목허가제도의 자기결정권, 보건권 침해 여부 : 약사법 제31조 제8항 등 위헌확인을 중심으로

차승현 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2013 생명윤리정책연구 Vol.7 No.2

In mid 2000’s, Korean society experienced a stem cell storm. Afterward, lots of patients suffering from incurable or obstinate diseases continued to put hope in curing their disease by stem cells. However, there have been controversy in the medical world over whether stem cell treatments can open a way to cure their disease. Meanwhile, there was a decision that Paragraph 8, Article 31 of the Act on Pharmaceutical Affairs is unconstitutional in last June. The decision turned down the claims of the patients with incurable or obstinate diseases, and the concerned law was accepted for deliberation under the constitution to decide whether the concerned law infringes on the freedom for the manufacturers of autologous cell theraphy products to choose jobs. But the author of this paper thinks that the concerned law can infringe upon the right for the patients with incurable or obstinate diseases to make decisions, and likes to re-compose the decision. The nature of the right for patients to make decisions is permitting the patients to make important decisions for themselves without restrictions by anyone else. What matters in this regard is whether the scope of exercising patients’ right to make decisions themselves includes a decision which can endanger the right of the patients. In principle, regarding the scope of exercising the right for making decisions, if the right is made by the individual after deliberation, the decision should be respected even though the decision endangers the decision maker. Of course, because we live in a society, our standing needs to be adjusted. Therefore, if the self-determination endangers or harms others, it can be restricted. Concerning the exercising of the self-determination of the patients with incurable or obstinate diseases as they want to use autologous cell theraphy products, the restriction on the self-determination is limited in that the exercising of the self-determination of the patients has no factor to harm others. This paper tries to verify it by applying the “Weight Formula” of R. Alexy. Of course, this “Weight Formula” can have a value bias. However, this paper claims that a decision on the infringement upon basic rights can be significant only when it is made in specific individual matters and that the value of the self-determination should be a priority over any supplementing law or regulation within the scope that the exercising of the right does not harm others.

자궁이식에 관한 법적, 윤리적 쟁점 연구

차승현,이봄이,이강미,전우휘,백수진 한국생명윤리학회 2022 생명윤리 Vol.23 No.1

2014년 스웨덴에서 선천적으로 자궁없이 태어난 30대 로키탄스키 신드롬(Mayer Roskitansky Küster-Hauser, MRKH syndrom) 여성이 자신의 어머니로부터 자궁을 이식받아 마침내 아이를 출산했다. 가까운 일본의 경우에도 2021년에 자궁이식 임상연구계획을 일본의학회를 중심으로 검토한 후 이를 승인한 바 있다. 국내에서도 2020년, 2021년 자궁이식과 관련된 심포지움이 개최되며 자궁이식 가능성이 논의되고 있다. 자궁은 생명과 직결되지 않는다는(non-vital) 측면에서 손, 팔, 다리 등과 유사하나 임신과 출산이라는 특별한 목적의 기능을 수행한다. 따라서 이식의 성공은 자궁의 안정적 ‘생착(engraftment)’으로만 보기는 어렵고 이식된 자궁을 통해 건강한 아이를 출산하는 것까지 담보되어야 한다. 그러나 아직 자궁이식으로 태어난 아이의 건강까지 보장할 수 있을지는 장담하기 어렵다.자궁이식이 지금까지는 소수의 의료전문가와 제한된 시설에서 연구적으로 시도되고 있지만 올바른 연구가 진행되기 위해서는 윤리적 기준에 대한 고찰이 함께 이루어져야 한다. 자궁이식에서 고려해야 하는 윤리적 기준은 이식술 연구와 임신과 출산에 대한 시술이 함께 수행되기 때문에, 일반적인 임상연구에서 요구되는 윤리적 기준과는 차이가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자궁이식 현황 및 특성을 살펴보고, 자궁이식 임상연구와 의료시술로서 자궁이식에 법적, 윤리적 쟁점을 검토해 볼 것이다.

데치기 시간에 따른 잔대 새싹의 일반성분 및 품질특성 변화

차승현,박상범,박세림,Shangle Jiang,장금일 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

카롤루스 제국 궁정의 정치적 역학관계 -황후 유디트(Judith)를 중심으로(819~830)-

차승현 한국서양사학회 2023 西洋史論 Vol.- No.159

In February 819, Louis the Pious married Judith, the daughter of Welf, in order to secure control over the eastern part of the empire. Lothair I and his brothers were not pleased with their stepmother, but explicit conflict between them did not occur until Judith gave birth to a son. After the birth of Charles II the Bald in 823, Judith gave a ring to the archbishop of Reims offering her son’s protection and political solidarity. On the other hand, Ermengarde’s three sons considered them a serious risk. When Louis the Pious broke the inheritance plan and granted part of the empire to Charles II in 829, they rebelled the following year. However, the political tension within the Frankish aristocratic society also served as an important factor. In 828, the counts of Tours and Orleans were dismissed, and the next year Bernard of Septimania appeared at the court with full trust from the emperor. As a result, the highest-ranking aristocracy felt threatened. In this way, the rebellion was caused by the emperor’s closest associates who were deprived of their official positions, the power group who felt uneasy due to the appearance of Bernard, and three step sons who wanted to eliminate Judith and Charles II. The rebels accused Judith of having committed an affair with Bernard. Since Bernard was the godson of Louis the Pious, their adultery meant incest, and the emperor, who failed to manage his wife, was also bound to suffer. In particular, Judith had to come into contact with the men of the court in order to perform her official duties as an empress, and had no choice but to become closely involved with Bernard, her subordinate and her son’s protector. The rebels actively took advantage of Judith’s weaknesses.

빌딩 시뮬레이션을 위한 재실자의 공간사용 예측 연구 동향

차승현,김태완,Cha, Seung-Hyeon,Kim, Tae-Wan 한국건설관리학회 2014 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.15 No.5

2020년 식품영양성분 DB구축을 위한 함량 분석: 총식이섬유 (Total Dietary Fiber)

차승현,정의환,한인범,박우현,장금일 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10